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This paper presents a new virtual reality (VR)-based approach to advanced learnings and experiences of the circular economy (CE) in the construction industry. The approach involves incorporating game design and a building information modelling (BIM) digital twin of a purposed CE prototype building. Our novel approach introduces VR environments designed to provide a visual representation of materials and components that can be reintroduced into the supply chain at the end of life and their removal procedures and material provenance. A case study methodology was applied to a purposely designed CE building, namely the Legacy Living Lab (L3). To reflect the real-life building, L3’s BIM model was combined with Unify game software to advance the literature in three key areas. First, the research investigates VR tools that will allow building designers to view and implement their strategies to advance CE design. Second, this research proposes an advanced VR tool to visualise the bill of quantities (BoQ) and material stock embedded in the studied building, further understanding concepts such as buildings as material banks. Finally, the proposed VR environment defines CE techniques implemented within the case study to be disseminated across the vast construction industry. This VR research identifies three key pillars in reducing the waste generated by the construction industry: education, documentation and visualisation. Furthermore, this paper provides a visual link between the BIM, BoQ and resiliency of the selected materials.
Timothy O’Grady; Nicholas Brajkovich; Roberto Minunno; Heap-Yih Chong; Gregory Morrison. Circular Economy and Virtual Reality in Advanced BIM-Based Prefabricated Construction. Energies 2021, 14, 4065 .
AMA StyleTimothy O’Grady, Nicholas Brajkovich, Roberto Minunno, Heap-Yih Chong, Gregory Morrison. Circular Economy and Virtual Reality in Advanced BIM-Based Prefabricated Construction. Energies. 2021; 14 (13):4065.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTimothy O’Grady; Nicholas Brajkovich; Roberto Minunno; Heap-Yih Chong; Gregory Morrison. 2021. "Circular Economy and Virtual Reality in Advanced BIM-Based Prefabricated Construction." Energies 14, no. 13: 4065.
As the population of urban areas continues to grow, and construction of multi-unit developments surges in response, building energy use demand has increased accordingly and solutions are needed to offset electricity used from the grid. Renewable energy systems in the form of microgrids, and grid-connected solar PV-storage are considered primary solutions for powering residential developments. The primary objectives for commissioning such systems include significant electricity cost reductions and carbon emissions abatement. Despite the proliferation of renewables, the uptake of solar and battery storage systems in communities and multi-residential buildings are less researched in the literature, and many uncertainties remain in terms of providing an optimal solution. This literature review uses the rapid review technique, an industry and societal issue-based version of the systematic literature review, to identify the case for microgrids for multi-residential buildings and communities. The study describes the rapid review methodology in detail and discusses and examines the configurations and methodologies for microgrids.
Moiz Syed; Gregory Morrison. A Rapid Review on Community Connected Microgrids. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6753 .
AMA StyleMoiz Syed, Gregory Morrison. A Rapid Review on Community Connected Microgrids. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (12):6753.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMoiz Syed; Gregory Morrison. 2021. "A Rapid Review on Community Connected Microgrids." Sustainability 13, no. 12: 6753.
Rooftop solar photovoltaics (PV) are accelerating the transition towards low carbon electricity systems in many countries, particularly in Australia. This review paper provides an overview of the (1) technical, (2) economic, (3) socio-political, and (4) regulatory and institutional aspects that should be considered concurrently when navigating the transition towards a rooftop PV-dominated electricity system. We consider the suitability of two prominent long-range transitions theories for understanding the importance and interaction of elements within these four aspects during the transition. The multi-level perspective (MLP) of transitions theory is considered best suited for this task as it addresses fundamental shifts in the socio-technical systems, rather than being weighted towards technological and/or economic solutions. We find that relatively little research has been undertaken where the renewable energy transition is being driven by the uptake of rooftop PV within the distribution network of established islanded electricity systems. These islanded electricity systems will be the first to experience system impacts from high levels of rooftop PV. This review provides further analysis of important gaps in understanding the rooftop-PV-led energy transition and the implications for policy makers in maintaining stable electricity supplies during the transition.
