Based on the optimal proportion of resin and curing agent, an ultrahigh-temperature inorganic phosphate adhesive was prepared with aluminum dihydric phosphate, aluminium oxide ( $\alpha$ -Al₂O₃), etc. and cured at room temperature (RT). Then, nano-aluminum nitride (nano-AlN), nano-Cupric oxide (nano-CuO), and nano-titanium oxide (nano-TiO₂) were added into the adhesive. Differential scanning calorimetry was conducted using the inorganic phosphate adhesive to analyze the phosphate reactions during heat treatment, and it was found that 15 wt % nano-AlN could clearly decrease the curing temperature. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the microphenomenon of the modified adhesive at ultrahigh-temperature. The differential thermal analysis of the inorganic phosphate adhesive showed that the weight loss was approximately 6.5 wt % when the mass ratio of resin to curing agent was 1:1.5. An X-ray diffraction analysis of the adhesive with 10% nano-AlN showed that the phase structure changed from AlPO₄(11-0500) to the more stable AlPO₄(10-0423) structure after heat treatment. The shear strength of the adhesive containing 10% nano-AlN reached 7.3 MPa at RT due to the addition of nano-AlN, which promoted the formation of phosphate and increased the Al³⁺.

High-temperature phosphate adhesives are widely used in the aerospace and nuclear power industries. However, complex residual stresses can result when the curing temperature parameters are unreasonable due to the brittleness of the adhesive. To reveal the curing temperature mechanism affecting the bonding strength of the phosphate adhesives, several curing temperature curves (CT-1~6) were designed for the single lap joint (SLJ) using phosphate adhesive. The residual stress helped to reveal the relationship between the curing temperature parameters and the bonding performance. In this process, the residual stress of the silicon carbide joint was measured using micro-Raman spectroscopy, and the tensile strength of the joint was tested. A cohesive zone model (CZM) was established with Abaqus^® to verify the results, and the numerical results from the model agreed well with the experimental values. The residual stress and adhesive strength were obviously affected by curing temperature. The reasonable curing temperature curves have the benefits of reducing the residual stress and improving the bonding strength.

Coatings with anti-icing performance possess hydrophobicity and low ice adhesion strength, which delay ice formation and make ice removal easier. In this paper, the anti-icing performance of nano/microsilica particle-filled amino-terminated PDMS (A-PDMS)-modified epoxy coatings was investigated. In the process, the influence of the addition of A-PDMS on the hydrophobicity and ice adhesion strength was investigated. Furthermore, the influences of various weight ratios of nanosilica/microsilica (R_n/m) on the hydrophobicity and ice adhesion strength of the coating were investigated. Hydrophobicity was evaluated by contact angle (CA) and contact angle hysteresis (CAH) tests. Ice adhesion strength was measured by a centrifugal adhesion test. The addition of A-PDMS markedly increased hydrophobicity and decreased ice adhesion. The size combination of particles obviously affects hydrophobicity but has little effect on ice adhesion. Finally, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to reveal the anti-icing mechanism of the coatings.

Ice accretion can cause problems on polar ships, ocean platforms, and in other marine industries. It is important to understand the interface debonding behavior between ice and the surface of equipment. In this work, we created a mechanical model to analyze the interface debonding behavior between a square-based ice cuboid and an elastic coating base, using contact mechanics and fracture mechanics. Three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) simulation was used to simulate the interface debonding for normal and shear separation. A bilinear cohesive zone model (CZM) was used to simulate the interface between the ice cuboid and the elastic coating. We investigated the effect of the elastic modulus E of an elastic film on the critical detachment force F_c for normal and shear separation. The results showed that F_c increases with an increase of the elastic modulus of the elastic film. When E exceeds a certain level, F_c achieves a constant value and then remains stable. Finally, a series of epoxy/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) interpenetrating polymer-network (IPN) gel coatings with different elastic moduli were prepared. The ice tensile and shear adhesion strengths (σ_ice and τ_ice) of the coatings were measured. The results were roughly consistent with the results of the numerical simulation when E < 1 MPa.

In the case of bonding of aluminum alloy, surface pretreatment have been widely adopted for adherends so as to achieve superior adhesive performance. However, the strict surface treatment of the aluminum alloy cannot be implemented without special equipment and the mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and aging resistance of the common adhesives cannot meet the demand without surface treatment. Here, acrylic oligomer modified by carboxyl terminated organosilicon and nano alumina were used to modify an epoxy formulation based on a classical DGEBA monomer to produce a high peel strength epoxy adhesive that can be used without surface pretreatment. The peel strength and the shear strength of the adhesive could reach 7.18 N/cm and 18.75 MPa, respectively, and could be well maintained under −70 °C and 100 °C. The novel adhesive also has good heat aging resistance, water resistance and artificial seawater resistance. SEM and XPS were used to investigate mechanism of aging resistance of modified adhesives without surface treatment.