In recent years, an increase in the chicken meat process industry has been growing quickly, which brings a large amount of difficult to process waste, chicken feathers. These billions of kilograms create a serious waste problem over the world, furthermore, poultry feather processing is not only particularly difficult but also relatively expensive. In fact, there is no technology suitable for processing such huge quantities of feathers to guarantee sustainable development of the chicken meat industry together with processing of waste feathers. This article introduces a newly designed and original, highly efficient and environmentally friendly method of physicochemical hydrolysis of waste feathers. The hydrolysis is carried out in the presence of a weak organic carboxylic acid; thus, the resulting hydrolysate does not contain any salts or ashes. Therefore, a resulting hydrolysate, which includes a mixture of amino acids, peptides, proteins, glycoproteins and free fatty acids, is suitable for a variety of applications; e.g. as a chondroprotective agent in the treatment of joint diseases, nutrients for crop plants or targeted biostimulants for agriculture. This paper is focused not only on the process scale-up but also on environmental aspects and economic evaluations to bring general view of the process. Graphic
Paper deals with study of behavior of trickle-bed reactor under periodic feed rate modulation conditions. Unsaturated hydrocarbons hydrogenation (typical for pyrolysis gasoline hydrotreatment) was investigated. As model reactions hydrogenation of cyclohexene and styrene on egg-shell type palladium catalyst was studied. Numerical solution of theoretical model predicting strong effect of period split on a reactor performance is discussed. Periodic operation can enhance trickle-bed productivity due to decrease of flowing liquid film thickness and by increase of mean reactor temperature. Brief data about experimental pilot plant unit for investigation of dynamic operation of trickle bed reactor are presented.
25 November 2009 in Chemical Engineering & Technology