Sam Wilkinson; Michele John; Gregory Morrison. Rooftop PV and the Renewable Energy Transition; a Review of Driving Forces and Analytical Frameworks. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5613 .
AMA StyleSam Wilkinson, Michele John, Gregory Morrison. Rooftop PV and the Renewable Energy Transition; a Review of Driving Forces and Analytical Frameworks. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (10):5613.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSam Wilkinson; Michele John; Gregory Morrison. 2021. "Rooftop PV and the Renewable Energy Transition; a Review of Driving Forces and Analytical Frameworks." Sustainability 13, no. 10: 5613.
The recent rapid development of building automation systems (BAS) implies a need to identify appropriate technologies for retrofitting into homes and offices without replacing entire existing systems. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to identify research trends and patterns in BAS. To achieve this aim, a systematic literature review of BAS was conducted using topic specific keywords to categorise and summarise relevant studies. A meta-analysis followed to quantify results from collected articles. The articles were categorised into the following groups: (a) building automation architecture, (b) benefits of building automation, and (c) motivations and interactions with occupants. The results of the systematic literature review are integrated into a new research framework that highlights the importance of integrative feedback loops. The novel research framework considers qualitative and quantitative system feedback loops, which can lead to an increase in occupant acceptance as well as an uptake of BAS for industry.
Timothy O'Grady; Heap-Yih Chong; Gregory M. Morrison. A systematic review and meta-analysis of building automation systems. Building and Environment 2021, 195, 107770 .
AMA StyleTimothy O'Grady, Heap-Yih Chong, Gregory M. Morrison. A systematic review and meta-analysis of building automation systems. Building and Environment. 2021; 195 ():107770.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTimothy O'Grady; Heap-Yih Chong; Gregory M. Morrison. 2021. "A systematic review and meta-analysis of building automation systems." Building and Environment 195, no. : 107770.
Common property (CP) is a significant consumer of electricity in apartment buildings. Although some apartments in Australia have adopted shared microgrid configurations to offset grid consumption, the characteristics and load patterns of CP are rarely discussed due to lack of available data. As common areas normally constitute part of owner corporations, energy distribution in these premises requires attention. This paper presents empirical analysis of the CP load connected to shared solar and battery storage for three apartment complexes located in Perth Australia. Load patterns for CP over a defined dataset period were analyzed, and grid usage reduction was examined by implementing and comparing three energy allocation strategies based on surplus energy utilization. The findings indicated significant grid usage reduction for CP load in different apartments after implementation of three strategies. Instantaneous consumption decreased 72%, and surplus allocation strategy reduced 91%, while consumption-based allocation reduced 76%, of grid electricity. Moreover, consumption-based allocation offered improved cost benefits compared to the other two strategies. The results further revealed the usefulness of energy allocation and effectiveness of surplus energy utilization. Based on outcomes, the strategies provide consolidation with conventional energy trading mechanisms and broadly link to the virtual power plant concept for coordinating energy flows between multiple generators.
Moiz Masood Syed; Gregory M. Morrison; James Darbyshire. Energy Allocation Strategies for Common Property Load Connected to Shared Solar and Battery Storage Systems in Strata Apartments. Energies 2020, 13, 6137 .
AMA StyleMoiz Masood Syed, Gregory M. Morrison, James Darbyshire. Energy Allocation Strategies for Common Property Load Connected to Shared Solar and Battery Storage Systems in Strata Apartments. Energies. 2020; 13 (22):6137.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMoiz Masood Syed; Gregory M. Morrison; James Darbyshire. 2020. "Energy Allocation Strategies for Common Property Load Connected to Shared Solar and Battery Storage Systems in Strata Apartments." Energies 13, no. 22: 6137.
