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Rivers transport terrestrial matter into the ocean, constituting a fundamental channel between inland and oceanic ecosystem and affect global climate change. To reveal chemical weathering processes and environmental health risks during flood periods, water samples were collected in the upper reaches of Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) in 2020. HCO3 − and Ca2+ were the most abundant anions and cations of the river water, respectively. The range of HCO3 − concentration was between 1.81 and 3.02 mmol/L, while the mean content of Ca2+ was 1.03 mmol/L. The results of the Piper diagram and element ratios revealed that the river solutes were mainly contributed by carbonate weathering and gypsum-rich evaporite dissolution. A mass balance model indicated that the contribution order of sources to cations in the main channel (Yibin-Luzhou) was evaporites > carbonates > atmospheric input > silicates. The order in the Chongqing—Three Gorges Dam was carbonates > atmospheric input > evaporites > silicates. These results showed a lithologic control on hydrochemical characteristics. Most sampling sites were suitable for agricultural irrigation according to the water quality assessment. However, indexes sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and soluble sodium percentage (Na%) were higher than 1.0 in Yibin-Luzhou and 30% in Yibin–Chongqing, respectively, suggesting a potential sodium hazard. In addition, except Tuojiang River and Shennong River, the risk of sodium hazard in tributaries was relatively low. High Na+ concentration in irrigation water can damage soil structure and function and ultimately affect agricultural production. Water quality in the upstream of a Piper diagram should attract enough attention.
Di Wang; Guilin Han; Mingming Hu; Yuchun Wang; Jinke Liu; Jie Zeng; Xiaoqiang Li. Major Elements in the Upstream of Three Gorges Reservoir: An Investigation of Chemical Weathering and Water Quality during Flood Events. Water 2021, 13, 454 .
AMA StyleDi Wang, Guilin Han, Mingming Hu, Yuchun Wang, Jinke Liu, Jie Zeng, Xiaoqiang Li. Major Elements in the Upstream of Three Gorges Reservoir: An Investigation of Chemical Weathering and Water Quality during Flood Events. Water. 2021; 13 (4):454.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDi Wang; Guilin Han; Mingming Hu; Yuchun Wang; Jinke Liu; Jie Zeng; Xiaoqiang Li. 2021. "Major Elements in the Upstream of Three Gorges Reservoir: An Investigation of Chemical Weathering and Water Quality during Flood Events." Water 13, no. 4: 454.
Riverine CO2 outgassing constitutes the important vertical conduit in global carbon cycle and affects climate change. In order to investigate the factors that control riverine pCO2 and CO2 diffusion rate (FCO2), river water samples were collected in the mainstream and 42 tributaries of Xijiang River, a karst river during the dry season in 2015. The pCO2 varied from 260 to 6354μatm with a mean value of 1765μatm, indicating most of the samples were oversaturated with respect to CO2 compared to atmosphere. The pH, pCO2, and HCO3− exhibited clearly spatial distribution pattern that pH and HCO3− decreased along the flow direction while the pCO2 increased along the flow direction. Theoretical calculation indicated that the water temperature fluctuation, bio-degradation/respiration, photosynthetic activities and anthropogenic acidic inputs were not the reasonable explanations. The lithologic differences essentially predominated the riverine pH, pCO2, and HCO3−, the upper reaches of Xijiang River flow through karst carbonate terrain and thus exhibited high pH, HCO3− concentrations meanwhile low pCO2, the spatial distribution of pH, pCO2, and HCO3− became visible as the continuous addition of silicate weathering products with low pH and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentrations. The mixing calculation indicated the DIC concentrations of silicate weathering should lower than 0.5 mmol/L. The calculated FCO2 of Xijiang River ranged between −38.6 and 1579.8 mmol/m2/D, with a mean value of 574.8 mmol/m2/D and median value of 410.9 mmol/m2/D. FCO2 exhibited obviously lower values in karst terrain compared that in silicate terrains, because carbonate weathering results in high pH of karst rivers, which caused the low relative proportion of pCO2 in DIC. More estimations of CO2 outgassing rate from the karst rivers are required due to the unique characteristics and geochemical process in karst landform.
Jinke Liu; Guilin Han. Controlling factors of riverine CO2 partial pressure and CO2 outgassing in a large karst river under base flow condition. Journal of Hydrology 2020, 593, 125638 .
