On 29 January 2019, the collapse of a mine roof resulted in a significant surface deformation and generated a tremor with a magnitude of 4.6 in Rudna Mine, Poland. This study combines the seismological and geodetic monitoring of the event. Data from local and regional seismological networks were used to estimate the mechanism of the source and the ground motion caused by the earthquake. Global Navigation Satellite System data, collected at 10 Hz, and processed as a long-term time-series of daily coordinates solutions and short-term high frequency oscillations, are in good agreement with the seismological outputs, having detected several more tremors. The range and dynamics of the deformed surface area were monitored using satellite radar techniques for slow and fast motion detection. The radar data revealed that a 2-km² area was affected in the six days after the collapse and that there was an increase in the post-event rate of subsidence.

Satellite transmission of orbit and clock corrections is critical for real-time positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT), geoscience applications, safety, and liability critical services based on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs) precise positioning. In response to such a demand, Galileo has established a high accuracy service (HAS) of almost global coverage for GPS and Galileo. We validate the quality of HAS corrections and investigate service performance in a variety of applications. Decimeter-level accuracy of HAS corrections leads to static and kinematic positioning with precision of a few centimeters and sub-decimeters, respectively, and timing precision of a single nanosecond. Other GNSS-derived products meet the requirements of real-time GNSS meteorology and allow for monitoring coseismic vibrations. Although other internet correction streams offer superior results, HAS provides better performance than nominal and nearly global coverage.

High-rate GNSS has been proven effective in characterising waveforms and co-seismic displacements due to medium-to-strong natural earthquakes. No application focused on small magnitude events like shallow anthropogenic earthquakes, where displacements and noise have the same order of magnitude. We propose a procedure based on proper signal detection and filtering of the position and velocity time series obtained from high-rate (10 Hz) GNSS data processing with two intrinsically different approaches (Precise Point Positioning and variometry). We tested it on five mining tremors with magnitudes of 3.4–4.0, looking both at event detection and its kinematic characterisation. Here we show a high agreement, at the level of 1 s, between GNSS and seismic solutions for the earthquake first epoch detection. Also, we show that high-rate multi-constellation (GPS + Galileo) GNSS can reliably characterise low-magnitude shallow earthquakes in terms of induced displacements and velocities, and, including their peak values, respectively, at the level of very few millimetres and 1–2 cm/s, paving the way to the routine use of GNSS-seismology for monitoring human activities prone to cause small earthquakes and related potential damages.

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs) are one of the techniques that can be used for the deformation monitoring caused by earthquakes. GNSSs enable the monitoring of specific areas affected by earthquakes in real-time and post-processing modes. This paper provides a novel method for the short-term displacement detection based on the phase residuals of GNSS observations. The study examines a natural earthquake from October 26, 2016, in Italy with Mw 6.1. In the proposed methodology, the residuals of the GNSS phase observations are derived using Precise Point Positioning. Then, residuals are transformed to the frequency domain using a wavelet transform, and the earthquake moment is identified using the anomalies detected in the scalogram, which do not appear in stable conditions. The described methodology allows for detecting the starting and ending moments of the earthquake. The methods described detected that the moment of the earthquake is visible in the residues 8 seconds after the seismic catalog time. The conducted experiments show that the use of signal analysis tools allows it to properly detect the ground vibrations in the residuals of GNSS phase observations and thus confirms the registration of ground vibrations in satellite observation data recorded by a GNSS receiver.