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Dr. Zhenzhong Ma
Odette School of Business, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. School of Business, Nanjing Audit University, Nanjing 210017, China

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Journal article
Published: 11 June 2021 in Sustainability
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Knowledge sharing plays an important role in promoting innovation and helping improve R&D team performance in the digital age. Based on the evolutionary game theory, this study develops an evolutionary game model of knowledge sharing in R&D teams in order to explore its system evolution path, the evolutionary stability strategy, and the influencing mechanism in knowledge sharing. Then using a simulation model, this study examines the dynamic evolution process of knowledge sharing within R&D teams. The results show that the effectiveness of knowledge sharing in the R&D teams can be promoted by R&D team members’ cognitive ability, knowledge absorption ability, knowledge transformation ability, knowledge innovation ability, and the degree of knowledge complementarity within teams. The simulation results further show that reducing the environmental risk can also effectively improve R&D teams’ innovation performance. The findings of this study thus provide evidence for knowledge sharing as an important route to sustainable development.

ACS Style

Jiuling Xiao; Yuting Bao; Jiankang Wang; Haiyun Yu; Zhenzhong Ma; Lei Jing. Knowledge Sharing in R&D Teams: An Evolutionary Game Model. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6664 .

AMA Style

Jiuling Xiao, Yuting Bao, Jiankang Wang, Haiyun Yu, Zhenzhong Ma, Lei Jing. Knowledge Sharing in R&D Teams: An Evolutionary Game Model. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (12):6664.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jiuling Xiao; Yuting Bao; Jiankang Wang; Haiyun Yu; Zhenzhong Ma; Lei Jing. 2021. "Knowledge Sharing in R&D Teams: An Evolutionary Game Model." Sustainability 13, no. 12: 6664.

Journal article
Published: 27 April 2021 in Sustainability
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While ethical tourism is becoming more important in the tourist industry, relatively little is known about ethical tourism in China and what motivates Chinese tourists to undertake ethical tourism. This study examines this issue by adopting the planned behavior theory to explore the impact of Chinese tourists’ personal factors, positive social influence, image of destination and quality of services on their behavioral intentions in order to better understand what motivate Chinese tourists to participate ethical tourism. The results show that knowledge of ethical tourism, attitude toward ethical tourism, influences from family and friends, and local environment of the destinations are the key factors that drive Chinese tourists to undertake ethical tourism. In addition, service customization, service support and past experiences with ethical tourism are also important determinants of tourists’ satisfaction with ethical tourism, which further affects Chinese tourists’ intention to visit. Implications for ethical tourism marketing and management are then discussed with reference to how to promote more ethical tourism.

ACS Style

Ying Teng; Zhenzhong Ma; Lei Jing. Explore the World Responsibly: The Antecedents of Ethical Tourism Behaviors in China. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4907 .

AMA Style

Ying Teng, Zhenzhong Ma, Lei Jing. Explore the World Responsibly: The Antecedents of Ethical Tourism Behaviors in China. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (9):4907.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ying Teng; Zhenzhong Ma; Lei Jing. 2021. "Explore the World Responsibly: The Antecedents of Ethical Tourism Behaviors in China." Sustainability 13, no. 9: 4907.

Journal article
Published: 28 January 2021 in Sustainability
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In today’s highly uncertain environment, the value of creativity and innovation are increasingly critical. How individuals could improve their creativity and innovation performance has become the focus of attention. Future work self as an intrinsic motivation factor plays an important role in creativity and innovation. Based on the self-consistency theory, this study integrated proactive personality and informal field-based learning (IFBL) to explore the relationship between future work self and employee creativity to increase innovation performance. It used data from 201 R&D department employees in China’s high-tech companies. The results show that future work self has a positive effect on employee creativity and that IFBL mediates the relationship between future work self and employee creativity. This process is then positively moderated by a proactive personality. This study’s results help clarify the formation mechanism of creativity from the perspective of intrinsic motivation and indicate that future work self can drive individuals’ creativity and innovation efforts, especially under the consistency of self-concept, motivation and personality. This research also emphasizes the importance of IFBL in improving individual creativity and further organizational innovation performance. Implications for theory and management to help improve creativity and innovation performance are then discussed in detail.