AMA StyleJinke Liu, Guilin Han. Controlling factors of riverine CO2 partial pressure and CO2 outgassing in a large karst river under base flow condition. Journal of Hydrology. 2020; 593 ():125638.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJinke Liu; Guilin Han. 2020. "Controlling factors of riverine CO2 partial pressure and CO2 outgassing in a large karst river under base flow condition." Journal of Hydrology 593, no. : 125638.
As the important part of carbon cycle research, riverine dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) has attracted continuous attentions for its close relationship with global climate change. In order to investigate the dominant factors of dissolved inorganic carbon species and its stable carbon isotopic signals in large watershed under base flow condition, 81 river water samples were collected in the Xijiang River during the dry season in 2015. The elemental ratios in river water revealed the hydro-chemistry in Xijiang River were mainly controlled by the carbonate weathering. The characteristics of the most samples were the high DIC concentrations and narrow range of δ13CDIC, which can be interpreted as the result of chemical weathering under open system based on the simulated calculation of soil respiration and mineral dissolution. The relatively lower DIC concentrations and δ13CDIC values have been observed in tributaries draining silicate terrains, this result may be controlled both by the mineral dissolution and CO2 outgassing. Most samples had the over-saturated pCO2 levels compared to the atmosphere, the respiratory quotient (RQ) demonstrated that high pCO2 values were not from the biologic respiration, instead, the groundwater influx with the high soil pCO2 increased pCO2 level in river waters. The CO2 concentration gradient between river water and atmosphere caused a violent CO2 outgassing accompanied isotope fractionation. The outgassing significantly dropped the pCO2 in river water and caused an enrichment of C13 in DIC. Based on the theoretical calculation and previous observation, the negative correlation between the δ13CDIC and pCO2 in river water was caused by the CO2 outgassing. Additionally, the isotope exchange between the DIC and atmosphere CO2 can also partially increase the riverine CO2. This study examined the impacts of soil respiration, minerals dissolution and CO2 outgassing on DIC and δ13CDIC, and found that the riverine δ13CDIC is probably not reflect the mixing of source signals such as soil CO2 and carbonate, instead, it is mainly controlled by the fractionation in minerals dissolution and CO2 outgassing.
Jinke Liu; Guilin Han. Effects of chemical weathering and CO2 outgassing on δ13CDIC signals in a karst watershed. Journal of Hydrology 2020, 589, 125192 .
AMA StyleJinke Liu, Guilin Han. Effects of chemical weathering and CO2 outgassing on δ13CDIC signals in a karst watershed. Journal of Hydrology. 2020; 589 ():125192.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJinke Liu; Guilin Han. 2020. "Effects of chemical weathering and CO2 outgassing on δ13CDIC signals in a karst watershed." Journal of Hydrology 589, no. : 125192.
The profile distributions of soil organic carbon (SOC), soil organic nitrogen (SON), soil pH and soil texture were rarely investigated in the Lancangjiang River Basin. This study aims to present the vertical distributions of these soil properties and provide some insights about how they interact with each other in the two typical soil profiles. A total of 56 soil samples were collected from two soil profiles (LCJ S-1, LCJ S-2) in the Lancangjiang River Basin to analyze the profile distributions of SOC and SON and to determine the effects of soil pH and soil texture. Generally, the contents of SOC and SON decreased with increasing soil depth and SOC contents were higher than SON contents (average SOC vs. SON content: 3.87 g kg−1 vs. 1.92 g kg−1 in LCJ S-1 and 5.19 g kg−1 vs. 0.96 g kg−1 in LCJ S-2). Soil pH ranged from 4.50 to 5.74 in the two soil profiles and generally increased with increasing soil depth. According to the percentages of clay, silt, and sand, most soil samples can be categorized as silty loam. Soil pH values were negatively correlated with C/N ratios (r = −0.66, p < 0.01) and SOC contents (r = −0.52, p < 0.01). Clay contents were positively correlated with C/N ratios (r = 0.43, p < 0.05) and SOC contents (r = 0.42, p < 0.01). The results indicate that soil pH and clay are essential factors influencing the SOC spatial distributions in the two soil profiles.
Wenxiang Zhou; Guilin Han; Man Liu; Jie Zeng; Bin Liang; Jinke Liu; Rui Qu. Determining the Distribution and Interaction of Soil Organic Carbon, Nitrogen, pH and Texture in Soil Profiles: A Case Study in the Lancangjiang River Basin, Southwest China. Forests 2020, 11, 532 .
