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Prof. Hyung Seok Kim
Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea

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Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Cognitive Radio
0 sensor network
0 wireless communication
0 tactile internet
0 Machine learning and IoT

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Journal article
Published: 10 August 2021 in Applied Sciences
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The fifth-generation (5G) mobile network services are currently being made available for different use case scenarios like enhanced mobile broadband, ultra-reliable and low latency communication, and massive machine-type communication. The ever-increasing data requests from the users have shifted the communication paradigm to be based on the type of the requested data content or the so-called information-centric networking (ICN). The ICN primarily aims to enhance the performance of the network infrastructure in terms of the stretch to opt for the best routing path. Reduction in stretch merely reduces the end-to-end (E2E) latency to ensure the requirements of the 5G-enabled tactile internet (TI) services. The foremost challenge tackled by the ICN-based system is to minimize the stretch while selecting an optimal routing path. Therefore, in this work, a reinforcement learning-based intelligent stretch optimization (ISO) strategy has been proposed to reduce stretch and obtain an optimal routing path in ICN-based systems for the realization of 5G-enabled TI services. A Q-learning algorithm is utilized to explore and exploit the different routing paths within the ICN infrastructure. The problem is designed as a Markov decision process and solved with the help of the Q-learning algorithm. The simulation results indicate that the proposed strategy finds the optimal routing path for the delay-sensitive haptic-driven services of 5G-enabled TI based upon their stretch profile over ICN, such as the augmented reality /virtual reality applications. Moreover, we compare and evaluate the simulation results of propsoed ISO strategy with random routing strategy and history aware routing protocol (HARP). The proposed ISO strategy reduces 33.33% and 33.69% delay as compared to random routing and HARP, respectively. Thus, the proposed strategy suggests an optimal routing path with lesser stretch to minimize the E2E latency.

ACS Style

Hussain Ahmad; Muhammad Zubair Islam; Rashid Ali; Amir Haider; Hyungseok Kim. Intelligent Stretch Optimization in Information Centric Networking-Based Tactile Internet Applications. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 7351 .

AMA Style

Hussain Ahmad, Muhammad Zubair Islam, Rashid Ali, Amir Haider, Hyungseok Kim. Intelligent Stretch Optimization in Information Centric Networking-Based Tactile Internet Applications. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (16):7351.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hussain Ahmad; Muhammad Zubair Islam; Rashid Ali; Amir Haider; Hyungseok Kim. 2021. "Intelligent Stretch Optimization in Information Centric Networking-Based Tactile Internet Applications." Applied Sciences 11, no. 16: 7351.

Journal article
Published: 25 May 2021 in Sensors
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Recent advancements in telecommunications and the tactile Internet have paved the way for studying human senses through haptic technology. Haptic technology enables tactile sensations and control using virtual reality (VR) over a network. Researchers are developing various haptic devices to allow for real-time tactile sensation, which can be used in various industries, telesurgery, and other mission-critical operations. One of the main criteria of such devices is extremely low latency, as low as 1 ms. Although researchers are attempting to develop haptic devices with low latency, there remains a need to improve latency and robustness to hand sizes. In this paper, a low-latency haptic open glove (LLHOG) based on a rotary position sensor and min-max scaling (MMS) filter is proposed to realize immersive VR interaction. The proposed device detects finger flexion/extension and adduction/abduction motions using two position sensors located in the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint. The sensor data are processed using an MMS filter to enable low latency and ensure high accuracy. Moreover, the MMS filter is used to process object handling control data to enable hand motion-tracking. Its performance is evaluated in terms of accuracy, latency, and robustness to finger length variations. We achieved a very low processing delay of 145.37 μs per finger and overall hand motion-tracking latency of 4 ms. Moreover, we tested the proposed glove with 10 subjects and achieved an average mean absolute error (MAE) of 3.091 for flexion/extension, and 2.068 for adduction/abduction. The proposed method is therefore superior to the existing methods in terms of the above factors for immersive VR interaction.

ACS Style

Donghyun Sim; Yoonchul Baek; Minjeong Cho; Sunghoon Park; A. Sagar; Hyung Kim. Low-Latency Haptic Open Glove for Immersive Virtual Reality Interaction. Sensors 2021, 21, 3682 .