ACS Style

Qichao Zhang; Zhenzhong Ma; Long Ye; Ming Guo; Shuzhen Liu. Future Work Self and Employee Creativity: The Mediating Role of Informal Field-Based Learning for High Innovation Performance. Sustainability 2021, 13, 1352 .

AMA Style

Qichao Zhang, Zhenzhong Ma, Long Ye, Ming Guo, Shuzhen Liu. Future Work Self and Employee Creativity: The Mediating Role of Informal Field-Based Learning for High Innovation Performance. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (3):1352.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qichao Zhang; Zhenzhong Ma; Long Ye; Ming Guo; Shuzhen Liu. 2021. "Future Work Self and Employee Creativity: The Mediating Role of Informal Field-Based Learning for High Innovation Performance." Sustainability 13, no. 3: 1352.

Journal article
Published: 06 August 2020 in Sustainability
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Knowledge management has become increasingly important in the era of knowledge economy. This study explores what is an optimal knowledge network for more efficient knowledge diffusion among strategic partners in order to provide insights on sustainable enterprises and a more knowledge-efficient innovation ecosystem. Based on simulated analyses of the efficiency of knowledge network models, including regular network, random network, and small world network, this study shows that a random knowledge network is more efficient for knowledge diffusion when a mixture knowledge trade rule is used. This study thus helps identify which knowledge networks facilitate knowledge exchange among collaborative partners for sustainable knowledge management. Management practitioners and policymakers can use the findings to design more appropriate knowledge exchange networks to improve the efficiency of knowledge diffusion in an innovation ecosystem.

ACS Style

Houxing Tang; Zhenzhong Ma; Jiuling Xiao; Lei Xiao. Toward a more Efficient Knowledge Network in Innovation Ecosystems: A Simulated Study on Knowledge Management. Sustainability 2020, 12, 6328 .

AMA Style

Houxing Tang, Zhenzhong Ma, Jiuling Xiao, Lei Xiao. Toward a more Efficient Knowledge Network in Innovation Ecosystems: A Simulated Study on Knowledge Management. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (16):6328.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Houxing Tang; Zhenzhong Ma; Jiuling Xiao; Lei Xiao. 2020. "Toward a more Efficient Knowledge Network in Innovation Ecosystems: A Simulated Study on Knowledge Management." Sustainability 12, no. 16: 6328.

Editorial essay
Published: 02 July 2020 in Journal of Business Ethics
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While China has experienced an unprecedented growth over the past decades, sustainability has become a major concern for policymakers and management practitioners. Consideration has been given to the convergence of mass entrepreneurship and innovation as a new economic driver and sustainability as a long-term economic objective. The focus of China’s economic development has moved from a resource-based expansion to a more entrepreneurial and socially responsible one. This is a timely and critical topic that captures the increasing concerns over sustainability and Chinese firms’ increased responsibility under the new governmental initiatives in fulfilling their social mandates from stakeholders at different levels. It is also a rich area for academic research but still under studied in the Chinese context. More indigenous management research on corporate social responsibility is required to adopt Chinese perspectives in conceptualizing CSR-related problems and further formulating more contextualized CSR theories, the emergence of a new research horizon.

ACS Style

Zhenzhong Ma; Maoliang Bu. A New Research Horizon for Mass Entrepreneurship Policy and Chinese Firms’ CSR: Introduction to the Thematic Symposium. Journal of Business Ethics 2020, 169, 603 -607.

AMA Style

Zhenzhong Ma, Maoliang Bu. A New Research Horizon for Mass Entrepreneurship Policy and Chinese Firms’ CSR: Introduction to the Thematic Symposium. Journal of Business Ethics. 2020; 169 (4):603-607.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhenzhong Ma; Maoliang Bu. 2020. "A New Research Horizon for Mass Entrepreneurship Policy and Chinese Firms’ CSR: Introduction to the Thematic Symposium." Journal of Business Ethics 169, no. 4: 603-607.

