To exploring the effects of probiotics on growth performance, immune function, blood biochemical indicators and cecal flora of broilers, 5 native experimental probiotics (Bacillus coagulans, Lactobacillus fermentum, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Enterococcus faecalis) were isolated and purified. Broilers Fufeng and Sanhuang were divided: 5 single experimental probiotic groups, 1 mixed experimental probiotic group (Lactobacillus fermentum, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Enterococcus faecalis), commercial probiotics group and negative control group. Each group had 10 replicates of each type of broilers. The experimental probiotics were added to broiler’s diet during experimental period. The growth performance was measured on 21d, 42d and 77d while the immune function, blood biochemical indexes and cecal flora were measured on 77d. The growth performance results showed that experimental probiotics could effectively increase the FCR and BWG (P <0.05); Thymus indexes (P <0.05), spleen indexes and bursa indexes were increased; The levels of IgA, IgG and IL-2 were significantly increased (P <0.05); The contents of total protein (P <0.05) and albumin increased while the total cholesterol, triglycerides (P <0.05), urea nitrogen and blood glucose (P <0.05) were decreased; The population of LAB increased (P <0.05) while E.coli decreased (P <0.05) in caecal. These results indicated that different experimental probiotics had different degree of effects on experimental broilers, but their effects were similar. And the combination of several types of experimental probiotics had a more stable beneficial effects which indicated that the isolated experimental probiotics can be used as broiler feed additives to improve broiler s immunity and health in Guangxi.

Enterovirus G (EV-G) is an important enteric pathogen widely circulating in swine populations and is characterized by considerable genetic diversity and recombination potential. In recent years, recombinant EV-G strains carrying exogenous papain-like cysteine protease (PLCP) gene insertions have been increasingly reported; however, their genotype distribution and molecular characteristics in major pig-producing regions remain poorly understood. In this study, 356 clinical samples collected from Guangxi, southern China, between 2020 and 2025 were screened for EV-G, and 13 representative strains were subjected to whole-genome sequencing and sequence analysis. The overall EV-G positivity rate in Guangxi was 20.51% (73/356). Phylogenetic analysis showed that the 13 Guangxi EV-G strains were mainly classified into three genotypes, G1, G2, and G8, with G1 being the predominant genotype. Notably, PLCP gene insertions of 573–642 nt were identified at the 2C/3A junction in seven strains belonging to three distinct genotypes, G1, G2, and G8, demonstrating the cross-genotype distribution of PLCP insertions within a single geographic region. Phylogenetic analysis of the PLCP sequences demonstrated that all Guangxi-derived PLCP sequences clustered within the EV-G-PLCP clade and were clearly separated from the torovirus PLCP clade. Recombination analysis retained three potential recombination events with clearer combined support from RDP4 and SimPlot analyses, involving Guangxi strains GX3008, GX3022, and GX4292. Selection pressure analysis showed that the VP1 gene was overall under negative selection. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the co-circulation of multiple EV-G genotypes, the cross-genotype distribution of PLCP insertions, and the presence of potential recombination events in Guangxi. This study provides new evidence for understanding the genetic diversity, genomic plasticity, and regional molecular characteristics of EV-G, and also provides an important basis for future PLCP-related functional studies and continued EV-G surveillance.

Porcine rotavirus (PoRV) has emerged as a primary pathogen causing viral diarrhea in pigs, resulting in significant economic losses. This study was conducted to systematically characterize the epidemiology and genotypic characteristics of PoRV in Guangxi, China. A total of 870 diarrheic pig samples were collected from Guangxi during 2020–2025. The qRT-PCR results indicated an overall PoRV-positive rate of 41.38% (360/870), and the annual positivity rate showed an overall upward trend. The genetic evolutionary analysis of the VP4, VP6, and VP7 genes indicated that PoRV predominantly belonged to the A group and the predominant P genotype observed was P[13] (76.83%), while the G genotypes were G5 (36.56%) and G9 (33.33%). The most prevalent genotype combinations were G9P[13]I5 and G5P[13]I5. CH-GXGL-PoRV-3151-2021, a PoRV strain isolated from positive samples, was identified via RT-PCR, qRT-PCR, whole-genome sequencing, and IFA. This strain was assigned the 11-segment genotype constellation G9-P[23]-I5-R1-C1-M1-A8-N1-T1-E1-H1 based on whole-genome sequencing. NSP1 and NSP2 showed high similarity to human rotavirus strains, whereas VP1–VP4, VP6, VP7, and NSP3–NSP5 showed high similarity to porcine rotavirus strains. This study indicates the widespread circulation of PoRV in Guangxi, with multiple G genotypes, including G9, G5, G4, G3, G2, and G26, being detected. The isolated G9P[23]I5 strain exhibits the same genotype as the strains that have become increasingly prevalent in recent years. This strain may represent a possible reassortant between porcine and human rotaviruses. This study offers significant insights into the epidemiology of PoRV and the prevalent genotypes in Guangxi, thereby supporting the development of targeted prevention strategies and novel vaccines.