AMA Style

Donghyun Sim, Yoonchul Baek, Minjeong Cho, Sunghoon Park, A. Sagar, Hyung Kim. Low-Latency Haptic Open Glove for Immersive Virtual Reality Interaction. Sensors. 2021; 21 (11):3682.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Donghyun Sim; Yoonchul Baek; Minjeong Cho; Sunghoon Park; A. Sagar; Hyung Kim. 2021. "Low-Latency Haptic Open Glove for Immersive Virtual Reality Interaction." Sensors 21, no. 11: 3682.

Journal article
Published: 29 April 2021 in Sensors
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As COVID-19 solidifies its presence in everyday life, the interest in mental health is growing, resulting in the necessity of sentiment analysis. A smart mirror is suitable for encouraging mental comfort due to its approachability and scalability as an in-home AI device. From the aspect of natural language processing (NLP), sentiment analysis for Korean lacks an emotion dataset regarding everyday conversation. Its significant differences from English in terms of language structure make implementation challenging. The proposed smart mirror LUX provides Korean text sentiment analysis with the deep learning model, which examines GRU, LSTM, CNN, Bi-LSTM, and Bi-GRU networks. There are four emotional labels: anger, sadness, neutral, and happiness. For each emotion, there are three possible interactive responses: reciting wise sayings, playing music, and sympathizing. The implemented smart mirror also includes more-typical functions, such as a wake-up prompt, a weather reporting function, a calendar, a news reporting function, and a clock.

ACS Style

Hyona Yu; Jihyun Bae; Jiyeon Choi; Hyungseok Kim. LUX: Smart Mirror with Sentiment Analysis for Mental Comfort. Sensors 2021, 21, 3092 .

AMA Style

Hyona Yu, Jihyun Bae, Jiyeon Choi, Hyungseok Kim. LUX: Smart Mirror with Sentiment Analysis for Mental Comfort. Sensors. 2021; 21 (9):3092.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hyona Yu; Jihyun Bae; Jiyeon Choi; Hyungseok Kim. 2021. "LUX: Smart Mirror with Sentiment Analysis for Mental Comfort." Sensors 21, no. 9: 3092.

Journal article
Published: 16 April 2021 in IEEE Access
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The tactile internet (TI) is believed to be the prospective advancement of the internet of things (IoT), comprising human-to-machine and machine-to-machine communication. TI focuses on enabling real-time interactive techniques with a portfolio of engineering, social, and commercial use cases. For this purpose, the prospective $5^{th}$ generation (5G) technology focuses on achieving ultra-reliable low latency communication (URLLC) services. TI applications require an extraordinary degree of reliability and latency. The $3^{rd}$ generation partnership project (3GPP) defines that URLLC is expected to provide 99.99% reliability of a single transmission of 32 bytes packet with a latency of less than one millisecond. 3GPP proposes to include an adjustable orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technique, called 5G new radio (5G NR), as a new radio access technology (RAT). Whereas, with the emergence of a novel physical layer RAT, the need for the design for prospective next-generation technologies arises, especially with the focus of network intelligence. In such situations, machine learning (ML) techniques are expected to be essential to assist in designing intelligent network resource allocation protocols for 5G NR URLLC requirements. Therefore, in this survey, we present a possibility to use the federated reinforcement learning (FRL) technique, which is one of the ML techniques, for 5G NR URLLC requirements and summarizes the corresponding achievements for URLLC. We provide a comprehensive discussion of MAC layer channel access mechanisms that enable URLLC in 5G NR for TI. Besides, we identify seven very critical future use cases of FRL as potential enablers for URLLC in 5G NR.

ACS Style

Rashid Ali; Yousaf Bin Zikria; Ali Kashif Bashir; Sahil Garg; Hyung Seok Kim. URLLC for 5G and Beyond: Requirements, Enabling Incumbent Technologies and Network Intelligence. IEEE Access 2021, 9, 67064 -67095.

AMA Style

Rashid Ali, Yousaf Bin Zikria, Ali Kashif Bashir, Sahil Garg, Hyung Seok Kim. URLLC for 5G and Beyond: Requirements, Enabling Incumbent Technologies and Network Intelligence. IEEE Access. 2021; 9 ():67064-67095.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rashid Ali; Yousaf Bin Zikria; Ali Kashif Bashir; Sahil Garg; Hyung Seok Kim. 2021. "URLLC for 5G and Beyond: Requirements, Enabling Incumbent Technologies and Network Intelligence." IEEE Access 9, no. : 67064-67095.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2021 in Computers, Materials & Continua
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ACS Style

Amir Haider; Muhibur Rahman; Tayyaba Khan; Muhammad Tabish Niaz; Hyung Seok Kim. Multi-Gigabit CO-OFDM System over SMF and MMF Links for 5G URLLC Backhaul Network. Computers, Materials & Continua 2021, 67, 1747 -1758.