AMA StyleWenxiang Zhou, Guilin Han, Man Liu, Jie Zeng, Bin Liang, Jinke Liu, Rui Qu. Determining the Distribution and Interaction of Soil Organic Carbon, Nitrogen, pH and Texture in Soil Profiles: A Case Study in the Lancangjiang River Basin, Southwest China. Forests. 2020; 11 (5):532.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWenxiang Zhou; Guilin Han; Man Liu; Jie Zeng; Bin Liang; Jinke Liu; Rui Qu. 2020. "Determining the Distribution and Interaction of Soil Organic Carbon, Nitrogen, pH and Texture in Soil Profiles: A Case Study in the Lancangjiang River Basin, Southwest China." Forests 11, no. 5: 532.
The chemical weathering processes become a rising concern in carbon cycling research, because it can increase carbon budgets of lateral transport by rivers and effectively sequestrate atmospheric CO2. Recent studies suggest that the human perturbations can accelerate the chemical weathering, however, the processes of accelerated weathering and its potential environmental effects still remain questions. To examine the mechanism of the human-related accelerated weathering and its influences, the spatial-temporal distributions of the major ions and stable isotope compositions (δ34SSO4) in Jiulongjiang River are measured. The seasonal variations of the riverine solutes results from the hydrologic condition and different mineral dissolution rates of carbonate and silicate minerals. The H2SO4 and HNO3 indeed participate in the mineral dissolution, and increase the riverine C flux. S isotope compositions suggest the riverine H2SO4 is mainly derived from the anthropogenic sewage inputs and oxidation of sulfide, while the statistics and stoichiometry analysis indicating HNO3 are close related to the agricultural activities. On the watershed scale, the areas with high agricultural/urban land use areas (%) have significantly high TDS and DIC values in comparison with that in the areas with high forest covering, indicating the accelerated weathering processes have already been activated by the human perturbations. The assessments of the irrigation water quality suggest that the Jiulongjiang river water is facing the salinity hazard under the accelerated weathering conditions. More attention should be paid to the effect of human perturbations on chemical weathering.
Jinke Liu; Guilin Han. Major ions and δ34SSO4 in Jiulongjiang River water: Investigating the relationships between natural chemical weathering and human perturbations. Science of The Total Environment 2020, 724, 138208 .
AMA StyleJinke Liu, Guilin Han. Major ions and δ34SSO4 in Jiulongjiang River water: Investigating the relationships between natural chemical weathering and human perturbations. Science of The Total Environment. 2020; 724 ():138208.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJinke Liu; Guilin Han. 2020. "Major ions and δ34SSO4 in Jiulongjiang River water: Investigating the relationships between natural chemical weathering and human perturbations." Science of The Total Environment 724, no. : 138208.
Dissolved heavy metals are not only the essential micronutrients, but also the toxic elements for human bodies. To investigate the heavy metal sources and assess the water quality of the Lancangjiang River, dissolved Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, and Pb were detected in this study. The results show that dissolved Ni and Mo, Cr and Pb, and Cu and Zn were similarly distributed within the drainage basin. The correlation analysis exhibited that dissolved Ni and Mo had correlation with water parameter, and dissolved Cu was weakly correlated with Ni, indicating that they might be affected by natural processes. The principal component analysis explained 68.342% of the total variance for three principal components, of which dissolved Ni, Mo, and Cu were controlled by natural inputs; dissolved Cu and Cr were affected by anthropogenic activities; and dissolved Zn was influenced by agricultural activities in the downstream. The water quality showed that the water in upstream was worse than in midstream and downstream, and the whole drainage basin had water of excellent quality. Water within the drainage basin poses no risks to human bodies via daily diets and dermal routes. Dissolved Zn, Cu, and Mo occupied the major proportion of heavy metals transporting into the Mekong River. The agricultural inputs of dissolved Zn might pose potential risks to the Mekong River.
Bin Liang; Guilin Han; Jie Zeng; Rui Qu; Man Liu; Jinke Liu; Liu. Spatial Variation and Source of Dissolved Heavy Metals in the Lancangjiang River, Southwest China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 732 .
AMA StyleBin Liang, Guilin Han, Jie Zeng, Rui Qu, Man Liu, Jinke Liu, Liu. Spatial Variation and Source of Dissolved Heavy Metals in the Lancangjiang River, Southwest China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (3):732.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBin Liang; Guilin Han; Jie Zeng; Rui Qu; Man Liu; Jinke Liu; Liu. 2020. "Spatial Variation and Source of Dissolved Heavy Metals in the Lancangjiang River, Southwest China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 3: 732.