This research explores how tourist site management and human attitudes and behaviours can help decrease the pressure of tourism on the environment. Estimates show that, together with ancillary sectors, the tourism industry is expected to contribute approximately 6.5 gigatons of greenhouse gases by 2025. These emissions are primarily a result of tourists favouring air travel and luxury experiences that require more energy outputs. Additionally, tourism continues to grow and has become a routine activity for the middle class who travel more regularly on an annual basis. With growing middle classes in many developing countries, the number of tourists who will be able to afford recreational travel is estimated to increase exponentially. The pressures and demands of increasing tourist numbers can strain vulnerable natural sites. These predictions show that changes within the tourism industry fabric are necessary. Against this backdrop, this research employs a combined methodology. A survey methodology was employed to explore tourist attitudes towards tourism sites and their behaviours and decision making with a top-down and bottom-up approach. Additionally, an interview methodology of tourism field experts was employed to investigate the attitudes of the industry and how consumer behaviours may be influenced. Findings from the survey and interview discussions were employed to inform four managerial aspects. First, the ticket price of the tourist experience should be proportional to the value proposition of the experience. Second, a government-led framework could guide businesses towards sustainable management and educate their tourists on greener practices. Third, businesses could integrate sustainability issues into their marketing and advertising to create awareness and ensure the longevity of the site. Lastly, tourism bodies and businesses could increase their partnerships with local custodians to add cultural value and understand the visitor experience.
Robert Mackay; Roberto Minunno; Gregory Morrison. Strategic Decisions for Sustainable Management at Significant Tourist Sites. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8988 .
AMA StyleRobert Mackay, Roberto Minunno, Gregory Morrison. Strategic Decisions for Sustainable Management at Significant Tourist Sites. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (21):8988.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRobert Mackay; Roberto Minunno; Gregory Morrison. 2020. "Strategic Decisions for Sustainable Management at Significant Tourist Sites." Sustainability 12, no. 21: 8988.
More than 2 million houses in Australia have installed solar photovoltaic (PV) systems; however, apartment buildings have adopted a low percentage of solar PV and battery storage installations. Given that grid usage reduction through PV and battery storage is a primary objective in most residential buildings, apartments have not yet fully benefited from installations of such systems. This research presents shared microgrid configurations for three apartment buildings with PV and battery storage and evaluates the reduction in grid electricity usage by analyzing self-sufficiency. The results reveal that the three studied sites at White Gum Valley achieved an overall self-sufficiency of more than 60%. Owing to the infancy of the shared solar and battery storage market for apartment complexes and lack of available data, this study fills the research gap by presenting preliminary quantitative findings from implementation in apartment buildings.
Moiz Masood Syed; Gregory M. Morrison; James Darbyshire. Shared Solar and Battery Storage Configuration Effectiveness for Reducing the Grid Reliance of Apartment Complexes. Energies 2020, 13, 4820 .
AMA StyleMoiz Masood Syed, Gregory M. Morrison, James Darbyshire. Shared Solar and Battery Storage Configuration Effectiveness for Reducing the Grid Reliance of Apartment Complexes. Energies. 2020; 13 (18):4820.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMoiz Masood Syed; Gregory M. Morrison; James Darbyshire. 2020. "Shared Solar and Battery Storage Configuration Effectiveness for Reducing the Grid Reliance of Apartment Complexes." Energies 13, no. 18: 4820.
Energy efficient buildings are viewed as one of the solutions to reduce carbon emissions from the built environment. However, studies worldwide indicate that there is a significant gap between building energy targets (as-designed) and the actual measured building energy consumption (as-built). Several underlying causes for the energy performance gap have been identified at all stages of the building life cycle. Focus is generally on the post-occupancy stage of the building life cycle. However, issues relating to the construction and commissioning stages of the building are a major concern, though not usually researched. There is uncertainty on how to address the as-designed versus as-built gap. The objective of this review article is to identify causes for the energy performance gap in buildings in relation to the post-design and pre-occupancy stages and review proposed solutions. The methodology applied in this research is the rapid review, which is a variant of the systematic literature review method. Findings suggest that causes for discrepancies between as-designed and as-built energy performance during the construction and commissioning stages relate to a lack of knowledge and skills, lack of communication between stakeholders and a lack of accountability for building performance post-occupancy. Recommendations to close this gap during this period include better training, improved communication standards, collaboration, energy evaluations based on post-occupancy performance, transparency of building performance, improved testing and verification and reviewed building standards.
Christine Eon; Jessica Breadsell; Joshua Byrne; Gregory Morrison. The Discrepancy between As-Built and As-Designed in Energy Efficient Buildings: A Rapid Review. Sustainability 2020, 12, 6372 .