AMA Style

Amir Haider, Muhibur Rahman, Tayyaba Khan, Muhammad Tabish Niaz, Hyung Seok Kim. Multi-Gigabit CO-OFDM System over SMF and MMF Links for 5G URLLC Backhaul Network. Computers, Materials & Continua. 2021; 67 (2):1747-1758.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amir Haider; Muhibur Rahman; Tayyaba Khan; Muhammad Tabish Niaz; Hyung Seok Kim. 2021. "Multi-Gigabit CO-OFDM System over SMF and MMF Links for 5G URLLC Backhaul Network." Computers, Materials & Continua 67, no. 2: 1747-1758.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2021 in Computers, Materials & Continua
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ACS Style

Amir Haider; Muhibur Rahman; Hamza Ahmad; Mahdi NaghshvarianJahromi; Muhammad Tabish Niaz; Hyung Seok Kim. Frequency-Agile WLAN Notch UWB Antenna for URLLC Applications. Computers, Materials & Continua 2021, 67, 2243 -2254.

AMA Style

Amir Haider, Muhibur Rahman, Hamza Ahmad, Mahdi NaghshvarianJahromi, Muhammad Tabish Niaz, Hyung Seok Kim. Frequency-Agile WLAN Notch UWB Antenna for URLLC Applications. Computers, Materials & Continua. 2021; 67 (2):2243-2254.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amir Haider; Muhibur Rahman; Hamza Ahmad; Mahdi NaghshvarianJahromi; Muhammad Tabish Niaz; Hyung Seok Kim. 2021. "Frequency-Agile WLAN Notch UWB Antenna for URLLC Applications." Computers, Materials & Continua 67, no. 2: 2243-2254.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2021 in Computers, Materials & Continua
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ACS Style

Amir Haider; Muhammad Adnan Khan; Abdur Rehman; Muhibur Rahman; Hyung Seok Kim. A Real-Time Sequential Deep Extreme Learning Machine Cybersecurity Intrusion Detection System. Computers, Materials & Continua 2021, 66, 1785 -1798.

AMA Style

Amir Haider, Muhammad Adnan Khan, Abdur Rehman, Muhibur Rahman, Hyung Seok Kim. A Real-Time Sequential Deep Extreme Learning Machine Cybersecurity Intrusion Detection System. Computers, Materials & Continua. 2021; 66 (2):1785-1798.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amir Haider; Muhammad Adnan Khan; Abdur Rehman; Muhibur Rahman; Hyung Seok Kim. 2021. "A Real-Time Sequential Deep Extreme Learning Machine Cybersecurity Intrusion Detection System." Computers, Materials & Continua 66, no. 2: 1785-1798.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2021 in Computers, Materials & Continua
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ACS Style

Amir Haider; Tayyaba Khan; Muhibur Rahman; Byung Moo Lee; Hyung Seok Kim. Quintuple Band Antenna for Wireless Applications with Small Form Factor. Computers, Materials & Continua 2021, 66, 2241 -2251.

AMA Style

Amir Haider, Tayyaba Khan, Muhibur Rahman, Byung Moo Lee, Hyung Seok Kim. Quintuple Band Antenna for Wireless Applications with Small Form Factor. Computers, Materials & Continua. 2021; 66 (3):2241-2251.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amir Haider; Tayyaba Khan; Muhibur Rahman; Byung Moo Lee; Hyung Seok Kim. 2021. "Quintuple Band Antenna for Wireless Applications with Small Form Factor." Computers, Materials & Continua 66, no. 3: 2241-2251.

