This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.
Safety and quality of compound feed for experimental animals in Costa Rica is unknown. Some contaminants, such as Salmonella spp. and mycotoxins, could elicit confounding effects in laboratory animals used for biomedical research. In this study, different batches of extruded animal feed, intended for laboratory rodents in Costa Rica, were analyzed to determine mycotoxin and microbiological contamination (i.e., Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, total coliform bacteria, and total yeast and molds enumeration). Two methods for Salmonella decontamination (UV light and thermal treatment) were assessed. Only n = 2 of the samples were negative (representing 12.50%) for the 26 mycotoxins tested. Enniatins and fumonisins were among the most frequent toxins found (with n = 4+ hits), but the level of contamination and the type of mycotoxins depended on the supplier. None of the indicator microorganisms, nor Salmonella, were found in any of the tested batches, and no mold contamination, nor Salmonella growth, occurs during storage (i.e., 2–6 months under laboratory conditions). However, mycotoxins, such as enniatins and fumonisins tend to decrease after the fourth month of storage, and Salmonella exhibited a lifespan of 64 days at 17 °C even in the presence of UV light. The D-values for Salmonella were between 65.58 ± 2.95 (65 °C) and 6.21 ± 0.11 (80 °C) min, and the thermal destruction time (z-value) was calculated at 15.62 °C. Results from this study suggest that laboratory rodents may be at risk of contamination from animal feed that could significantly affect the outcomes of biomedical experiments. Thus, improved quality controls and handling protocols for the product are suggested.
Fabio Granados-Chinchilla; Carol Valenzuela-Martínez; Berny García-Murillo; David Aguilar-Madrigal; Mauricio Redondo-Solano; Andrea Molina. Microbiological Safety and Presence of Major Mycotoxins in Animal Feed for Laboratory Animals in a Developing Country: The Case of Costa Rica. Animals 2021, 11, 2389 .
AMA StyleFabio Granados-Chinchilla, Carol Valenzuela-Martínez, Berny García-Murillo, David Aguilar-Madrigal, Mauricio Redondo-Solano, Andrea Molina. Microbiological Safety and Presence of Major Mycotoxins in Animal Feed for Laboratory Animals in a Developing Country: The Case of Costa Rica. Animals. 2021; 11 (8):2389.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFabio Granados-Chinchilla; Carol Valenzuela-Martínez; Berny García-Murillo; David Aguilar-Madrigal; Mauricio Redondo-Solano; Andrea Molina. 2021. "Microbiological Safety and Presence of Major Mycotoxins in Animal Feed for Laboratory Animals in a Developing Country: The Case of Costa Rica." Animals 11, no. 8: 2389.
This review presents an overall glance at selected instrumental analytical techniques and methods used in food analysis, focusing on their primary food science research applications. The methods described represent approaches that have already been developed or are currently being implemented in our laboratories. Some techniques are widespread and well known and hence we will focus only in very specific examples, whilst the relatively less common techniques applied in food science are covered in a wider fashion. We made a particular emphasis on the works published on this topic in the last five years. When appropriate, we referred the reader to specialized reports highlighting each technique’s principle and focused on said technologies’ applications in the food analysis field. Each example forwarded will consider the advantages and limitations of the application. Certain study cases will typify that several of the techniques mentioned are used simultaneously to resolve an issue, support novel data, or gather further information from the food sample.
Graciela Artavia; Carolina Cortés-Herrera; Fabio Granados-Chinchilla. Selected Instrumental Techniques Applied in Food and Feed: Quality, Safety and Adulteration Analysis. Foods 2021, 10, 1081 .
AMA StyleGraciela Artavia, Carolina Cortés-Herrera, Fabio Granados-Chinchilla. Selected Instrumental Techniques Applied in Food and Feed: Quality, Safety and Adulteration Analysis. Foods. 2021; 10 (5):1081.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGraciela Artavia; Carolina Cortés-Herrera; Fabio Granados-Chinchilla. 2021. "Selected Instrumental Techniques Applied in Food and Feed: Quality, Safety and Adulteration Analysis." Foods 10, no. 5: 1081.