AMA StyleChristine Eon, Jessica Breadsell, Joshua Byrne, Gregory Morrison. The Discrepancy between As-Built and As-Designed in Energy Efficient Buildings: A Rapid Review. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (16):6372.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChristine Eon; Jessica Breadsell; Joshua Byrne; Gregory Morrison. 2020. "The Discrepancy between As-Built and As-Designed in Energy Efficient Buildings: A Rapid Review." Sustainability 12, no. 16: 6372.
Recent research indicates that circular economy practices have the potential to provide significant environmental benefits. In particular, recycling has been associated with reductions of greenhouse gas emissions. However, in this study, the authors posit that in a building context, environmental benefits of reuse practices could far surpass recycling. To test this, we evaluated the environmental benefits of a prototype and purpose-built, modular building designed for disassembly and reuse through a life cycle assessment of its components. We then compared the results of our life cycle assessment with the results of a contemporary construction approach with a focus on the recyclability of materials. Our results indicate that, compared to recycling, designing and building for reuse components offsets greenhouse gas emissions by 88% while also benefiting several other tested environmental indicators. Our findings help guide the judicious adoption of practices to reduce buildings’ waste production and greenhouse gas emissions.
Roberto Minunno; Timothy O'Grady; Gregory M. Morrison; Richard L. Gruner. Exploring environmental benefits of reuse and recycle practices: A circular economy case study of a modular building. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2020, 160, 104855 .
AMA StyleRoberto Minunno, Timothy O'Grady, Gregory M. Morrison, Richard L. Gruner. Exploring environmental benefits of reuse and recycle practices: A circular economy case study of a modular building. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 2020; 160 ():104855.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRoberto Minunno; Timothy O'Grady; Gregory M. Morrison; Richard L. Gruner. 2020. "Exploring environmental benefits of reuse and recycle practices: A circular economy case study of a modular building." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 160, no. : 104855.
Peer-to-peer (P2P) electricity markets have attracted significant attention as a promising model enabling the integration of distributed energy sources by creating consumer-based electricity markets. Despite the significance of users in this model, knowledge is still lacking as to who the users interested in P2P electricity markets are and what role they can play in building them. We aim to fill this knowledge gap by providing evidence from the first real-world trial of a P2P electricity market facilitated by blockchain technology across a regulated electricity network. We apply sustainability transition and innovation thinking to analyse the trial participants as users shaping the P2P-related innovation process. Supported by our empirical results, we found that users joined the P2P market trial to learn and co-create the future of prosumer-centred electricity markets. We also found that if P2P is to enter the mainstream market, the assistance of other actors (e.g., intermediaries and activists) is important in order to cross the chasm to reach the majority of users and move from a learning and probing phase to breakthrough and wide diffusion.
Sam Wilkinson; Kristina Hojckova; Christine Eon; Gregory M. Morrison; Björn Sandén. Is peer-to-peer electricity trading empowering users? Evidence on motivations and roles in a prosumer business model trial in Australia. Energy Research & Social Science 2020, 66, 101500 .
AMA StyleSam Wilkinson, Kristina Hojckova, Christine Eon, Gregory M. Morrison, Björn Sandén. Is peer-to-peer electricity trading empowering users? Evidence on motivations and roles in a prosumer business model trial in Australia. Energy Research & Social Science. 2020; 66 ():101500.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSam Wilkinson; Kristina Hojckova; Christine Eon; Gregory M. Morrison; Björn Sandén. 2020. "Is peer-to-peer electricity trading empowering users? Evidence on motivations and roles in a prosumer business model trial in Australia." Energy Research & Social Science 66, no. : 101500.