Journal article
Published: 17 September 2020 in Sensors
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Hybrid pre-coding strategies are considered as a potential solution for combating path loss experienced by Massive MIMO systems operating at millimeter wave frequencies. The partially connected structure is preferred over the fully connected structure due to smaller computational complexity. In order to improve the spectral efficiency of a partially connected hybrid pre-coding architecture, which is one of the requirements of future 5G/B5G systems, this work proposes the application of evolutionary algorithms for joint computation of RF and the digital pre-coder. The evolutionary algorithm based scheme jointly evaluates the RF and digital pre-coder for a partially connected hybrid structure by taking into account the current RF chain for computations and therefore it is not based on interference cancellation from all other RF chains as in the case of successive interference cancellation (SIC). The evolutionary algorithm, i.e., Artificial Bee Colony (BEE) based pre-coding scheme outperforms other popular evolutionary algorithms as well as the SIC based pre-coding scheme in terms of spectral efficiency. In addition, the proposed algorithm is not overly sensitive to variations in channel conditions.

ACS Style

Salman Khalid; Waqas Bin Abbas; Hyung Seok Kim; Muhammad Tabish Niaz. Evolutionary Algorithm Based Capacity Maximization of 5G/B5G Hybrid Pre-Coding Systems. Sensors 2020, 20, 5338 .

AMA Style

Salman Khalid, Waqas Bin Abbas, Hyung Seok Kim, Muhammad Tabish Niaz. Evolutionary Algorithm Based Capacity Maximization of 5G/B5G Hybrid Pre-Coding Systems. Sensors. 2020; 20 (18):5338.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Salman Khalid; Waqas Bin Abbas; Hyung Seok Kim; Muhammad Tabish Niaz. 2020. "Evolutionary Algorithm Based Capacity Maximization of 5G/B5G Hybrid Pre-Coding Systems." Sensors 20, no. 18: 5338.

Letter
Published: 01 August 2020 in Sensors
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This paper investigates the time-domain performance of a switchable filter impulse radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) antenna for microwave breast imaging applications. A miniaturized CPW-fed integrated filter antenna with switchable performance in the range of the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) and Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) bands could operate well within a 3.0 to 11 GHz frequency range. The time-domain performance of the filter antenna was investigated in comparison to that of the designed reference wideband antenna. By comparing both antennas’ time-domain characteristics, it was seen that the switchable filter antenna had good time-domain resolution along with the frequency-domain operation. Additionally, the time-domain investigation revealed that the switchable filter wide-band antenna performed similarly to the reference wide band antenna. This antenna was also utilized for a tumor detection application, and it was seen that the switchable filter wide-band antenna could detect a miniaturized irregularly shaped tumor easily, which is quite promising. Such an antenna with a good time-domain resolution and tumor detection capability will be a good candidate and will find potential applications in microwave breast imaging.

ACS Style

Amir Haider; Muhibur Rahman; Mahdi Naghshvarianjahromi; Hyung Seok Kim. Time-Domain Investigation of Switchable Filter Wide-Band Antenna for Microwave Breast Imaging. Sensors 2020, 20, 4302 .

AMA Style

Amir Haider, Muhibur Rahman, Mahdi Naghshvarianjahromi, Hyung Seok Kim. Time-Domain Investigation of Switchable Filter Wide-Band Antenna for Microwave Breast Imaging. Sensors. 2020; 20 (15):4302.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amir Haider; Muhibur Rahman; Mahdi Naghshvarianjahromi; Hyung Seok Kim. 2020. "Time-Domain Investigation of Switchable Filter Wide-Band Antenna for Microwave Breast Imaging." Sensors 20, no. 15: 4302.

Journal article
Published: 30 July 2020 in IEEE Access
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Green cognitive radios show promise for high energy efficiency (EE) in the future of wireless communications. Spectrum sensing refers to an energy-consuming procedure that allows cognitive users to independently identify unused radio spectrum segments and prevent interference to primary users, and it should be minimized due to resource limitations. In this paper, we present a wireless multiple-access channel function to establish the primary users’ presence and the mean EE optimization problem of the cognitive radio systems with mathematical structure computation purposes. EE, as the average throughput to the average energy consumption ratio, is used to measure the network’s performance subject to detection constraint. More specifically, since secondary users are generally battery-powered devices, saving on energy is crucial. We aim to decrease the energy consumption of secondary users while maximizing the total EE and preserving the accurate sensing by maximizing the sensing time detection subject to secondary user power constraints and minimum data rate. To address the non-convexity optimization problem, one can consider energy-efficient power allocation based on an iterative method. Simulation results show the optimum of our framework when combined by the multiple-access channel computation-based scheme. Green cognitive radio should consider the tradeoff against its complexity and maximum available EE metric. However, one can observe from the simulation results that the improved EE presented in this work yields much higher when compared with others with the same detection performance.