Starchy ingredients are a key source of carbohydrates and have an essential role in a healthy diet. Starch amount in foodstuffs is paramount as it allows diet professionals to base their formulations on scientific data. Herein, the total (TS) and resistant starch (RS) content, in a selection of typical starchy foods available on the Costa Rican market, for both human and animal consumption, is reported. The major types of starch, including physically encapsulated starch, were determined using in vitro methods AOAC OMASM methods 996.11, 2014.10, 996.11, 2002.02 and AACC 76-13.01 and 32-40.01. Samples were collected during 5 years as part of national surveillance plans. For feedstuffs, n = 252 feed ingredients (e.g., cornmeal and wheat products), n = 103 feeds (e.g., dairy and beef cattle), and n = 150 feed ingredient samples (selected based on their usage in feed formulations) were assessed for RS. In food commodities, TS and RS samples ascended to n = 287 and n = 371, respectively (e.g. bananas). Feed ingredients with higher TS values were cassava meal, bakery by-products, rice/broken, sweet potato, and cornmeal (93.37, 81.67, 72.33, 66.66, and 61.43 g/100 g, respectively). TS for beef and dairy cattle, pig, and calf feeds, ranged from 30.26 to 34.46 g/100 g. Plantain/green banana flour, as a feed ingredient, exhibited RS absolute and relative contributions of 37.04 g/100 g and 53.89%, respectively. Products with a higher TS content included banana flour, green plantain flour, japonica rice, and cassava flour (62.87, 63.10, 72.90, 83.37 g/100 g). The primary RS sources in the Costa Rican diet are, in absolute terms, green plantain and malanga (50.41 and 56.59 g/100 g). Depending on food habits, they may contribute in the range of grams of RS per day. TS and RS intake may vary considerably among ingredients, and the contribution of RS may be of nutritional importance for specific individuals.
Graciela Artavia; Carolina Cortés-Herrera; Fabio Granados-Chinchilla. Total and resistant starch from foodstuff for animal and human consumption in Costa Rica. Current Research in Food Science 2020, 3, 275 -283.
AMA StyleGraciela Artavia, Carolina Cortés-Herrera, Fabio Granados-Chinchilla. Total and resistant starch from foodstuff for animal and human consumption in Costa Rica. Current Research in Food Science. 2020; 3 ():275-283.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGraciela Artavia; Carolina Cortés-Herrera; Fabio Granados-Chinchilla. 2020. "Total and resistant starch from foodstuff for animal and human consumption in Costa Rica." Current Research in Food Science 3, no. : 275-283.
Avocado (a fruit that represents a billion-dollar industry) has become a relevant crop in global trade. The benefits of eating avocados have also been thoroughly described as they contain important nutrients needed to ensure biological functions. For example, avocados contain considerable amounts of vitamins and other phytonutrients, such as carotenoids (e.g., β-carotene), which are fat-soluble. Hence, there is a need to assess accurately these types of compounds. Herein we describe a method that chromatographically separates commercial standard solutions containing both fat-soluble vitamins (vitamin A acetate and palmitate, Vitamin D2 and D3, vitamin K1, α-, δ-, and γ-vitamin E isomers) and carotenoids (β-cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin, lutein, β-carotene, and lycopene) effectively (i.e., analytical recoveries ranging from 80.43% to 117.02%, for vitamins, and from 43.80% to 108.63%). We optimized saponification conditions and settled at 80 °C using 1 mmol KOH L−1 ethanol during 1 h. We used a non-aqueous gradient that included methanol and methyl tert-butyl ether (starting at an 80:20 ratio) and a C30 chromatographic column to achieve analyte separation (in less than 40 min) and applied this method to avocado, a fruit that characteristically contains both types of compounds. We obtained a method with good linearity at the mid to low range of the mg L−1 (determination coefficients 0.9006–0.9964). To determine both types of compounds in avocado, we developed and validated for the simultaneous analysis of carotenoids and fat-soluble vitamins based on liquid chromatography and single quadrupole mass detection (LC/MS). From actual avocado samples, we found relevant concentrations for cholecalciferol (ranging from 103.5 to 119.5), δ-tocopherol (ranging from 6.16 to 42.48), and lutein (ranging from 6.41 to 15.13 mg/100 g dry weight basis). Simmonds cultivar demonstrated the higher values for all analytes (ranging from 0.03 (zeaxanthin) to 119.5 (cholecalciferol) mg/100 g dry weight basis).
Carolina Cortés-Herrera; Andrea Chacón; Graciela Artavia; Fabio Granados-Chinchilla. Simultaneous LC/MS Analysis of Carotenoids and Fat-Soluble Vitamins in Costa Rican Avocados (Persea americana Mill.). Molecules 2019, 24, 4517 .
AMA StyleCarolina Cortés-Herrera, Andrea Chacón, Graciela Artavia, Fabio Granados-Chinchilla. Simultaneous LC/MS Analysis of Carotenoids and Fat-Soluble Vitamins in Costa Rican Avocados (Persea americana Mill.). Molecules. 2019; 24 (24):4517.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarolina Cortés-Herrera; Andrea Chacón; Graciela Artavia; Fabio Granados-Chinchilla. 2019. "Simultaneous LC/MS Analysis of Carotenoids and Fat-Soluble Vitamins in Costa Rican Avocados (Persea americana Mill.)." Molecules 24, no. 24: 4517.