Improved building energy efficiency has been shown to contribute substantially to global greenhouse gas abatement objectives. Realisation of these benefits depends on the deployment of appropriate policy instruments. Building energy codes have the potential to deliver economic, environmental, societal and other strategic benefits. Australia’s high per capita greenhouse emissions and rates of building construction provide a national case study in climate policy development. Insights into reform of Australia’s National Construction Code also provide evidence-based analysis of the efficacy of market-based energy efficiency measures, demonstrating that building energy codes are a cost-effective greenhouse emission reduction instrument and also that market failures inhibit the effectiveness of conventional economic instruments in reducing building sector greenhouse emissions. Although building energy codes do provide a potentially transformative intervention in the property market, their effectiveness is bedevilled by problems with enforcement and stakeholder behaviour in service. Addressing these impediments calls for targeted policy packages to bridge identified gaps between presumptive building performance objectives and outcomes actually observed in practice.
Robert A. Enker; Gregory M. Morrison. The potential contribution of building codes to climate change response policies for the built environment. Energy Efficiency 2020, 13, 789 -807.
AMA StyleRobert A. Enker, Gregory M. Morrison. The potential contribution of building codes to climate change response policies for the built environment. Energy Efficiency. 2020; 13 (4):789-807.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRobert A. Enker; Gregory M. Morrison. 2020. "The potential contribution of building codes to climate change response policies for the built environment." Energy Efficiency 13, no. 4: 789-807.
Loss of green space in our suburban environment is contributing to increased urban heat. The material properties of surface treatments or landscape elements (LEs) are a determining factor in the amount, timing, and type of radiation present in the local environment. Landscape designers can use this information to better design for urban heat management, as emitted and reflected radiation (radiosity) from LEs can affect pedestrians via heat stress and glare and affect energy usage in buildings and houses if the landscape sky view factor is low. Low-cost black painted iButton temperature sensors were successfully used as radiometers to concurrently measure the daytime radiosity from 19 LEs samples located on an oval in the warm temperate climate of Perth, (Australia). Normalisation against gloss white paint on polystyrene removed the effect of varying weather conditions. Each LE had the same normalised average radiosity (DRav) between seasons (within ±5%), meaning the relative radiosity of new LEs can be measured on any day. White and lighter coloured LEs had the highest DRav and would have the most detrimental effect on nearby objects. Plants and moist LEs had the least DRav and would be most beneficial for managing local daytime urban heat. Measuring relative radiosity with iButtons presents a new way to examine the effect of LEs on the urban environment.
Jane Loveday; Grant K. Loveday; Joshua J. Byrne; Boon-Lay Ong; Gregory M. Morrison. Radiosity from Individual Urban Landscape Elements Measured Using a Modified Low-Cost Temperature Sensor. Urban Science 2020, 4, 14 .
AMA StyleJane Loveday, Grant K. Loveday, Joshua J. Byrne, Boon-Lay Ong, Gregory M. Morrison. Radiosity from Individual Urban Landscape Elements Measured Using a Modified Low-Cost Temperature Sensor. Urban Science. 2020; 4 (1):14.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJane Loveday; Grant K. Loveday; Joshua J. Byrne; Boon-Lay Ong; Gregory M. Morrison. 2020. "Radiosity from Individual Urban Landscape Elements Measured Using a Modified Low-Cost Temperature Sensor." Urban Science 4, no. 1: 14.
Urban infill can lead to increased urban air and surface temperatures. Landscape elements (LEs) which can maintain cooler surface temperatures also reduce night-time re-emission of heat; however, reflected solar radiation (albedo) from these LEs during the day potentially increases heat loads on nearby objects, pedestrians or buildings. Albedo is traditionally measured using two pyranometers, however their expense can be prohibitive for researchers and landscape professionals. A low cost albedometer was developed consisting of a pair of black- and white-painted temperature sensors (Thermochron® iButtons). The albedos of 14 LEs typically found in suburban landscapes in Perth, Western Australia, were measured. Three approaches were tested: The first two used white-painted polystyrene (WPP) as a reference (one taking view factors into account, and one ignoring the albedo of the background material), whilst the third approach used upwards-facing iButtons as a reference, similar to conventional pyranometer methods. The WPP approaches controlled for weather effects, providing a consistent albedo over a longer daytime period than recommended by the standard ASTM-E1918-16. Measured albedos were similar to literature values. This instrument could be used as an alternative to more expensive pyranometers and could assist landscape professionals to design for, and manage, urban heat.