ACS Style

Arash Ostovar; Yousaf Bin Zikria; Hyung Seok Kim; Rashid Ali. Optimization of Resource Allocation Model With Energy-Efficient Cooperative Sensing in Green Cognitive Radio Networks. IEEE Access 2020, 8, 141594 -141610.

AMA Style

Arash Ostovar, Yousaf Bin Zikria, Hyung Seok Kim, Rashid Ali. Optimization of Resource Allocation Model With Energy-Efficient Cooperative Sensing in Green Cognitive Radio Networks. IEEE Access. 2020; 8 (99):141594-141610.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Arash Ostovar; Yousaf Bin Zikria; Hyung Seok Kim; Rashid Ali. 2020. "Optimization of Resource Allocation Model With Energy-Efficient Cooperative Sensing in Green Cognitive Radio Networks." IEEE Access 8, no. 99: 141594-141610.

Review
Published: 21 March 2020 in Sensors
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Fog Computing (FC) is promising to Internet architecture for the emerging of modern technological approaches such as Fifth Generation (5G) networks and the Internet of Things (IoT). These are the advanced technologies that enable Internet architecture to enhance the data dissemination services based on numerous sensors generating continuous sensory information. It is tough for the current Internet architecture to meet up with the growing demands of the users for such a massive amount of information. Therefore, it needs to adopt modern technologies for efficient data dissemination services across the Internet. Thus, the FC and 5G are updating the data transmission using new technological approaches that are intelligently processing data to provide enhanced communications. This study proposes necessary measures to boost the growth of FC to 5G network usage. It is done by taking an extensive review of how 5G operates as well as studying its taxonomy, the idea of IoT, reviewed projects on IoT applicability, comparison of computing technologies, and the importance of FC. Moreover, it elaborates dynamic issues of computing network technologies, and information is provided on how to remedy these for future recommendations in the field of research and computing network technologies. This paper heavily focuses on the applications of FC as an enabler to the 5G network by identifying the necessary services and network-oriented features that are needed to be used in the place for an improved future enterprise network technology.

ACS Style

Yahui Meng; Muhammad Ali Naeem; Alaa Omran Almagrabi; Rashid Ali; Hyung Seok Kim. Advancing the State of the Fog Computing to Enable 5G Network Technologies. Sensors 2020, 20, 1754 .

AMA Style

Yahui Meng, Muhammad Ali Naeem, Alaa Omran Almagrabi, Rashid Ali, Hyung Seok Kim. Advancing the State of the Fog Computing to Enable 5G Network Technologies. Sensors. 2020; 20 (6):1754.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yahui Meng; Muhammad Ali Naeem; Alaa Omran Almagrabi; Rashid Ali; Hyung Seok Kim. 2020. "Advancing the State of the Fog Computing to Enable 5G Network Technologies." Sensors 20, no. 6: 1754.

Conference paper
Published: 18 March 2020 in Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency XV
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Traditional intelligent systems recommend a teaching sequence to individual students without monitoring their ongoing learning attitude. It causes frustrations for students to learn a new skill and move them away from their target learning goal. As a step to make the best teaching strategy, in this paper a Personalized Skill-Based Math Recommender (PSBMR) framework has been proposed to automatically recommend pedagogical instructions based on a student’s learning progress over time. The PSBMR utilizes an adversarial bandit in contrast to the classic multi-armed bandit (MAB) problem to estimate the student’s ability and recommend the task as per his skill level. However, this paper proposes an online learning approach to model a student concept learning profile and used the Exp3 algorithm for optimal task selection. To verify the framework, simulated students with different behavioral complexity have been modeled using the Q-matrix approach based on item response theory. The simulation study demonstrates the effectiveness of this framework to act fairly with different groups of students to acquire the necessary skills to learn basic mathematics.

ACS Style

Muhammad Zubair Islam; Kashif Mehmood; Hyung Seok Kim. Reinforcement Learning Based Interactive Agent for Personalized Mathematical Skill Enhancement. Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency XV 2020, 395 -407.

AMA Style

Muhammad Zubair Islam, Kashif Mehmood, Hyung Seok Kim. Reinforcement Learning Based Interactive Agent for Personalized Mathematical Skill Enhancement. Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency XV. 2020; ():395-407.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Zubair Islam; Kashif Mehmood; Hyung Seok Kim. 2020. "Reinforcement Learning Based Interactive Agent for Personalized Mathematical Skill Enhancement." Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency XV , no. : 395-407.

