Time-resolved PTV measurements around a hydrogen bubble growing at a Pt micro-electrode show Marangoni convection in the electrolyte.

The dynamics of hydrogen bubbles produced via electrolysis in acidic electrolytes is studied in a combination of experiments and numerical simulations. A transition from monotonic to oscillatory bubble growth is observed after $2/3$ of the bubble lifetime, if the electric potential exceeds $-3\mathrm{V}$. This work analyzes characteristic features of the oscillations in terms of bubble geometry, the thickness of the microbubble carpet, and the oscillation frequency. An explanation of the oscillation mechanisms is provided by the competition between buoyancy and electric force, the magnitude of which depends on the carpet thickness. Both the critical carpet thickness at detachment and the oscillation frequencies of the bubble as predicted by the model agree well with the experiment.

Synthetic conductive biopolymers have gained increasing interest in tissue engineering, as they can provide a chemically defined electroconductive and biomimetic microenvironment for cells. In addition to low cytotoxicity and high biocompatibility, injectability and adhesiveness are important for many biomedical applications but have proven to be very challenging. Recent results show that fascinating material properties can be realized with a bioinspired hybrid network, especially through the synergy between irreversible covalent crosslinking and reversible noncovalent self‐assembly. Herein, a polysaccharide‐based conductive hydrogel crosslinked through noncovalent and reversible covalent reactions is reported. The hybrid material exhibits rheological properties associated with dynamic networks such as self‐healing and stress relaxation. Moreover, through fine‐tuning the network dynamics by varying covalent/noncovalent crosslinking content and incorporating electroconductive polymers, the resulting materials exhibit electroconductivity and reliable adhesive strength, at a similar range to that of clinically used fibrin glue. The conductive soft adhesives exhibit high cytocompatibility in 2D/3D cell cultures and can promote myogenic differentiation of myoblast cells. The heparin‐containing electroconductive adhesive shows high biocompatibility in immunocompetent mice, both for topical application and as injectable materials. The materials could have utilities in many biomedical applications, especially in the area of cardiovascular diseases and wound dressing.