Journal article
Published: 24 April 2020 in Recent Advances in Computer Science and Communications
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Background: Network structure is a critical issue for efficient interfirm knowledge sharing. The optimal node degree turns out to be decisive because it is generally regarded as a core proxy of network structural characteristics. This paper is to examine what is the optimal node degree for an efficient network structure. Methods: Based on an interaction rule combining the barter rule and the gift rule, we first describe and then build a knowledge diffusion process. Then using four factors, namely network size, network randomness, knowledge endowment of network, and knowledge stock of each firm, we examine the factors that influence the optimal node degree for efficient knowledge sharing. Results: The simulation results show that the optimal node degree can be determined along the change in outer factors. Furthermore, changing the network randomness and network size has little impact on node degree. Instead, knowledge endowment of network and knowledge stock of each firm both have significant impact on the node degree. Conclusion: We find that an optimal node degree can always be found in any condition, which confirms the existence of a balanced state. Thus, policymakers can determine the appropriate number of links to avoid redundancy and thus reduce cost in interfirm networks. We also examine how different factors influence the size of the optimal node degree, and as a result, policymakers can set an appropriate number of links under different situations.

ACS Style

Houxing Tang; Fang Fang; Zhenzhong Ma. Exploring Efficient Network Structure of Interfirm Knowledge Sharing From Perspective of Optimal Node Degree. Recent Advances in Computer Science and Communications 2020, 13, 1 -18.

AMA Style

Houxing Tang, Fang Fang, Zhenzhong Ma. Exploring Efficient Network Structure of Interfirm Knowledge Sharing From Perspective of Optimal Node Degree. Recent Advances in Computer Science and Communications. 2020; 13 ():1-18.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Houxing Tang; Fang Fang; Zhenzhong Ma. 2020. "Exploring Efficient Network Structure of Interfirm Knowledge Sharing From Perspective of Optimal Node Degree." Recent Advances in Computer Science and Communications 13, no. : 1-18.

Articles
Published: 18 February 2020 in The Chinese Economy
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An increasing number of entrepreneurs have used crowdfunding to raise funds for their startups. While crowdfunding has attracted many entrepreneurs and investors, serial crowdfunding provides a new way to meet the financing needs of startups at different stages of development. Based on 281 serial crowdfunding projects that have raised funds in three key crowdfunding networks in China, this study investigates the impact of venture investors’ monitoring of crowdfunding projects on product innovation performance in the follow-up projects. The results show that venture investors’ monitoring of crowdfunding projects has a positive impact on product innovation in the follow-up projects, and the financing performance mediates the relationship between venture investors’ monitoring and product innovation. This result can help venture capital better understand the impact of crowdfunding projects on financing performance and further on product innovation in follow-up projects, which will have important practical implications. The findings of this study can also help increase the popularity crowdfunding as a new financing tool in China.

ACS Style

Yanjie Shang; Haiyun Yu; Zhenzhong Ma. Venture Investors’ Monitoring and Product Innovation Performance in Serial Crowdfunding Projects: An Empirical Test. The Chinese Economy 2020, 53, 300 -314.

AMA Style

Yanjie Shang, Haiyun Yu, Zhenzhong Ma. Venture Investors’ Monitoring and Product Innovation Performance in Serial Crowdfunding Projects: An Empirical Test. The Chinese Economy. 2020; 53 (3):300-314.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yanjie Shang; Haiyun Yu; Zhenzhong Ma. 2020. "Venture Investors’ Monitoring and Product Innovation Performance in Serial Crowdfunding Projects: An Empirical Test." The Chinese Economy 53, no. 3: 300-314.

Articles
Published: 06 February 2020 in The Chinese Economy
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To better help resolve the dilemma of more demand for bank lending and increasing defaulted bank loans, this paper develops a pricing model on SMEs’ group lending practice using a gaming method. The optimization method and the game analysis are used to model the dynamical interest rates of group lending in order to maximize the profits for SMEs and to guarantee basic income for commercial banks. A simulated empirical analysis is used to obtain the optimal lending rate and expected profits, and the results provide support for the proposed model. The result of this study provides valuable insights on designing effective incentives to encourage commercial banks to provide funds to SMEs and to encourage SMEs to pay back the loans to commercial banks, and thus is able to help resolve the funding dilemma between commercial banks and small and medium enterprises in China.