Jane Loveday; Grant K. Loveday; Joshua J. Byrne; Boon-Lay Ong; Gregory M. Morrison. Modified iButtons: A Low-Cost Instrument to Measure the Albedo of Landscape Elements. Sustainability 2019, 11, 6896 .
AMA StyleJane Loveday, Grant K. Loveday, Joshua J. Byrne, Boon-Lay Ong, Gregory M. Morrison. Modified iButtons: A Low-Cost Instrument to Measure the Albedo of Landscape Elements. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (24):6896.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJane Loveday; Grant K. Loveday; Joshua J. Byrne; Boon-Lay Ong; Gregory M. Morrison. 2019. "Modified iButtons: A Low-Cost Instrument to Measure the Albedo of Landscape Elements." Sustainability 11, no. 24: 6896.
The practices and behaviours of individuals influences resource consumption at many scales and are shaped by a multitude of psychological, social, and technical factors. This conceptual paper examines the differences between socio-psychological and social practice theories, building on the Chalk and Cheese debate in the literature. Insight is provided into their potential value in understanding resource consumption studies at different scales: the individual, the home, community, and societal. Each theory has its own qualitative and quantitative methods which allude to different conclusions and recommendations for resource consumption initiatives. We review the debate surrounding the application of both theories, adding our voice to the potential for both theories to be used at different scales and for different time periods, along with comments on the interlocking nature of practices. Design and technology changes can lead to quicker changes in behaviour and practices, whereby socio-psychological theories offer insights into changes in mind frame, values, and social norms.
Jessica K. Breadsell; Christine Eon; Gregory M. Morrison. Understanding Resource Consumption in the Home, Community and Society through Behaviour and Social Practice Theories. Sustainability 2019, 11, 6513 .
AMA StyleJessica K. Breadsell, Christine Eon, Gregory M. Morrison. Understanding Resource Consumption in the Home, Community and Society through Behaviour and Social Practice Theories. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (22):6513.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJessica K. Breadsell; Christine Eon; Gregory M. Morrison. 2019. "Understanding Resource Consumption in the Home, Community and Society through Behaviour and Social Practice Theories." Sustainability 11, no. 22: 6513.
Reducing carbon emissions from the building sector is an international policy priority, as a consequence of the Paris Climate Accord obligations. The challenge for policy makers is to identify and deploy effective policy instruments targeting this sector. Examining the mechanics of policy operation in the residential sector is particularly instructive, because of the high level of building activity, diverse stakeholders, and complex policy considerations—involving both consumers and industry stakeholders. Energy policy initiatives undertaken by the European Union provide pertinent case studies; as does the operation of Australia’s national building code. The paper builds upon earlier research examining the application of socio-economic transition theory to the regulation of the building sector. Here, building policy options are examined from a behavioral economics perspective, where stakeholder actions in response to strategic initiatives are considered in socio-psychological terms. The application of behavioral economics principles to building policy has the potential to impact all of the stages of the building lifecycle, from design through construction to operation. The analysis reveals how decision-making by building industry stakeholders diverges substantially from the assumptions of conventional economics. Significant implications then arise for the framing of building sector climate and energy policies, because behavioral economics has the potential to both contribute to the critical re-appraisal of current policies, and also to provide innovative options for refining interventions at key stages in the building lifecycle.
Robert A. Enker; Gregory M. Morrison. Behavioral Facilitation of a Transition to Energy Efficient and Low-Carbon Residential Buildings. Buildings 2019, 9, 226 .
AMA StyleRobert A. Enker, Gregory M. Morrison. Behavioral Facilitation of a Transition to Energy Efficient and Low-Carbon Residential Buildings. Buildings. 2019; 9 (11):226.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRobert A. Enker; Gregory M. Morrison. 2019. "Behavioral Facilitation of a Transition to Energy Efficient and Low-Carbon Residential Buildings." Buildings 9, no. 11: 226.
