Asthma is the most common chronic disease of childhood, characterized by symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, and coughing. With the advancement of technology, artificial intelligence applications are increasingly being used in various fields, among which ChatGPT is one of the most widely utilized. The aim of this study is to evaluate the reliability, quality, and readability of the answers provided by the ChatGPT-4o application to questions related to pediatric asthma. The ChatGPT-4o application was used to record answers to 25 of the most frequently asked questions about asthma in children. To determine the reliability of the answers, we used the Global Quality Scale and modified DISCERN tool. We tested readability using seven indices: Automated Readability Index, Flesch Reading Ease Score, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, Gunning Fog Readability Index, Simple Measure of Gobbledygook, Coleman-Liau Readability Index, and Linsear Write Formula. The answers provided by the ChatGPT-4o application to questions about childhood asthma were found to have good reliability (88% by the first evaluator and 84% by the second evaluator) and high quality (88% by both evaluators). The application scored 10.77 ± 1.58 on the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level scale, and in conjunction with the other indices, the results indicated that the answers required a high level of reading proficiency. Artificial intelligence can be a reliable tool for parents in providing information about pediatric asthma. However, these findings suggest that readability issues may hinder the clinical application of artificial intelligence-generated content in asthma diagnosis and treatment.

Background: Drug allergies are reactions within the context of drug hypersensitivity reactions, which are caused by immunological mechanisms due to a previously sensitising drug. Beta-lactam antibiotics (BLA) are the leading agents causing drug hypersensitivity reactions in children. The aim of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic importance of in vivo and in vitro diagnostic tests in children with suspected immediate-type BLA hypersensitivity and to investigate the frequency of their use for the final diagnosis. Methods: Patients admitted to the Outpatient Clinic of Division of Paediatric Allergy and Immunology with suspicion of immediate-type BLA hypersensitivity between December 2014 and December 2018 were investigated. Patients with a history of immediate reactions to BLA were examined by performing drug specific IgE, skin prick tests, intradermal tests and drug provocation tests (DPT). Results: During the study period, 148 patients were admitted to our clinic with suspected immediate-type BLA hypersensitivity. Forty-eight patients completed all assessment steps and were enrolled in the study. It has been shown that 27 patients did not have drug allergy. BLA hypersensitivity was proven in 21 patients by using in vivo test algorithm. More than half of the patients were diagnosed via skin tests with culprit drug. Conclusion: Allergy work-up should be performed in patients with immediate reactions to BLA. A skin test can demonstrate BLA hypersensitivity in most patients. Thus, skin tests should be performed prior to the drug provocation test.

Background/aim: The incidence of cat allergies in children has increased over the years. Children with cat allergies have mostly reported respiratory symptoms. The skin prick test (SPT) is the most preferred method to demonstrate sensitization to allergens. However, not all children who develop cat sensitization due to environmental exposure become allergic to cats. In our study, we aimed to determine the frequency of sensitization to cat and cat allergy, cat-related symptoms, and the cut-off value for the SPT that may indicate cat allergy. Materials and methods: Patients aged 2-18 years, who applied to the Health Sciences University İzmir Dr Behçet Uz Pediatrics and Surgery Training and Research Hospital and Balıkesir University Application and Research Hospital Pediatric Allergy outpatient clinics between January 01, 2019 and December 31, 2020, were included in the study. Patients who underwent SPT and found to be sensitized to cat allergen, were evaluated retrospectively. Clinical and laboratory findings of the patients were recorded. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was performed to determine the cut-off value for the SPT. Results: Sensitization to cat was detected in 140 (4%) out of 3499 patients who underwent SPT. The median age of the patients was 12 years (min-max: 5-18) and 67.1% were male. Eighty-eight (62.9%) patients were symptomatic upon contact with cats, predominantly with nasal symptoms. These patients had significantly larger cat SPT wheal size than asymptomatic patients. The cut-off value was determined as 5.5 mm with a sensitivity of 72.7% and a specificity of 61.5% (95% CI, 60.5%-78.4%). Symptoms resolved in about half of our patients by reducing contact with cats. Conclusion: The present study is the first to report the frequency and clinical findings of cat sensitizations and allergies in Turkish children. For effective treatment, cat allergy must be diagnosed. In this regard, the use of a practical, readily accessible 5.5 mm cut-off point on the SPT may be helpful.

Objective: In a large group of patients with primary immunodeficiency (PID), immunoglobulin replacement therapy is critical for infection control. There are two main methods of immunoglobulin replacement intravenous (IVIG) and subcutaneous (SCIG). The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of SCIG by comparing IgG levels and frequency of infections obtained during SCIG replacements in patients with PID with those obtained during IVIG administration. Method: Immunoglobulin levels of 28 patients who were followed up in our clinic with a diagnosis of PID and who started IVIG replacement and switched to SCIG replacement after follow-up, were evaluated retrospectively. Serum IgG levels and frequency of infections before starting immunoglobulin treatment, the previous year of IVIG before starting SCIG replacement, and during the first six months, second six months, and second year of SCIG replacement were compared. Results: The mean age of all the patients that received SCIG was 10.5 years (min 15 months, max 23 years) and eleven of the patients were female. The mean serum IgG level of the patients before starting immunoglobulin replacement was 701±383 mg/dl, and for the final year they received IVIG replacement before switching to SCIG replacement it was calculated to be 900±342 mg/dl. The mean value was found to be 1082±312 mg/dl in the first six months after the initiation of SCIG, 1102±287 mg/dl in the second six months, and 1145±311 mg/dl in the second year. Serum IgG levels of the patients were significantly higher during IVIG and SCIG replacement than before treatment (p<0.05). Serum IgG levels during the first six months, second six months, and second year of SCIG treatment were significantly higher than levels during IVIG treatment (p=0.000, p=0.003, and p=0.002, respectively). Conclusion: Compared to IVIG replacement, significantly higher and more stable serum IgG levels can be obtained with SCIG replacement. This is expected to ensure improved outcomes in the management of infections in PID patients.