ACS Style

Qin Shang; Zhenzhong Ma; Xueyang Wang. In Search of the Best Interest Rate for Group Lending: Toward a Win–Win Solution for SMEs and Commercial Banks in China. The Chinese Economy 2020, 53, 285 -299.

AMA Style

Qin Shang, Zhenzhong Ma, Xueyang Wang. In Search of the Best Interest Rate for Group Lending: Toward a Win–Win Solution for SMEs and Commercial Banks in China. The Chinese Economy. 2020; 53 (3):285-299.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qin Shang; Zhenzhong Ma; Xueyang Wang. 2020. "In Search of the Best Interest Rate for Group Lending: Toward a Win–Win Solution for SMEs and Commercial Banks in China." The Chinese Economy 53, no. 3: 285-299.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2020 in Sustainability
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Globalization has created an urgent need to understand management practices in different cultures. This study examines Confucianism-based work values of nurse practitioners in Taiwan and explores their impact on conflict management approaches in order to help health practitioners maintain sustainable work relationships and improve organizational effectiveness in an increasingly stressful workplace. Based on the data from 259 nurse practitioners in Taiwan, this study shows that nurse practitioners in Taiwan consider holistic rewards, self-fulfillment and personal growth, challenge and responsibility, autonomy, and meaningfulness as important work values. Hierarchical regression results further indicate that nurse practitioners with strong group-centered needs, such as needs for holistic rewards, preferred collaborative methods to manage conflicts in the workplace, and individuals with strong self-centered needs, such as needs for personal growth and self-fulfillment and needs for autonomy, preferred competitive methods to manage conflicts. Interestingly, this study also finds that self-centered needs such as needs for self-fulfillment and personal growth, and needs for challenge and responsibility are also related to collaborative approaches. Managerial implications are then discussed for conflict management training for nurse practitioners under stressful work conditions.

ACS Style

Lei Jing; Zhenzhong Ma; Zhijuan Ma; Baomin Chen; Shuya Cheng. Nurse Practitioners’ Work Values and Their Conflict Management Approaches in a Stressful Workplace: A Taiwan Study. Sustainability 2020, 12, 1040 .

AMA Style

Lei Jing, Zhenzhong Ma, Zhijuan Ma, Baomin Chen, Shuya Cheng. Nurse Practitioners’ Work Values and Their Conflict Management Approaches in a Stressful Workplace: A Taiwan Study. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (3):1040.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lei Jing; Zhenzhong Ma; Zhijuan Ma; Baomin Chen; Shuya Cheng. 2020. "Nurse Practitioners’ Work Values and Their Conflict Management Approaches in a Stressful Workplace: A Taiwan Study." Sustainability 12, no. 3: 1040.

Journal article
Published: 03 July 2019 in Sustainability
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While it is well-known knowledge management is crucial for an organization’s competitive advantage, relatively little research has explored the process whereby knowledge management affects firm performance in a collectivistic culture such as China. This study is to explore the mechanism through which knowledge management helps improve firm performance and then to examine the mediating role of decision quality in the Chinese context. Using a self-administered questionnaire to collect data from Chinese entrepreneurs and with structural equation modeling, this study shows that knowledge accumulation, internal sharing, and external knowledge sharing all have a positive impact on firm performance, and decision quality partially mediates the impact of knowledge management on firm performance. This study adds value to the knowledge management literature by introducing decision quality as a mediating variable to examine the impact of knowledge sharing on firm performance in China. The findings of this study can help enrich the literature on knowledge management and firm performance and highlight the important impact of decision quality on knowledge management and firm performance. Management practitioners can also benefit from the findings.

ACS Style

Haiyun Yu; Yanjie Shang; Nan Wang; Zhenzhong Ma. The Mediating Effect of Decision Quality on Knowledge Management and Firm Performance for Chinese Entrepreneurs: An Empirical Study. Sustainability 2019, 11, 3660 .