Journal article
Published: 13 December 2019 in Computer Communications
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The emergence of Internet of Things (IoT) has increased number of connected devices and consequently transmitted traffic over the Internet. In this regard, Long Term Evolution (LTE) is growing its utilization in unlicensed spectrum as well, and Licensed Assisted Access (LAA) technology is one of the examples. However, unlicensed spectrum is already occupied by other wireless technologies, such as Wi-Fi. The diverse and dissimilar physical layer and medium access control (MAC) layer configurations of LTE-LAA and Wi-Fi lead to coexistence challenges in the network. Currently, LTE-LAA uses a listen-before-talk (LBT) mechanism, and Wi-Fi uses a carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) as a channel access mechanism. LBT and CSMA/CA are moderately similar channel access mechanisms. However, there is an efficient coexistence issue when these two technologies coexist. Therefore, this paper proposes a Reinforcement Learning-enabled LBT (ReLBT) mechanism for efficient coexistence of LTE-LAA and Wi-Fi scenarios. Specifically, ReLBT utilizes a channel collision probability as a reward function to optimize its channel access parameters. Simulation results show that the proposed ReLBT mechanism efficiently enhances the coexistence of LTE-LAA and Wi-Fi as compared to the LBT, thus improves fairness performance.

ACS Style

R. Ali; B. Kim; S.W. Kim; H.S. Kim; F. Ishmanov. (ReLBT): A Reinforcement learning-enabled listen before talk mechanism for LTE-LAA and Wi-Fi coexistence in IoT. Computer Communications 2019, 150, 498 -505.

AMA Style

R. Ali, B. Kim, S.W. Kim, H.S. Kim, F. Ishmanov. (ReLBT): A Reinforcement learning-enabled listen before talk mechanism for LTE-LAA and Wi-Fi coexistence in IoT. Computer Communications. 2019; 150 ():498-505.

Chicago/Turabian Style

R. Ali; B. Kim; S.W. Kim; H.S. Kim; F. Ishmanov. 2019. "(ReLBT): A Reinforcement learning-enabled listen before talk mechanism for LTE-LAA and Wi-Fi coexistence in IoT." Computer Communications 150, no. : 498-505.

Journal article
Published: 10 October 2019 in Energies
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Machine-type communications (MTC) enable the connectivity and control of a vast category of devices without human intervention. This study considers a hybrid coexisting wireless cellular network for traditional and MTC devices along with the need for an energy efficient power allocation mechanism for MTC devices. A model is presented for the interference and battery lifetime of MTC devices and a battery lifetime maximization problem is formulated. Conventional game designs are unable to address the demands of a densified user environment because of the dimensional difficulty presented when attempting to achieve a converged solution that would lead to a stable equilibrium. The MTC power control problem is modeled as a differential game and a mean field game (MFG) for massive number of MTC nodes estimates the power allocation policy with system utility defined in terms of the experienced interference and reliability. The formulated power control MFG is solved using a finite difference method and analyzed using extensive simulations. The solution provides an optimal power control strategy for MTC devices, enabling them to prolong their battery lives with the implemented energy efficient power allocation scheme.

ACS Style

Kashif Mehmood; Muhammad Tabish Niaz; Hyung Seok Kim. A Power Control Mean Field Game Framework for Battery Lifetime Enhancement of Coexisting Machine-Type Communications. Energies 2019, 12, 3819 .

AMA Style

Kashif Mehmood, Muhammad Tabish Niaz, Hyung Seok Kim. A Power Control Mean Field Game Framework for Battery Lifetime Enhancement of Coexisting Machine-Type Communications. Energies. 2019; 12 (20):3819.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kashif Mehmood; Muhammad Tabish Niaz; Hyung Seok Kim. 2019. "A Power Control Mean Field Game Framework for Battery Lifetime Enhancement of Coexisting Machine-Type Communications." Energies 12, no. 20: 3819.

Journal article
Published: 06 May 2019 in Energies
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Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) has become ubiquitous in the majority of mobile devices that connect wirelessly. With the increase in the number of devices, the probability of congestion also increases in a network. Data channels of the BLE use frequency hopping, but it is not available for advertising channels. The capability of the BLE for providing a wide range of parameters settings ensures the impressive potential for BLE devices to customize their discovery latency. But communication before connection setup is not synchronous and both the scanning devices and the advertising devices are unaware of the timing parameters of each other. This can lead to inefficient advertiser device discovery. To resolve this issue, an algorithm is proposed to reduce the average latency per advertiser experienced due to the increase in the number of BLE devices in a vicinity. It is observed that the average latency has shown improvement in the range of 35% to 55%, depending on different simulated scenarios. Due to this improvement the overall energy consumption is also reduced.