This article argues that the need for a better understanding of socio-technical interactions in shared renewable energy systems (SRESs) is exacerbated by the relevance of digital technologies to their governance. Addressing the question of how the use of digital technology affects system governance, this study applies the social-ecological system framework to a case study in Perth, Western Australia. The analysis finds that although the digital element enables the sharing of energy in the case study, it also increases the complexity of the social subsystem. While technology is often heralded as the solution, successful governance of digitally enabled SRESs may be more dependent on recognizing the importance and complexity of social interactions needed to manage the technology. The findings of the study are useful in developing and implementing appropriate governance mechanisms for SRESs in Australia and other parts of the world.
Paula Hansen; Gregory M. Morrison; Atiq Zaman; Xin Liu. Smart technology needs smarter management: Disentangling the dynamics of digitalism in the governance of shared solar energy in Australia. Energy Research & Social Science 2019, 60, 101322 .
AMA StylePaula Hansen, Gregory M. Morrison, Atiq Zaman, Xin Liu. Smart technology needs smarter management: Disentangling the dynamics of digitalism in the governance of shared solar energy in Australia. Energy Research & Social Science. 2019; 60 ():101322.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaula Hansen; Gregory M. Morrison; Atiq Zaman; Xin Liu. 2019. "Smart technology needs smarter management: Disentangling the dynamics of digitalism in the governance of shared solar energy in Australia." Energy Research & Social Science 60, no. : 101322.
This research comprises a longitudinal study of a cohort of residents moving into a low-carbon development and their pre- and post-occupancy household practices that consume energy and water. They are the early adopters of living in low-carbon households and provide valuable insight into the influence of design and technology on household practices. Household energy and water consumption levels are measured and normalised to the metropolitan average to discuss the influence of design and technology on use. Heating, cooling and showering practices consume the largest proportion of household energy and water use and so the changes to thermal comfort and personal hygiene practices are examined along with a consideration of the influence of lifestyle and family composition on cooling practices. Household water and energy use decreases due to technology and design influences post-occupancy. However, the personal practice history of residents influences water and energy consumption. Changes to the meaning element of personal hygiene practices show how these are interlocked and unlikely to change in their duration when there are other demanding practices to be undertaken.
Jessica K. Breadsell; Joshua J. Byrne; Gregory M. Morrison. Household Energy and Water Practices Change Post-Occupancy in an Australian Low-Carbon Development. Sustainability 2019, 11, 5559 .
AMA StyleJessica K. Breadsell, Joshua J. Byrne, Gregory M. Morrison. Household Energy and Water Practices Change Post-Occupancy in an Australian Low-Carbon Development. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (20):5559.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJessica K. Breadsell; Joshua J. Byrne; Gregory M. Morrison. 2019. "Household Energy and Water Practices Change Post-Occupancy in an Australian Low-Carbon Development." Sustainability 11, no. 20: 5559.
In the context of the Urban Heat Island effect, landscape professionals need practical guidance to design for managing surface urban heat. The apparent surface temperatures of samples of 19 hard and soft landscape elements (LEs) found in Perth (Australia) were measured. Thermal images of LE samples on an oval were taken at a 1 m height. The study was conducted in two phases. Phase 1 LE surface temperatures relative to ambient (ΔT) were measured over one day in all four seasons. LEs were ranked by average ΔT, and maintained a similar order across seasons, with summer LEs the hottest. Some LEs were 30–44 °C above ambient in spring and autumn, so these seasons are also significant. Phase 2 repeated the summer test, but used only 14 larger LEs, which were well-coupled to the ground, i.e. more representative of in situ LEs. ΔT values were averaged over daytime and evening periods. Larger LEs were generally hotter than corresponding smaller LEs, with the effect more evident for heavier, denser LEs in the evenings. Future tests should be performed as per phase 2. Averaged measured values of grey pavers were the hottest, whilst ground-cover plants were the coolest. In the evening, grey pavers were also the hottest, whilst decking, soil and turf grass were the coolest. This data will help landscape professionals to assess and compare the thermal performance of different landscape designs, particularly when considering the time of use.
Jane Loveday; Grant Loveday; Joshua J. Byrne; Boon-Lay Ong; Gregory M. Morrison. Seasonal and Diurnal Surface Temperatures of Urban Landscape Elements. Sustainability 2019, 11, 5280 .