AMA Style

Haiyun Yu, Yanjie Shang, Nan Wang, Zhenzhong Ma. The Mediating Effect of Decision Quality on Knowledge Management and Firm Performance for Chinese Entrepreneurs: An Empirical Study. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (13):3660.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Haiyun Yu; Yanjie Shang; Nan Wang; Zhenzhong Ma. 2019. "The Mediating Effect of Decision Quality on Knowledge Management and Firm Performance for Chinese Entrepreneurs: An Empirical Study." Sustainability 11, no. 13: 3660.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2019 in Journal of Business Research
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ACS Style

Jie Wu; Zhenzhong Ma; Zhiyang Liu. The moderated mediating effect of international diversification, technological capability, and market orientation on emerging market firms' new product performance. Journal of Business Research 2019, 99, 524 -533.

AMA Style

Jie Wu, Zhenzhong Ma, Zhiyang Liu. The moderated mediating effect of international diversification, technological capability, and market orientation on emerging market firms' new product performance. Journal of Business Research. 2019; 99 ():524-533.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jie Wu; Zhenzhong Ma; Zhiyang Liu. 2019. "The moderated mediating effect of international diversification, technological capability, and market orientation on emerging market firms' new product performance." Journal of Business Research 99, no. : 524-533.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2019 in Sustainability
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This study explores personality effects on the endorsement of ethically questionable negotiation strategies in Canada and China. With a sample of over 400 business professionals, this study examines the relationship between the Big Five personality traits and the perceived appropriateness of five categories of negotiation strategies in the two cultures. The results show that the Big Five personality traits strongly affect the endorsement of ethically questionable negotiation strategies (EQNS) both in Canada and in China, but in different ways. For Canadian negotiators, individuals high in conscientiousness, extraversion, and openness are more prone to use EQNS, and individuals high in emotional stability and agreeableness are less likely to use them. For negotiators from Mainland China, only agreeableness and emotional stability are negatively associated with the endorsement of the EQNS. Implications for research on business ethics and for negotiation practitioners and policymakers are then discussed.

ACS Style

Xiaoyi Liu; Zhenzhong Ma; Dapeng Liang. Personality Effects on the Endorsement of Ethically Questionable Negotiation Strategies: Business Ethics in Canada and China. Sustainability 2019, 11, 3097 .

AMA Style

Xiaoyi Liu, Zhenzhong Ma, Dapeng Liang. Personality Effects on the Endorsement of Ethically Questionable Negotiation Strategies: Business Ethics in Canada and China. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (11):3097.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiaoyi Liu; Zhenzhong Ma; Dapeng Liang. 2019. "Personality Effects on the Endorsement of Ethically Questionable Negotiation Strategies: Business Ethics in Canada and China." Sustainability 11, no. 11: 3097.

Articles
Published: 03 April 2019 in International Studies of Management & Organization
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This study examines what factors contribute to firm innovation performance as a result of successful launch of new products in China. Rather than simply applying theories of product innovation often developed in the West, this study takes an indigenous perspective to explore what product strategies and which environment factors, defined by Chinese managers, contribute to the improved firm performance. With the data of Chinese firms from over 40 cities across the country, this study surveys more than 700 manufacturing firms that have introduced new products to the market. The result shows that while a defensive product strategy is negatively related to a firm’s patent application, a prospector strategy helps increase its market share in China. In addition, innovation policy and total R&D investment drive a firm to sell more products overseas and increase its new product sales across the globe. Local talent market can also help improve a firm’s patent application but often drive the firm to focus more on domestic markets. Implications of the results for theory and practice are discussed.

ACS Style

Zhenzhong Ma; Quan Jin. Success Factors for Product Innovation in China’s Manufacturing Sector: Strategic Choice and Environment Constraints. International Studies of Management & Organization 2019, 49, 213 -231.

AMA Style

Zhenzhong Ma, Quan Jin. Success Factors for Product Innovation in China’s Manufacturing Sector: Strategic Choice and Environment Constraints. International Studies of Management & Organization. 2019; 49 (2):213-231.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhenzhong Ma; Quan Jin. 2019. "Success Factors for Product Innovation in China’s Manufacturing Sector: Strategic Choice and Environment Constraints." International Studies of Management & Organization 49, no. 2: 213-231.