Costa Rican animal feed production is continually growing, with approximately 1,238,243 metric tons produced in 2018. Production-wise, pet cat and dog food are in fifth place (about 41,635 metric tons per year) amongst animal feeds, and it supplies up to 90% of the national market. Pet food production has increased as a response to the increase in the population of dogs and cats in Costa Rica, where 50.5% of households own at least one dog and indicates more responsible ownership in terms of feeding pets. Part of the process of making dry pet food involves a thermal process called extrusion, which is capable of eliminating the microbial load. However, extrusion can compromise nutritional quality to some extent by denaturing proteins, oxidizing lipids, and reducing digestibility. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality and safety of dry pet food and to assess the effect of the extrusion process on digestibility and the quality of proteins, amino acids, and fatty acids. Pet food samples were collected before and after extrusion and were used to evaluate Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), based on Central American Technical Regulation (RTCA 65.05.63:11). In general terms, weaknesses in infrastructure, documentary evidence, and post-process practices were observed in two Costa Rican feed manufactories. Feed safety was surveyed through the analysis of Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Listeria spp., Staphylococcus aureus, aerobic mesophilic microorganisms, fungi, and yeasts counts. The extrusion process effectively reduced pathogenic microorganisms, and showed no effect on the digestibility of dog food (p = 0.347), however, it could reduce the availability of some nutrients (e.g., amino acids, fatty acids). Furthermore, a retrospective diagnosis was made for puppy food (n = 68), dog food (n = 158), and cat food (n = 25), to evaluate the history of nutritional quality and safety. Finally, it can be confirmed that the correct implementation of GMP allows feed manufacturers to deliver a product of optimum texture, smell, nutritional composition, and safety.
Astrid Leiva; Andrea Molina; Mauricio Redondo-Solano; Graciela Artavia; Lizeth Rojas-Bogantes; Fabio Granados-Chinchilla; Redondo- Solano; Rojas- Bogantes; Granados- Chinchilla. Pet Food Quality Assurance and Safety and Quality Assurance Survey within the Costa Rican Pet Food Industry. Animals 2019, 9, 980 .
AMA StyleAstrid Leiva, Andrea Molina, Mauricio Redondo-Solano, Graciela Artavia, Lizeth Rojas-Bogantes, Fabio Granados-Chinchilla, Redondo- Solano, Rojas- Bogantes, Granados- Chinchilla. Pet Food Quality Assurance and Safety and Quality Assurance Survey within the Costa Rican Pet Food Industry. Animals. 2019; 9 (11):980.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAstrid Leiva; Andrea Molina; Mauricio Redondo-Solano; Graciela Artavia; Lizeth Rojas-Bogantes; Fabio Granados-Chinchilla; Redondo- Solano; Rojas- Bogantes; Granados- Chinchilla. 2019. "Pet Food Quality Assurance and Safety and Quality Assurance Survey within the Costa Rican Pet Food Industry." Animals 9, no. 11: 980.
When present in animal feedstuff, mycotoxins contaminants and antibiotic residues can have negative implications for animal production and Public Health, including the transmission of carcinogenic compounds and the selection of antibiotic resistant bacteria, respectively. So far there are no available methods in which both mycotoxins and antibiotic residues are analyzed using a parallel extraction approach. To address this issue, we developed a LC/MS methodology with high sensitivity (0.005 to 6.42 and 24.55 to 132.73 μg kg− 1 for mycotoxins and antimicrobials) and specificity (unique target ion mass/charge) that allows the detection of 26 mycotoxins and 23 antibiotic residues in animal feedstuff and validated it through the determination of these analytes in 294 animal feed and feed ingredient samples in the framework of a country-wide surveillance program. Two hundred and five of these samples were analyzed for mycotoxins and 89 for antibiotics. Fumonisin was the most frequently toxin found, with FB1 and FB2 presenting prevalences of 50 and 52% and maximum concentrations of 14,927.61 and 8646.67 μg kg− 1, respectively. Other toxins, including diacetoxyscirpenol n = 4/101 (3.96%), fusarenon-X n = 2/101 (1.98%), citrinin n = 2 (1.98%), and patulin n = 1 (0.99%) were rarely found. Toxicologically relevant concentrations of toxin metabolites, such as HT-2 (6.38–485.49 μg kg− 1) and 3−/15-acetoxydeoxynivalenol (877.89–3236.56/5.44–1685.3 μg kg− 1), were also found. Few samples exceeded threshold mycotoxin concentrations defined in current EU guidelines. Dairy cattle and swine feeds included the higher number of samples exceeding guideline values (n = 6 and n = 5, respectively). From the total of samples analysed for antibiotics, 7.7% (n = 7/89) were classified as medicated for poultry and pigs. Unexpectedly, 57% of these medicated samples contained no detectable antibiotics (n = 4/7). The remaining 43% of the samples (n = 3/7) presented inconsistencies regarding the concentration of analytes declared on the labels or the antibiotics found. Likewise 74.6% (n = 50/67) of the non-medicated feed samples analyzed had antibiotic residues. Additionally, we analyzed commercial monensin standards for purity and evaluate batch-to-batch flushing feed industry practices. Herein we report the results for a year-wide analysis for mycotoxins and antibiotics in feed samples. Mycotoxins, several metabolites, and the occurrence of these emerging contaminants were evaluated and antibiotic residues in non-medicated feed samples were found using a targeted MS-based LC approach. This validated multi-analyte method is expected to facilitate the monitoring and surveillance of contaminants, from natural and anthropogenic origin, in animal feed.