AMA StyleJane Loveday, Grant Loveday, Joshua J. Byrne, Boon-Lay Ong, Gregory M. Morrison. Seasonal and Diurnal Surface Temperatures of Urban Landscape Elements. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (19):5280.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJane Loveday; Grant Loveday; Joshua J. Byrne; Boon-Lay Ong; Gregory M. Morrison. 2019. "Seasonal and Diurnal Surface Temperatures of Urban Landscape Elements." Sustainability 11, no. 19: 5280.
There is some understanding of how an individual’s daily practices consume resources in the home, but the home as a space itself and peoples’ relationships to it remain an interesting research area. In this paper, residents of an Australian low-carbon development (LCD) are studied in order to discover the expectations and motivations driving them to move to their new home, the emotional landscape of the home, and their subsequent experiences living in an LCD. This exploration through mixed methods and a post-occupancy evaluation enables a longitudinal empirical study of the motivations, perceptions, expectations and experiences of an LCD residence. This study aims to further conceptualize the social understanding of a home and what people consider when moving into an LCD, along with the post-occupancy experiences that are important for establishing LCDs in the future. The results show that a home is associated with being a place of community, sustainability, safety and comfort, as well as a place that incorporates aesthetically pleasing features. The motivation for residents moving into an LCD is to have housing stability, live the life they want (including performing sustainable practices) and enjoy the attractive design of the LCD. The user experiences of living in an LCD include unexpected design influences on daily practices and an appreciation of the community atmosphere created. The strong sense of community and the self-reported thermally comfortable homes met residents’ expectations post-occupancy. This research is of interest to academics in the low-carbon and social science sectors, real-estate agents and property developers, as it provides insight into motivations and expectations of low-carbon dwelling residents.
Jessica K. Breadsell; Joshua J. Byrne; Gregory Morrison. Pre- and Post-Occupancy Evaluation of Resident Motivations for and Experiences of Establishing a Home in a Low-Carbon Development. Sustainability 2019, 11, 3970 .
AMA StyleJessica K. Breadsell, Joshua J. Byrne, Gregory Morrison. Pre- and Post-Occupancy Evaluation of Resident Motivations for and Experiences of Establishing a Home in a Low-Carbon Development. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (14):3970.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJessica K. Breadsell; Joshua J. Byrne; Gregory Morrison. 2019. "Pre- and Post-Occupancy Evaluation of Resident Motivations for and Experiences of Establishing a Home in a Low-Carbon Development." Sustainability 11, no. 14: 3970.
Urbanization is a defining feature of the modern age, yet the current model of urban development profoundly alters the natural environment, often reducing biodiversity and ultimately threatening human wellbeing. An ecologically based urban planning and design paradigm should consider a more harmonious relationship. Through a systematic literature review of 57 papers, this research identified relevant concepts and theories that could underpin this new paradigm. It revealed a noticeable increase in academic interest in this subject since 2013 and the development of concepts and theories that reflect a more holistic socio-ecological systems approach to urban planning and design based on a transdisciplinary integration and synthesis of research. Seven main themes underpin the academic literature: ecosystem services, socio-ecological systems, resilience, biodiversity, landscape, green infrastructure, as well as integrated and holistic approaches. Six of these can be organised into either a sustainability stream or a spatial stream, representing the foundations of a potential new ecological urban planning and design paradigm that applies sustainability-related concepts in a spatial setting. The final theme, integrated and holistic, includes concepts that reflect the fundamental characteristics of this new paradigm, which can be termed ‘urban consonance’.
Angela Heymans; Jessica Breadsell; Gregory Morrison; Joshua Byrne; Christine Eon. Ecological Urban Planning and Design: A Systematic Literature Review. Sustainability 2019, 11, 3723 .
AMA StyleAngela Heymans, Jessica Breadsell, Gregory Morrison, Joshua Byrne, Christine Eon. Ecological Urban Planning and Design: A Systematic Literature Review. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (13):3723.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAngela Heymans; Jessica Breadsell; Gregory Morrison; Joshua Byrne; Christine Eon. 2019. "Ecological Urban Planning and Design: A Systematic Literature Review." Sustainability 11, no. 13: 3723.