Journal article
Published: 31 January 2019 in Industrial Marketing Management
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Drawing on the institution theory and the resource-based view of the firm, we propose a contingent view on the relationship between host market's institutional environment, emerging multinational enterprises (EMNEs)’ capability, and their innovation performance in the internationalization process. Specifically, we examine three key aspects of host market's institutional environment: market maturity, intellectual property right protection, and cultural distance, to investigate their distinct impact on innovation performance. We further explore how the effects of institutional environment is contingent upon firm-specific absorptive capability. The analyses of a panel data of 735 Chinese EMNEs provide support for this contingent view, and the findings of this study thus can help advance our understanding of the internationalization process of EMNEs.

ACS Style

Jie Wu; Zhenzhong Ma; Zhiyang Liu; Chun Kwok Lei. A contingent view of institutional environment, firm capability, and innovation performance of emerging multinational enterprises. Industrial Marketing Management 2019, 82, 148 -157.

AMA Style

Jie Wu, Zhenzhong Ma, Zhiyang Liu, Chun Kwok Lei. A contingent view of institutional environment, firm capability, and innovation performance of emerging multinational enterprises. Industrial Marketing Management. 2019; 82 ():148-157.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jie Wu; Zhenzhong Ma; Zhiyang Liu; Chun Kwok Lei. 2019. "A contingent view of institutional environment, firm capability, and innovation performance of emerging multinational enterprises." Industrial Marketing Management 82, no. : 148-157.

Journal article
Published: 14 January 2019 in International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research
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Purpose Entrepreneurship research clearly documents the importance of human and social capital and stresses the way in which entrepreneurs take advantage of their own social affiliations and network strategies in pursuit of their entrepreneurial goals, yet the research on returnee entrepreneurs’ human and social capital is not sufficiently studied in the international context, in particular when returnees’ overseas human capital and social capital may be a misfit with local business environment. Using the data from Chinese returnee entrepreneurs’ venture activities in China, the purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of returnee entrepreneurs’ overseas capital (human and social) and domestic capital (human and social) on their venture performance in China, and further explore the interaction effect of different social and human capital with China’s entrepreneurial environment. Design/methodology/approach This study surveyed 500 start-up businesses created by returnee entrepreneurs in China to collect data. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data on their demographic information, the information about the human and social capital of these returnee entrepreneurs, including domestic and overseas capital, various performance measures, and other control variables ending up with 226 usable questionnaires. Findings The results show that Chinese returnee entrepreneurs’ overseas human capital and social capital, as well as their domestic social capital, but not domestic human capital, have a significant impact on their venture performance. In addition, while domestic entrepreneurial environment does not affect the impact of overseas human and social capital on venture performance, it does provide an important contextual setting for domestic capital to improve returnee entrepreneurs’ venture performance. Originality/value The findings help enrich the understanding of the dynamic interplays among Chinese returnee entrepreneurs’ domestic human capital and social capital, overseas human capital, and social capital, as well as the entrepreneurial environment for returnee entrepreneurs’ success, which makes an important contribution to the international entrepreneurship theory by showing that overseas human capital and social capital are not a misfit with local markets. It also provides empirical support for the mediating effect of entrepreneurial opportunity identification. The important role of entrepreneurial opportunity is empirically supported in an international context: entrepreneurship is all about the discovery of entrepreneurial opportunities and exploitation of this opportunity to create viable business entities for new products and services, even in the Chinese context, a culture which is very different from the ones where the entrepreneurship theory was developed.

ACS Style

Zhenzhong Ma; Jinwei Zhu; Yong Meng; Ying Teng. The impact of overseas human capital and social ties on Chinese returnee entrepreneurs’ venture performance. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 2019, 25, 67 -83.