Astrid Leiva; Geovanna Méndez; César Rodríguez; Andrea Molina; Fabio Granados-Chinchilla. Chemical assessment of mycotoxin contaminants and veterinary residues in Costa Rican animal feed. International Journal of Food Contamination 2019, 6, 5 .
AMA StyleAstrid Leiva, Geovanna Méndez, César Rodríguez, Andrea Molina, Fabio Granados-Chinchilla. Chemical assessment of mycotoxin contaminants and veterinary residues in Costa Rican animal feed. International Journal of Food Contamination. 2019; 6 (1):5.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAstrid Leiva; Geovanna Méndez; César Rodríguez; Andrea Molina; Fabio Granados-Chinchilla. 2019. "Chemical assessment of mycotoxin contaminants and veterinary residues in Costa Rican animal feed." International Journal of Food Contamination 6, no. 1: 5.
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites, produced by fungi of genera Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium (among others), which produce adverse health effects on humans and animals (carcinogenic, teratogenic and immunosuppressive). In addition, mycotoxins negatively affect the productive parameters of livestock (e.g., weight, food consumption, and food conversion). Epidemiological studies are considered necessary to assist stakeholders with the process of decision-making regarding the control of mycotoxins in processing environments. This study addressed the prevalence in feed ingredients and compound feed of eight different types of toxins, including metabolites produced by Fusarium spp. (Deoxynivalenol/3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, T-2/HT-2 toxins, zearalenone and fumonisins) and two additional toxins (i.e., ochratoxin A (OTA) and aflatoxin M1 (AFM1)) from different fungal species, for over a period of five years. On the subject of Fusarium toxins, higher prevalences were observed for fumonisins (n = 80/113, 70.8%) and DON (n = 212/363, 58.4%), whereas, for OTA, a prevalence of 40.56% was found (n = 146/360). In the case of raw material, mycotoxin contamination exceeding recommended values were observed in cornmeal for HT-2 toxin (n = 3/24, 12.5%), T-2 toxin (n = 3/61, 4.9%), and ZEA (n = 2/45, 4.4%). In contrast, many compound feed samples exceeded recommended values; in dairy cattle feed toxins such as DON (n = 5/147, 3.4%), ZEA (n = 6/150, 4.0%), T-2 toxin (n = 10/171, 5.9%), and HT-2 toxin (n = 13/132, 9.8%) were observed in high amounts. OTA was the most common compound accompanying Fusarium toxins (i.e., 16.67% of co-occurrence with ZEA). This study also provided epidemiological data for AFM1 in liquid milk. The outcomes unveiled a high prevalence of contamination (i.e., 29.6–71.1%) and several samples exceeding the regulatory threshold. Statistical analysis exposed no significant climate effect connected to the prevalence of diverse types of mycotoxins.
Andrea Molina; Guadalupe Chavarría; Margarita Alfaro-Cascante; Astrid Leiva; Fabio Granados-Chinchilla. Mycotoxins at the Start of the Food Chain in Costa Rica: Analysis of Six Fusarium Toxins and Ochratoxin A between 2013 and 2017 in Animal Feed and Aflatoxin M1 in Dairy Products. Toxins 2019, 11, 312 .
AMA StyleAndrea Molina, Guadalupe Chavarría, Margarita Alfaro-Cascante, Astrid Leiva, Fabio Granados-Chinchilla. Mycotoxins at the Start of the Food Chain in Costa Rica: Analysis of Six Fusarium Toxins and Ochratoxin A between 2013 and 2017 in Animal Feed and Aflatoxin M1 in Dairy Products. Toxins. 2019; 11 (6):312.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrea Molina; Guadalupe Chavarría; Margarita Alfaro-Cascante; Astrid Leiva; Fabio Granados-Chinchilla. 2019. "Mycotoxins at the Start of the Food Chain in Costa Rica: Analysis of Six Fusarium Toxins and Ochratoxin A between 2013 and 2017 in Animal Feed and Aflatoxin M1 in Dairy Products." Toxins 11, no. 6: 312.
Food and feed laboratories share several similarities when facing the implementation of liquid-chromatographic analysis. Using the experience acquired over the years, through application chemistry in food and feed research, selected analytes of relevance for both areas were discussed. This review focused on the common obstacles and peculiarities that each analyte offers (during the sample treatment or the chromatographic separation) throughout the implementation of said methods. A brief description of the techniques which we considered to be more pertinent, commonly used to assay such analytes is provided, including approaches using commonly available detectors (especially in starter labs) as well as mass detection. This manuscript consists of three sections: feed analysis (as the start of the food chain); food destined for human consumption determinations (the end of the food chain); and finally, assays shared by either matrices or laboratories. Analytes discussed consist of both those considered undesirable substances, contaminants, additives, and those related to nutritional quality. Our review is comprised of the examination of polyphenols, capsaicinoids, theobromine and caffeine, cholesterol, mycotoxins, antibiotics, amino acids, triphenylmethane dyes, nitrates/nitrites, ethanol soluble carbohydrates/sugars, organic acids, carotenoids, hydro and liposoluble vitamins. All analytes are currently assayed in our laboratories.