ACS Style

Seung Whan Song; Youn Sang Lee; Fatima Imdad; Muhammad Tabish Niaz; Hyung Seok Kim. Efficient Advertiser Discovery in Bluetooth Low Energy Devices. Energies 2019, 12, 1707 .

AMA Style

Seung Whan Song, Youn Sang Lee, Fatima Imdad, Muhammad Tabish Niaz, Hyung Seok Kim. Efficient Advertiser Discovery in Bluetooth Low Energy Devices. Energies. 2019; 12 (9):1707.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Seung Whan Song; Youn Sang Lee; Fatima Imdad; Muhammad Tabish Niaz; Hyung Seok Kim. 2019. "Efficient Advertiser Discovery in Bluetooth Low Energy Devices." Energies 12, no. 9: 1707.

Review
Published: 17 October 2018 in Energies
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The curtailing of consumers’ peak hours demands and filling the gap caused by the mismatch between generation and utilization in power systems is a challenging task and also a very hot topic in the current research era. Researchers of the conventional power grid in the traditional power setup are confronting difficulties to figure out the above problem. Smart grid technology can handle these issues efficiently. In the smart grid, consumer demand can be efficiently managed and handled by employing demand-side management (DSM) algorithms. In general, DSM is an important element of smart grid technology. It can shape the consumers’ electricity demand curve according to the given load curve provided by the utilities/supplier. In this survey, we focused on DSM and potential applications of DSM in the smart grid. The review in this paper focuses on the research done over the last decade, to discuss the key concepts of DSM schemes employed for consumers’ demand management. We review DSM schemes under various categories, i.e., direct load reduction, load scheduling, DSM based on various pricing schemes, DSM based on optimization types, DSM based on various solution approaches, and home energy management based DSM. A comprehensive review of DSM performance metrics, optimization objectives, and solution methodologies is’ also provided in this survey. The role of distributed renewable energy resources (DERs) in achieving the optimization objectives and performance metrics is also revealed. The unpredictable nature of DERs and their impact on DSM are also exposed. The motivation of this paper is to contribute by providing a better understanding of DSM and the usage of DERs that can satisfy consumers’ electricity demand with efficient scheduling to achieve the performance metrics and optimization objectives.

ACS Style

Sadiq Ahmad; Ayaz Ahmad; Muhammad Naeem; Waleed Ejaz; Hyung Seok Kim. A Compendium of Performance Metrics, Pricing Schemes, Optimization Objectives, and Solution Methodologies of Demand Side Management for the Smart Grid. Energies 2018, 11, 2801 .

AMA Style

Sadiq Ahmad, Ayaz Ahmad, Muhammad Naeem, Waleed Ejaz, Hyung Seok Kim. A Compendium of Performance Metrics, Pricing Schemes, Optimization Objectives, and Solution Methodologies of Demand Side Management for the Smart Grid. Energies. 2018; 11 (10):2801.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sadiq Ahmad; Ayaz Ahmad; Muhammad Naeem; Waleed Ejaz; Hyung Seok Kim. 2018. "A Compendium of Performance Metrics, Pricing Schemes, Optimization Objectives, and Solution Methodologies of Demand Side Management for the Smart Grid." Energies 11, no. 10: 2801.

Special issue article
Published: 19 July 2018 in Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies
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In this paper, the effect of different types of filters on the performance of a total least square–based receiver for a visible light communication system is studied. In the literature, the most common type of filter that is used is a matched filter. This is considered to be an optimal filter and it is commonly available. In the computationally limited environment, where there are not enough resources to match the needs of an optimal filter such as matched filter, this paper investigates the use of other potential filters such as Butterworth, elliptical, and Chebyshev filters. This paper also investigates the effect of choosing a suitable transmission band to countermeasure the effects of noise from artificial light sources and sun. The proposed system is analyzed on the parameter of bit error rate.