AMA Style

Zhenzhong Ma, Jinwei Zhu, Yong Meng, Ying Teng. The impact of overseas human capital and social ties on Chinese returnee entrepreneurs’ venture performance. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research. 2019; 25 (1):67-83.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhenzhong Ma; Jinwei Zhu; Yong Meng; Ying Teng. 2019. "The impact of overseas human capital and social ties on Chinese returnee entrepreneurs’ venture performance." International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 25, no. 1: 67-83.

Articles
Published: 02 September 2018 in Asian Journal of Technology Innovation
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Contemporary research on entrepreneurship has showed that social capital can improve the success rate of entrepreneurial activities, but focusing too much on social capital can also divert entrepreneurs’ attention to certain firm activities such as technological innovation. The purpose of this study is to explore such a paradox in order to better understand the impact of social capital on firms’ technological innovation performance in China. The current study explores this paradox with the data from 249 public listed Chinese firms that have received venture capital investment. The results show that both venture capitalists’ social ties and entrepreneurs’ social ties negatively affect these firms’ technological innovation performance, including total patents granted, R&D expenditure, and total factor productivity. In other words, venture capitalists’ social ties as well as entrepreneurs’ social ties actually impede, rather than facilitate their firms’ technological innovation. The results also show that entrepreneurs’ social capital mediates the impact of venture capitalists’ social capital on technological innovation performance. Managerial and policy implications for entrepreneurship research and technological innovation are then discussed for future research.

ACS Style

Zhenzhong Ma; Lei Wang; Keith Cheung. The paradox of social capital in China: venture capitalists and entrepreneurs’ social ties and public listed firms’ technological innovation performance. Asian Journal of Technology Innovation 2018, 26, 306 -324.

AMA Style

Zhenzhong Ma, Lei Wang, Keith Cheung. The paradox of social capital in China: venture capitalists and entrepreneurs’ social ties and public listed firms’ technological innovation performance. Asian Journal of Technology Innovation. 2018; 26 (3):306-324.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhenzhong Ma; Lei Wang; Keith Cheung. 2018. "The paradox of social capital in China: venture capitalists and entrepreneurs’ social ties and public listed firms’ technological innovation performance." Asian Journal of Technology Innovation 26, no. 3: 306-324.

Journal article
Published: 24 April 2018 in International Journal of Conflict Management
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Purpose This study aims to explore the impact of well-educated young Chinese employees’ notions of work on their conflict management styles in the increasingly turbulent workplace to help better manage work-related conflict in the time of transition in China. Design/methodology/approach Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data from over 400 young Chinese employees. The data were first factor analyzed to explore the underlying dimensions of contemporary work notions in China’s transition period. Hierarchical regression analysis was then conducted to explore the relationship between dimensions of work notions and conflict management styles. Findings The results showed that well-educated young Chinese employees’ notions of work consisted of sense of control, fulfilling and rewarding, holistic concerns, personal growth and development and meaningfulness. The results further indicated that young Chinese employees with strong needs to satisfy individual interests in their work tend to use competitive methods to manage work-related conflicts, employees with strong needs to satisfy group interests in their work prefer to use collaborative methods and those who believe in collective efforts in achieving individual goals through group goals’ obtainment are more likely to use collaborative and compromising approaches. Originality/value This study provides a new perspective to manage work-related conflict in the Chinese context. The findings of this study are able to help enrich conflict management theories in China and suggest insightful conflict resolution approaches to work-related conflicts in China’s changing environment. This study also helps bridge the research gap between work notions and conflict management styles. The results of this study can greatly facilitate Chinese companies’ endeavors toward crafting a more innovative workforce and help improve employee performance in China’s transition to industrialization.

ACS Style

Yong Meng; Haiyun Yu; Zhenzhong Ma; Zhiyong Yang. The impact of young Chinese employees’ notions of work on conflict management styles. International Journal of Conflict Management 2018, 29, 306 -326.

AMA Style

Yong Meng, Haiyun Yu, Zhenzhong Ma, Zhiyong Yang. The impact of young Chinese employees’ notions of work on conflict management styles. International Journal of Conflict Management. 2018; 29 (3):306-326.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yong Meng; Haiyun Yu; Zhenzhong Ma; Zhiyong Yang. 2018. "The impact of young Chinese employees’ notions of work on conflict management styles." International Journal of Conflict Management 29, no. 3: 306-326.