Carolina Cortés-Herrera; Graciela Artavia; Astrid Leiva; Fabio Granados-Chinchilla. Liquid Chromatography Analysis of Common Nutritional Components, in Feed and Food. Foods 2018, 8, 1 .
AMA StyleCarolina Cortés-Herrera, Graciela Artavia, Astrid Leiva, Fabio Granados-Chinchilla. Liquid Chromatography Analysis of Common Nutritional Components, in Feed and Food. Foods. 2018; 8 (1):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarolina Cortés-Herrera; Graciela Artavia; Astrid Leiva; Fabio Granados-Chinchilla. 2018. "Liquid Chromatography Analysis of Common Nutritional Components, in Feed and Food." Foods 8, no. 1: 1.
This review is mainly centered on beverages obtained from tropical crops, including tea, nut milk, coffee, cocoa, and those prepared from fruits. After considering the epidemiological data found on the matrices above, the focus was given to recent methodological approaches to assess the most relevant mycotoxins. Aspects such as singularities among the mycotoxin and the beverage in which their were found, and the economic effects and repercussions that the mycotoxin-tainted ingredients have on the beverage industry were pointed out. Finally, the burden of their consumption through beverages, including risk and health effects on humans, was addressed as well.
Fabio Granados-Chinchilla; Mauricio Redondo-Solano; Daniela Jaikel-Víquez. Mycotoxin Contamination of Beverages Obtained from Tropical Crops. Beverages 2018, 4, 83 .
AMA StyleFabio Granados-Chinchilla, Mauricio Redondo-Solano, Daniela Jaikel-Víquez. Mycotoxin Contamination of Beverages Obtained from Tropical Crops. Beverages. 2018; 4 (4):83.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFabio Granados-Chinchilla; Mauricio Redondo-Solano; Daniela Jaikel-Víquez. 2018. "Mycotoxin Contamination of Beverages Obtained from Tropical Crops." Beverages 4, no. 4: 83.
N6-(2-(2-Furanyl-2-oxoethyl))-l-lysine (furosine) is a deteriorative reaction product that is produced during heat treatment and storage of milk. This compound affects the quality of commercial dairy products. Accurate determination of furosine is necessary as it may serve as a measure of the degree of protein degradation in dairy products. In this article, two HPLC based methods (1. a novel ion-pairing reagent 2. a strong cation exchange column) are proposed to quantify furosine. These methods were optimized and validated for their application to analyze fluid milk and dried milk powder.
Graciela Artavia; Lizeth Rojas-Bogantes; Fabio Granados-Chinchilla. Two alternative chromatography methods assisted by the sulfonic acid moeity for the determination of furosine in milk. MethodsX 2018, 5, 639 -647.
AMA StyleGraciela Artavia, Lizeth Rojas-Bogantes, Fabio Granados-Chinchilla. Two alternative chromatography methods assisted by the sulfonic acid moeity for the determination of furosine in milk. MethodsX. 2018; 5 ():639-647.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGraciela Artavia; Lizeth Rojas-Bogantes; Fabio Granados-Chinchilla. 2018. "Two alternative chromatography methods assisted by the sulfonic acid moeity for the determination of furosine in milk." MethodsX 5, no. : 639-647.
Starch is an important nutrient in animal feed, and so its analysis is of considerable concern as it is one of the most relevant energy containing fractions. Method AOAC 996.11 was modified to exchange the enzymometric and colorimetric step full approach to a simpler HPLC amine-based column one. The method was optimized and validated for its application in animal feeds and silages. •We demonstrated that the method could be used for quality control for animal feeds and silages•We modified the final incubation time, the initial sample mass, the quantity of enzyme added and buffered, to pH 6.2, the medium to which α-amylase is added.•We applied a chromatographic analysis of the glucose that resulted from starch enzymatic hydrolysis, via a refractive index detector and amine-based chromatographic column.
Marcela María Salazar Murillo; Fabio Granados-Chinchilla. Total starch in animal feeds and silages based on the chromatographic determination of glucose. MethodsX 2018, 5, 83 -89.
AMA StyleMarcela María Salazar Murillo, Fabio Granados-Chinchilla. Total starch in animal feeds and silages based on the chromatographic determination of glucose. MethodsX. 2018; 5 ():83-89.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarcela María Salazar Murillo; Fabio Granados-Chinchilla. 2018. "Total starch in animal feeds and silages based on the chromatographic determination of glucose." MethodsX 5, no. : 83-89.
