Introduction:The ethyl acetate fraction of the Saudi Lavandula coronopifolia Poir has been previously reported to have hepatoprotective activity against ethanol-induced oxidative stress. The aim of the current study was to investigate the chemical composition, cytotoxic effect, and antioxidant activities of ethyl acetate fraction of the aerial parts of SaudiL. coronopifoliaPoir.Methods:Air dried aerial parts ofL. coronopifoliawere extracted using 90% ethyl alcohol. The dried extract was suspended in water, defatted with light petroleum and then fractionated with ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate fraction was subjected to ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometeric (UPLC-ESI/MS/MS) analysis in a negative ionization mode. The antioxidant activity of the fraction was determined using free radical 2,2-diphyenyl-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay and its cytotoxic effect against HepG2 (human hepatocarcinoma) and MCF-7 (human breast carcinoma) cells were determined using (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) tetrazolium (MTT) cell viability assay.Results:The major components of the ethyl acetate fraction included carvacrol-O-diglucoside, (34.98%) and trihydroxy ursolic acid (12.07%). Moreover, the DPPH radical scavenging activity of ethyl acetate fraction was measured. The ethyl acetate fraction revealed an antioxidant potential with EC₅₀17.8 ± 1.3 µg/mL. Additionally, he ethyl acetate fraction showed cytotoxic activity against HepG-2 and MCF-7 cells with IC₅₀=29.3 ± 0.9 µg/mL and 14.6 ± 0.3 µg/mL, respectively.Conclusion:The ethyl acetate fraction of the SaudiL. coronopifoliahas antioxidant activity and also cytotoxic activity against breast and liver cancer cells.

Phytoconstituents Profile and UPLC-ESI-MS/MS Analysis of Centaurea pumilio L. Callus Culture Following Elicitation

Citrus fruits are among the most important economical crops, because of their nutritional value, medicinal importance, and unique flavor. Gas liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry of the hydro-distilled oil from the root resulted in the identification of 110 compounds with germacrene B (22%), aromadendrene (21.6%), α-santalene (7.1%), geijerene (4,81%), germacrene D (4.3%), and limonene (3.4%) as major constituents. In addition, chemical profiling the dichloromethane fraction of the root analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-photo diode array detector-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry afforded the identification of 43 compounds belonging to acridone alkaloids, coumarins, and flavonoids. Moreover, xanthyletin, citracridone I and II, clausarin, O-methylcitrusinine-I, and grandisinine were isolated as major metabolites using column chromatography and characterized depending on different spectroscopic techniques. Xanthyletin and citracridone I were investigated for their in vitro cytotoxicity against hepatocellular carcinoma and breast adenocarcinoma cell lines, and in vivo protective effect against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and cardiotoxicity in different dose levels in a rat model. Xanthyletin and citracridone I showed protective activity against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. It attenuated cisplatin-induced elevation of both serum urea and creatinine in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, xanthyletin attenuated cisplatin-induced elevation of malondialdehyde and glutathione in both renal and cardiac tissues. Graphical abstract

Nature is considered an indispensable source of natural products and natural products-derived drug leads. Over the last decade, the use of natural products-based medicine (herbal medicine or phytomedicine) has increased tremendously worldwide especially with the exceeding prevalence of metabolic disorders. Metabolic disorders are the major worldwide epidemic associated with obesity, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases associated with hyperlipidemia, and many other endocrine and nutrition-related issues. Since metabolic disorders are multi-factorial in their pathophysiology, they can be targeted by natural products that have synergy between diverse metabolites. Therefore, it is important to find the proper formulas not only for the treatment but also for reduction of associated risks and for prophylaxis and prevention of long-term complications. At the present work, a brief outline of the pathophysiology of metabolic disorders is provided. Additionally, natural productbased drug therapies that are currently applied in clinical trials attributed to metabolicrelated diseases are critically discussed.