The formation of postoperative intra-abdominal adhesions is a significant challenge in veterinary practice worldwide. Thus, several attempts have been made to identify agents that prevent the occurrence of these postsurgical adhesions. However, finding an ideal and effective agent remains a challenge. Herein, we investigate the potential of tadalafil and tadalafil/cellulose composite as promising therapeutics for preventing postsurgical intra-abdominal adhesions. A cecal abrasion model was established in 30 rats, which either left untreated or treated with tadalafil, cellulose, or tadalafil/cellulose. After 2 weeks, the adhesion formation was evaluated based on gross appearance, oxidative stress markers, pro-inflammatory cytokines, histopathological analysis, and immunohistochemical staining. Compared to the adhesion group, gross and histopathological findings revealed that both the tadalafil and cellulose groups significantly decreased adhesion formation, with better results observed after tadalafil treatment. Importantly the tadalafil/cellulose treatment completely prevented adhesion formation. Additionally, the treated groups showed reduced levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), while increasing the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) compared to the adhesion group. Furthermore, the treated groups reduced the expression of macrophage markers. These findings suggest that the intra-abdominal application of tadalafil and tadalafil/cellulose following abdominal surgery holds promise as a clinical strategy to prevent postsurgical intra-abdominal adhesions, with tadalafil/cellulose demonstrating superior efficacy.

The occurrence of intra-abdominal adhesions after abdominal surgical interventions is considered an important issue in veterinary clinics. Although several adhesion-reducing agents were evoked to overcome the formation of such intra-abdominal adhesions, their effectiveness was still unsatisfactory. Hence, the present study assessed and compared the antiadhesive capability of gelatine and alginate sponges to minimize or prevent the formation of post-surgical intra-abdominal adhesions in a rabbit model. The cecal abrasion model was induced in animals and left untreated as control positive or treated with either intra-abdominal application of gelatine sponge (GS) or alginate sponge (AS). Clinical observation, gross appearance and histological evaluations were performed after 2 weeks of surgery. Grossly, the gelatine sponge enhanced the formation of intra-abdominal adhesions compared to the alginate sponge and control positive groups. Furthermore, both GS-treated and sham groups revealed no fibrosis on histological outcomes. The AS-treated group induced an extensive reaction with the formation of a marked degree of fibrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration. It was concluded that a gelatine sponge possesses the potential to prevent adhesions that could be formed intra-abdominally after abdominal surgery. An alginate sponge stimulates the formation of these adhesions.

Background: Early diagnosis and treatment of anorectal atresia, a common congenital abnormality in calves, are crucial for preventing complications and ensuring the animal’s survival. Typically, newly born calves with this condition are present with an inability to defecate due to an absence of or an obstructed anal opening, often accompanied by abdominal pain and distension. History, physical examination, and radiographic imaging are frequently utilized diagnostic tools. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of needle aspiration as a supportive diagnostic technique for anorectal atresia in bovine calves under field conditions and to assess its role in decision-making to proceed with surgical intervention. Results: A total of 116 male calves, aged six hours to five days, were examined through clinical inspection, needle aspiration, and plain radiography. Clinical findings indicated that 62 cases had atresia ani, while 54 calves were diagnosed with atresia ani et recti. In cases without detectable swelling under the base of the tail, even with manually applied pressure on the abdomen, needle aspiration and radiographic findings showed positive results in 46.30% of calves. These cases were characterized by a radiolucent, distended rectal end close to the perineal skin surface (≤ 5 cm). Conversely, 53.70% of animals had negative aspiration results, with radiographic evidence of gas accumulation at the rectal end located > 5 cm from the perineal surface. Additionally, successful creation of an artificial anus at the perineum was achieved in cases with a rectal end near the skin surface. Whereas cases with a far rectal end more than 5 cm were subjected successfully to right flank laparo-typhlostomy. Conclusions: Needle aspiration is a straightforward, non-invasive technique that proves highly valuable in facilitating diagnosis and guiding surgical decisions in calves with anorectal atresia, particularly in cases where bulging is not observed upon manual abdominal pressure. It is most effective when the rectal end is within five centimeters proximal to the perineal skin surface.