Fabio Granados-Chinchilla; Andrea Molina; Guadalupe Chavarría; Margarita Alfaro-Cascante; Diego Bogantes-Ledezma; Adriana Murillo-Williams. Aflatoxins occurrence through the food chain in Costa Rica: Applying the One Health approach to mycotoxin surveillance. Food Control 2017, 82, 217 -226.
AMA StyleFabio Granados-Chinchilla, Andrea Molina, Guadalupe Chavarría, Margarita Alfaro-Cascante, Diego Bogantes-Ledezma, Adriana Murillo-Williams. Aflatoxins occurrence through the food chain in Costa Rica: Applying the One Health approach to mycotoxin surveillance. Food Control. 2017; 82 ():217-226.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFabio Granados-Chinchilla; Andrea Molina; Guadalupe Chavarría; Margarita Alfaro-Cascante; Diego Bogantes-Ledezma; Adriana Murillo-Williams. 2017. "Aflatoxins occurrence through the food chain in Costa Rica: Applying the One Health approach to mycotoxin surveillance." Food Control 82, no. : 217-226.
Journal of Dairy & Veterinary sciences is a part of the Juniper publishers which publishes subject-specific articles in the field of Dairy and Veterinary Sciences. It is an Open Access, peer reviewed international journal which provides an opportunity to researchers and scientist
Fabio Granados-Chinchilla. A Review on Phytochemicals (Including Essential Oils and Extracts) Inclusion in Feed and Their Effects on Food Producing Animals. Journal of Dairy & Veterinary Sciences 2017, 3, 1 .
AMA StyleFabio Granados-Chinchilla. A Review on Phytochemicals (Including Essential Oils and Extracts) Inclusion in Feed and Their Effects on Food Producing Animals. Journal of Dairy & Veterinary Sciences. 2017; 3 (4):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFabio Granados-Chinchilla. 2017. "A Review on Phytochemicals (Including Essential Oils and Extracts) Inclusion in Feed and Their Effects on Food Producing Animals." Journal of Dairy & Veterinary Sciences 3, no. 4: 1.
Considering choline (ChCl) as an essential ingredient for animals and that it is administered through feed, we developed an easy, accurate, and sensitive method for its analysis. The method is straightforward, derivatization-free and has no secondary chromatographic interactions.
Fabio Granados-Chinchilla; Graciela Artavia. A straightforward LC approach using an amine column and single quad mass detector to determine choline chloride in feed additives and feeds. MethodsX 2017, 4, 297 -304.
AMA StyleFabio Granados-Chinchilla, Graciela Artavia. A straightforward LC approach using an amine column and single quad mass detector to determine choline chloride in feed additives and feeds. MethodsX. 2017; 4 ():297-304.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFabio Granados-Chinchilla; Graciela Artavia. 2017. "A straightforward LC approach using an amine column and single quad mass detector to determine choline chloride in feed additives and feeds." MethodsX 4, no. : 297-304.
Aflatoxins are mold-synthetized secondary metabolites that are ubiquitously present in agricultural commodities, such as cereals which in turn are substantial part of feed formulation. These toxins are capable of causing disease, exert severe toxic effects, and even death in humans and other animals. Aflatoxins are the only mycotoxins with the regulatory framework, hence we present the legal threshold uphold till now by international and regional control organizations. Additionally, herein we discuss worldwide prevalence of aflatoxins in feeds to demonstrate a global issue and major risks involved in toxin contamination. Furthermore, we present recent data regarding negative effects usually presented by food-producing and companionship animals when ingested. Also, we discuss briefly practical approaches to mitigate aflatoxin burden during feed processing focusing in Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) and hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) and we include novel approaches reported in literature to decontaminate feed-containing aflatoxins. Finally, we cite the literature so far published describing the effects of changing climate on aflatoxin production and contamination.
Andrea Molina Alvarado; Rebeca Zamora-Sanabria; Fabio Granados-Chinchilla. A Focus on Aflatoxins in Feedstuffs: Levels of Contamination, Prevalence, Control Strategies, and Impacts on Animal Health. Aflatoxin-Control, Analysis, Detection and Health Risks 2017, 1 .
AMA StyleAndrea Molina Alvarado, Rebeca Zamora-Sanabria, Fabio Granados-Chinchilla. A Focus on Aflatoxins in Feedstuffs: Levels of Contamination, Prevalence, Control Strategies, and Impacts on Animal Health. Aflatoxin-Control, Analysis, Detection and Health Risks. 2017; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrea Molina Alvarado; Rebeca Zamora-Sanabria; Fabio Granados-Chinchilla. 2017. "A Focus on Aflatoxins in Feedstuffs: Levels of Contamination, Prevalence, Control Strategies, and Impacts on Animal Health." Aflatoxin-Control, Analysis, Detection and Health Risks , no. : 1.