Case report
Published: 05 March 2018 in Nankai Business Review International
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Purpose Overseas work experiences have played a critical role in venture creation and success, yet the impact of overseas work experience on returnee entrepreneurs’ venture capital funding in the Chinese market remains understudied. This paper aims to explore the impact of returnee entrepreneurs’ overseas experiences on their opportunities of venture capital funding in China to help better understand the potential benefits that overseas work experiences bring to emerging markets. Design/methodology/approach The authors have conducted a two-year inductive field study to explore the impact of overseas experiences on Chinese returnee entrepreneurs’ funding in the Chinese market with in-depth interviews with returnee capital seekers (or the venture founders) and capital providers. Findings The results show that returnee entrepreneurs are more likely to succeed in acquiring financial resources for their new ventures if they skillfully present their overseas work experiences and international networks to manage the impression constructed by capital providers. Originality/value This research sheds light on how returnee entrepreneurs use impression management in external resource acquisition. It is clear that overseas experience has been regarded a symbol of personal capability closely associated with advanced knowledge and valuable human and social capital in the Chinese context. Resource holders appreciate such an association. The authors suggest that returnee entrepreneurs concerned about how to effectively acquire external resources should reflect upon the ways of presenting themselves to potential investors and fostering a positive image that encourages investors to commit to their ventures.

ACS Style

Jie Wu; Zhenzhong Ma. Misfit or xenophillia. Nankai Business Review International 2018, 9, 19 -32.

AMA Style

Jie Wu, Zhenzhong Ma. Misfit or xenophillia. Nankai Business Review International. 2018; 9 (1):19-32.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jie Wu; Zhenzhong Ma. 2018. "Misfit or xenophillia." Nankai Business Review International 9, no. 1: 19-32.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2017 in Journal of Business Research
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ACS Style

Weiwei Dong; Zhenzhong Ma; Xiaolian Zhou. Relational governance in supplier-buyer relationships: The mediating effects of boundary spanners' interpersonal guanxi in China's B2B market. Journal of Business Research 2017, 78, 332 -340.

AMA Style

Weiwei Dong, Zhenzhong Ma, Xiaolian Zhou. Relational governance in supplier-buyer relationships: The mediating effects of boundary spanners' interpersonal guanxi in China's B2B market. Journal of Business Research. 2017; 78 ():332-340.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Weiwei Dong; Zhenzhong Ma; Xiaolian Zhou. 2017. "Relational governance in supplier-buyer relationships: The mediating effects of boundary spanners' interpersonal guanxi in China's B2B market." Journal of Business Research 78, no. : 332-340.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2017 in International Business Review
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Innovation productivity differs across economies and latecomer countries are working hard to close the gap with developed countries. An investigation of 80 countries in the years of 1981–2010 shows that international patenting activities vary across countries. We also find that both high-tech related international export and inward foreign direct investment significantly contributes to emerging countries’ ability to produce cutting-edge technologies, but this effect does not exist for leading innovator countries. Moreover, although this study shows strong intellectual property rights (IPRs) protection is highly correlated with international patenting activities in leading innovator countries, it has a negative impact on emerging innovator countries’ national innovative capacity. The findings thus help better understand the role of international economic activities and IPR in enhancing national innovative capacity, and facilitate emerging countries’ effort to catch up with leading innovator countries.

ACS Style

Jie Wu; Zhenzhong Ma; Shuaihe Zhuo. Enhancing national innovative capacity: The impact of high-tech international trade and inward foreign direct investment. International Business Review 2017, 26, 502 -514.

AMA Style

Jie Wu, Zhenzhong Ma, Shuaihe Zhuo. Enhancing national innovative capacity: The impact of high-tech international trade and inward foreign direct investment. International Business Review. 2017; 26 (3):502-514.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jie Wu; Zhenzhong Ma; Shuaihe Zhuo. 2017. "Enhancing national innovative capacity: The impact of high-tech international trade and inward foreign direct investment." International Business Review 26, no. 3: 502-514.