ACS Style

Muhammad Tabish Niaz; Fatima Imdad; Kashif Mehmood; Hyung Seok Kim. A study of indoor VLC system based on TLS receiver. Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies 2018, 30, e3479 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Tabish Niaz, Fatima Imdad, Kashif Mehmood, Hyung Seok Kim. A study of indoor VLC system based on TLS receiver. Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies. 2018; 30 (2):e3479.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Tabish Niaz; Fatima Imdad; Kashif Mehmood; Hyung Seok Kim. 2018. "A study of indoor VLC system based on TLS receiver." Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies 30, no. 2: e3479.

Research article
Published: 15 July 2018 in Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing
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Nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is one of the few promising techniques that can ensure the achievement of benefits foreseen in next-generation 5G wireless networks and beyond. By using superposition coding, NOMA allows multiple users to share the same time and frequency resources, thereby enhancing user connectivity, spectral efficiency, and a considerable increase in user throughput. Interference mitigation is an important consideration in NOMA and is considerably more influencing in multicellular environments. First, a brief description of the impairments that can arise in a NOMA cellular network along with responsible factors is provided. Second, different approaches adopted to minimize these impairments are discussed. Finally, a possible solution is proposed that consists of a coordinated approach between the individual cells in the NOMA domain to minimize interferences and improve user throughput. Adaptive fractional frequency reuse (FFR) is used to allocate distinct frequency resources to edge users of different cells to minimize intercell interference in NOMA. Simulation results prove that the proposed NOMA scheme plays an important role in minimizing impairment effects and enhancing the SINR and the throughput performance of edge users while ensuring fairness in its design.

ACS Style

Kashif Mehmood; Muhammad Tabish Niaz; Hyung Seok Kim. Dynamic Fractional Frequency Reuse Diversity Design for Intercell Interference Mitigation in Nonorthogonal Multiple Access Multicellular Networks. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2018, 2018, 1 -18.

AMA Style

Kashif Mehmood, Muhammad Tabish Niaz, Hyung Seok Kim. Dynamic Fractional Frequency Reuse Diversity Design for Intercell Interference Mitigation in Nonorthogonal Multiple Access Multicellular Networks. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing. 2018; 2018 ():1-18.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kashif Mehmood; Muhammad Tabish Niaz; Hyung Seok Kim. 2018. "Dynamic Fractional Frequency Reuse Diversity Design for Intercell Interference Mitigation in Nonorthogonal Multiple Access Multicellular Networks." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2018, no. : 1-18.

Journal article
Published: 02 January 2018 in Energies
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With global concern for climate change, and for cutting down the energy cost, especially in off grid areas, use of renewable energy has been gaining widespread attention in many areas including cellular communication. The base station (BS) has emerged as a strong candidate for the integration of renewable energy sources (RES), particularly solar and wind. The incorporation of renewable energy opens many possibilities for energy conservation through strategies such as energy cooperation between BSs during the off-peak hours, when the energy harvested from renewable energy sources may become surplus. In this paper, we present the case for cellular BSs enabled with renewable energy sources (RES) to have an arrangement in which the BS provide surplus energy to a neighboring BS, thus minimizing the use of conventional energy. A realistic objective is developed for northern region of Pakistan, which entails modeling of solar panels and wind-turbine according to the average solar irradiation and wind speed of the region. We also model the dynamic load of the BS, which depicts temporal fluctuations with traffic variations. Based on these models we initiate an energy cooperation scheme between the BS in which an energy cost minimization framework is mathematically modeled and solved through the interior point method algorithm. Results are obtained for different times of the year for different number of base stations showing respective energy cost savings.

ACS Style

Faran Ahmed; Muhammad Naeem; Waleed Ejaz; Muhammad Iqbal; Alagan Anpalagan; Hyung Seok Kim. Renewable Energy Assisted Traffic Aware Cellular Base Station Energy Cooperation. Energies 2018, 11, 99 .

AMA Style

Faran Ahmed, Muhammad Naeem, Waleed Ejaz, Muhammad Iqbal, Alagan Anpalagan, Hyung Seok Kim. Renewable Energy Assisted Traffic Aware Cellular Base Station Energy Cooperation. Energies. 2018; 11 (1):99.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Faran Ahmed; Muhammad Naeem; Waleed Ejaz; Muhammad Iqbal; Alagan Anpalagan; Hyung Seok Kim. 2018. "Renewable Energy Assisted Traffic Aware Cellular Base Station Energy Cooperation." Energies 11, no. 1: 99.