A Focus on Aflatoxin in Feedstuffs: New Developments in Analysis and Detection, Feed Composition Affecting Toxin Contamination, and Interdisciplinary Approaches to Mitigate It | InTechOpen, Published on: 2017-08-30. Authors: Fabio Granados-Chinchilla
Fabio Granados-Chinchilla. A Focus on Aflatoxin in Feedstuffs: New Developments in Analysis and Detection, Feed Composition Affecting Toxin Contamination, and Interdisciplinary Approaches to Mitigate It. Aflatoxin-Control, Analysis, Detection and Health Risks 2017, 1 .
AMA StyleFabio Granados-Chinchilla. A Focus on Aflatoxin in Feedstuffs: New Developments in Analysis and Detection, Feed Composition Affecting Toxin Contamination, and Interdisciplinary Approaches to Mitigate It. Aflatoxin-Control, Analysis, Detection and Health Risks. 2017; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFabio Granados-Chinchilla. 2017. "A Focus on Aflatoxin in Feedstuffs: New Developments in Analysis and Detection, Feed Composition Affecting Toxin Contamination, and Interdisciplinary Approaches to Mitigate It." Aflatoxin-Control, Analysis, Detection and Health Risks , no. : 1.
Guadalupe Chavarría; Andrea Molina; Astrid Leiva; Geovanna Méndez; Eric Wong-González; Marianela Cortés-Muñoz; César Rodríguez; Fabio Granados-Chinchilla. Distribution, stability, and protein interactions of Aflatoxin M 1 in fresh cheese. Food Control 2017, 73, 581 -586.
AMA StyleGuadalupe Chavarría, Andrea Molina, Astrid Leiva, Geovanna Méndez, Eric Wong-González, Marianela Cortés-Muñoz, César Rodríguez, Fabio Granados-Chinchilla. Distribution, stability, and protein interactions of Aflatoxin M 1 in fresh cheese. Food Control. 2017; 73 ():581-586.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuadalupe Chavarría; Andrea Molina; Astrid Leiva; Geovanna Méndez; Eric Wong-González; Marianela Cortés-Muñoz; César Rodríguez; Fabio Granados-Chinchilla. 2017. "Distribution, stability, and protein interactions of Aflatoxin M 1 in fresh cheese." Food Control 73, no. : 581-586.
Relevant epidemiological information is provided in this report for Salmonella based on data obtained from a Costa Rican surveillance program for animal feeds. In addition to prevalence, a description in terms of serotypes and tetracycline (TET) resistance of the isolates is included. A total of 1725 feed and feed ingredients samples were analyzed during 2009 and 2014, from which 110 Salmonella strains were recovered (76 from poultry, 23 from meat and bone meal [MBM], 3 from pet foods, and 8 from other feed). Retrieved isolates were serotyped and tested for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against TET. Salmonella strains were found mainly from poultry feed (different growth stages, n = 76/110; 69.1%) and MBM (n = 23/109; 21.1%). The rest of the isolates were recovered from feather meal, pet food, fish meal (n = 3/110; 2.3% each) and swine feed (n = 1/110; 0.9%). From the different serotypes recovered (n = 21), the most common were Salmonella Give (n = 18; 13.8%) and Salmonella Rissen (n = 6; 4.6%) for MBM and Salmonella Havana (n = 14; 10.8%), Salmonella Rissen, Salmonella Soerenga, and Salmonella Schwarzengrund (n = 8; 6.2% each) in poultry feed. Recovered strains were regarded to be sensitive or have an intermediate resistance to TET as evidenced by their MIC50 and MIC90 concentrations of 4 and 8 μg/mL for MBM and poultry feed, respectively. Compound feed and MBM samples exhibited strains characterized by 86.8 and 88.9% of the isolates classified (according to CLSI, 2015) as sensitive, 7.7 and 3.7% as intermediate, and 5.5% (with >256 μg/mL as the highest concentration) and 7.4% (with 64 μg/mL as the highest concentration) as resistant to TET, respectively. Salmonella serovars Anatum and Havana exhibited the highest resistance profile >256 and 128 μg/mL, respectively. Hence, MBM and poultry feed seem to be a target of interest if Salmonella incidence is to be controlled. Serotypes recovered have in the past demonstrated pathogenic capability; therefore, hereafter a stricter surveillance program may be in order.
Andrea Molina; Fabio Granados-Chinchilla; Marisol Jiménez; María Teresa Acuña-Calvo; Margarita Alfaro; Guadalupe Chavarría. Vigilance forSalmonellain Feedstuffs Available in Costa Rica: Prevalence, Serotyping and Tetracycline Resistance of Isolates Obtained from 2009 to 2014. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease 2016, 13, 119 -127.
