This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.
During the venture capital development, replacing the management work team or keeping up the status quo is a key strategy choice for venture capitalist and venture entrepreneur about the long-term development of enterprise and the control right transferring. In fact, the contract designing focuses on the distribution of cash flow to encourage both efforts in order to avoid double moral hazard, and the strategy behavior has similar effects according to the developing condition of venture enterprise. In this paper, we consider both contract design and strategic behavior, regarding this strategic behavior choice as a motivator and combining strategic behavior with financial instrument options. The main innovation is to redesign and optimize the contract based on dynamic perspective, which will analyze initial contract designed to motivate both sides’ effort if a venture enterprise is in good state, and then renegotiate whether to replace the management work team or keep up the status quo according to the venture enterprise’s development state in the process of venture investment cooperation. The paper also puts forward some conclusions: joint effort of both sides can be motivated through strategic behavior choice and then lead to increasing the overall value of the venture enterprise; after the venture enterprise has gained private benefits in the early stage, the venture capitalist needs to make appropriate assignments and demisability in benefits to remotivate the venture enterprise’s efforts, aiming to further balance venture enterprise’s private benefits and the earnings redistributed by venture capitalist.
Linsen Yin; Ane Pan. Replacing Management or Not: Contract Renegotiation to Prevent Double Moral Hazards of Venture Capital Investments. Scientific Programming 2021, 2021, 1 -10.
AMA StyleLinsen Yin, Ane Pan. Replacing Management or Not: Contract Renegotiation to Prevent Double Moral Hazards of Venture Capital Investments. Scientific Programming. 2021; 2021 ():1-10.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLinsen Yin; Ane Pan. 2021. "Replacing Management or Not: Contract Renegotiation to Prevent Double Moral Hazards of Venture Capital Investments." Scientific Programming 2021, no. : 1-10.
Under the background of addressing global climate change, the green-oriented urban development has become one of the top political agendas. The processes of green-oriented urban development are dynamic and complex systems influenced by socioeconomic and eco-environmental elements. The interactions between these elements cannot be well considered and treated in previous assessment researches. This study constructs the driving force-pressure-status-impact-response (DPSIR) framework, Shannon’s entropy and coordinated development index model to reflect the interactive effects and coordinated relationship. The model is applied to measure the green coordinated development performance in four municipalities directly under the central government and 15 sub-provincial cities from 2007 to 2016. Results show that the green coordination has been the priority for the development of most cities. The level of coordinated development has increased during the decade, but the overall level is not high. The cities in the southern coast is greener than the northern regions. The driving force has the most significant impact on green-oriented urban development. The pressure and response subsystems have made great progress with the implementation of a series of green-oriented strategies during the decade. The upgrading of socioeconomic driving force, the amending of environmental impacts and the improvement of status should be the focuses for the green-oriented urban development in China.
Ane Pan; Qin Wang; Qing Yang. Assessment on the coordinated development oriented to Green City in China. Ecological Indicators 2020, 116, 106486 .
AMA StyleAne Pan, Qin Wang, Qing Yang. Assessment on the coordinated development oriented to Green City in China. Ecological Indicators. 2020; 116 ():106486.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAne Pan; Qin Wang; Qing Yang. 2020. "Assessment on the coordinated development oriented to Green City in China." Ecological Indicators 116, no. : 106486.
The clear understanding of characteristics and trends of solid waste generation is essential for the optimization of waste collection and treatment systems. Taking 651 cities in China as a sample, this study adopts correlation analysis and the Q-type clustering model to explore the characteristics and general trends of solid waste generation (SWG) of five cities of different scale from 2007 to 2016. The results show that the trends of average amount and the annual per capita SWG are diversified in cities of different scale. The permanent residents and regional GDP have prominent impacts on SWG in large cities, megacities, and super megacities compared to those from small and medium-sized cities. The urban area is highly correlated with the SWG of all cities. Nearly one third of cities are characterized by high population density, high economic growth and low SWG. Furthermore, the factor models are developed to forecast the amount of SWG, which have a descriptive capacity of 96%, 95.4%, 92.6%, and 84.2% for the overall cities, large cities, medium-sized cities and small cities respectively.
Ane Pan; Linxiu Yu; Qing Yang. Characteristics and Forecasting of Municipal Solid Waste Generation in China. Sustainability 2019, 11, 1433 .
AMA StyleAne Pan, Linxiu Yu, Qing Yang. Characteristics and Forecasting of Municipal Solid Waste Generation in China. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (5):1433.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAne Pan; Linxiu Yu; Qing Yang. 2019. "Characteristics and Forecasting of Municipal Solid Waste Generation in China." Sustainability 11, no. 5: 1433.