AMA StyleAndrea Molina, Fabio Granados-Chinchilla, Marisol Jiménez, María Teresa Acuña-Calvo, Margarita Alfaro, Guadalupe Chavarría. Vigilance forSalmonellain Feedstuffs Available in Costa Rica: Prevalence, Serotyping and Tetracycline Resistance of Isolates Obtained from 2009 to 2014. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease. 2016; 13 (3):119-127.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrea Molina; Fabio Granados-Chinchilla; Marisol Jiménez; María Teresa Acuña-Calvo; Margarita Alfaro; Guadalupe Chavarría. 2016. "Vigilance forSalmonellain Feedstuffs Available in Costa Rica: Prevalence, Serotyping and Tetracycline Resistance of Isolates Obtained from 2009 to 2014." Foodborne Pathogens and Disease 13, no. 3: 119-127.
The essential oil of two related tree species, P. friedrichsthalianum and P. guajava, where obtained. A total of six different oil samples were recovered including leaves in dry/rainy season and fruits of both plant species. Oil yields ranged between 0.128% (P. friedrichsthalianum leaves during dry season)-0.743% (P.guajava leaves during rainy season). All extracts were subjected to a GC/MS analysis using, during the chromatographic separation, a polyethylene glycol column. In general terms, we recognized three independent biosynthetic routes i. aromatic compounds ii. Terpenes and iii.Fatty acids derivatives. Several compound were found to be preserved in several of the oils such as 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, α-terpineol and neointermedeol whereas Costa Rican guava fruit exhibit unique compounds such as 2H-pyran-2,6-(3H)-dione. Terpenes and fatty acids are among the most variable (p0.1%) and trace compounds. In addition, we evaluated the antimicrobial activity of these essential oils against common foodborne and food-spoilage related bacteria. The rainy season P. guajava leafs’ presented the highest antimicrobial activity against all the bacteria strains tested, with inhibition zones ranging from 31 to 52 mm. This study will help understand volatile composition of a fruit producing plant native from this geographic area and hints toward possible applications.
Fabio Granados Chinchilla; Erick Villegas; Andrea Molina; Carlos Arias. Composition, Chemical Fingerprinting and Antimicrobial Assessment of Costa Rican Cultivated Guavas (Psidium friedrichsthalianum (O. Berg) Nied. and Psidium guajava L.) Essential Oils from Leaves and Fruits. Natural Products Chemistry & Research 2016, 04, 1 .
AMA StyleFabio Granados Chinchilla, Erick Villegas, Andrea Molina, Carlos Arias. Composition, Chemical Fingerprinting and Antimicrobial Assessment of Costa Rican Cultivated Guavas (Psidium friedrichsthalianum (O. Berg) Nied. and Psidium guajava L.) Essential Oils from Leaves and Fruits. Natural Products Chemistry & Research. 2016; 04 (06):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFabio Granados Chinchilla; Erick Villegas; Andrea Molina; Carlos Arias. 2016. "Composition, Chemical Fingerprinting and Antimicrobial Assessment of Costa Rican Cultivated Guavas (Psidium friedrichsthalianum (O. Berg) Nied. and Psidium guajava L.) Essential Oils from Leaves and Fruits." Natural Products Chemistry & Research 04, no. 06: 1.
Heavy metals such as arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd), are potential toxic substances that may incorporate in productive systems in multiple ways including contaminated feedstuff. In this regard, we hypothesize that the main input of heavy metal contamination include mineral feed ingredients which, in turn, are included in compound feed to meet animals’ nutritional requirements. Hence, we offer a comprehensive heavy metal determination on imported feed grade mineral supplement samples (n = 435), comprised of 27 different sources including calcium/phosphorus, iron, cobalt, copper, cobalt, manganese, iodide, sulfur, potassium, sodium, selenium and magnesium were collected from eight different local feedingstuff manufactures, mineral and heavy metal as cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), arsenic (As) and mercury (Hg) analyses were performed using atomic absorption spectroscopy and microwave assisted digestion. Based on this premise, the main goals of the study were to determine mineral and trace mineral content and contrast these values with those advertised by the manufacturers and to determine heavy metal concentrations and compare these levels with the current regulation in commercially available mineral sources which are used in premixes and downstream formulation of compound feeds; a matter which remains undocumented.
Fabio Granados-Chinchilla; Sugey Prado Mena; Lisbeth Mata Arias. Inorganic contaminants and composition analysis of commercial feed grade mineral compounds available in Costa Rica. International Journal of Food Contamination 2015, 2, 8 .
AMA StyleFabio Granados-Chinchilla, Sugey Prado Mena, Lisbeth Mata Arias. Inorganic contaminants and composition analysis of commercial feed grade mineral compounds available in Costa Rica. International Journal of Food Contamination. 2015; 2 (1):8.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFabio Granados-Chinchilla; Sugey Prado Mena; Lisbeth Mata Arias. 2015. "Inorganic contaminants and composition analysis of commercial feed grade mineral compounds available in Costa Rica." International Journal of Food Contamination 2, no. 1: 8.