Jinke Liu; Guilin Han. Distributions and Source Identification of the Major Ions in Zhujiang River, Southwest China: Examining the Relationships Between Human Perturbations, Chemical Weathering, Water Quality and Health Risk. Exposure and Health 2020, 12, 849 -862.
AMA StyleJinke Liu, Guilin Han. Distributions and Source Identification of the Major Ions in Zhujiang River, Southwest China: Examining the Relationships Between Human Perturbations, Chemical Weathering, Water Quality and Health Risk. Exposure and Health. 2020; 12 (4):849-862.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJinke Liu; Guilin Han. 2020. "Distributions and Source Identification of the Major Ions in Zhujiang River, Southwest China: Examining the Relationships Between Human Perturbations, Chemical Weathering, Water Quality and Health Risk." Exposure and Health 12, no. 4: 849-862.
To identify whether the iron (Fe) mining area in the Jiulongjiang River basin (JRB) has an influence on the mercury in the forest soil, the spatial distribution patterns of mercury’s behavior on different controlling factors were analyzed, and a potential ecological risk assessment was done. A total of 107 soil samples were collected from two forest soil profiles, one profile near the Fe mining area and the other far from it. The soil near the mining area had a moderate potential ecological risk with high Fe content rich in the upper layer of soil (70 cm) of soil, respectively. The high Fe content in the upper layer of soil will compete for the adsorption of mercury by SOC, leading to the poor correlation between SOC and THg.
Rui Qu; Guilin Han; Man Liu; Kunhua Yang; Xiaoqiang Li; Jinke Liu. Fe, Rather Than Soil Organic Matter, as a Controlling Factor of Hg Distribution in Subsurface Forest Soil in an Iron Mining Area. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 359 .
AMA StyleRui Qu, Guilin Han, Man Liu, Kunhua Yang, Xiaoqiang Li, Jinke Liu. Fe, Rather Than Soil Organic Matter, as a Controlling Factor of Hg Distribution in Subsurface Forest Soil in an Iron Mining Area. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (1):359.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRui Qu; Guilin Han; Man Liu; Kunhua Yang; Xiaoqiang Li; Jinke Liu. 2020. "Fe, Rather Than Soil Organic Matter, as a Controlling Factor of Hg Distribution in Subsurface Forest Soil in an Iron Mining Area." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 1: 359.
Climate changes and other human activities have substantially altered the hydrological cycle with respect to elevation. In this study, longitudinal patterns in the stable isotopic composition (δ2H and δ18O) of Lancang River water, originating from the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, are presented, and several controlling factors in the wet season are hypothesized. Lancang River water δ2H (−145.2‰ to −60.7‰) and δ18O (−18.51‰ to −8.49‰) were low but close to those of the Global Meteoric Water Line. In the upper reaches of the river, δ2H decreased longitudinally, potentially due to groundwater inputs and melting ground ice in the headwater zone and to an increasing proportion of glacier meltwater with decreasing elevation. In the middle reaches of the river, δ2H values increased slowly moving downstream, likely due to shifts in precipitation inputs, as evidenced by the isotopic composition of tributaries to the main stream. In the lower reaches of the river, the isotopic composition was relatively invariant, potentially related to the presence of large artificial reservoirs that increase the water resident time. The results reveal different hydrological patterns along an alpine river in central Asia associated with both natural and anthropogenic processes. Understanding the degree and type of human interference with the water cycle in this region could improve water management and water security.
Kunhua Yang; Guilin Han; Jie Zeng; Bin Liang; Rui Qu; Jinke Liu; Man Liu; Liu. Spatial Variation and Controlling Factors of H and O Isotopes in Lancang River Water, Southwest China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 4932 .
AMA StyleKunhua Yang, Guilin Han, Jie Zeng, Bin Liang, Rui Qu, Jinke Liu, Man Liu, Liu. Spatial Variation and Controlling Factors of H and O Isotopes in Lancang River Water, Southwest China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (24):4932.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKunhua Yang; Guilin Han; Jie Zeng; Bin Liang; Rui Qu; Jinke Liu; Man Liu; Liu. 2019. "Spatial Variation and Controlling Factors of H and O Isotopes in Lancang River Water, Southwest China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 24: 4932.
To examine the chemical composition, potential sources of solutes, and water quality of Lancangjiang River, the concentrations of major ions (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, HCO3−, SO42−, Cl− and NO3−) in 45 river water samples collected in July and August 2019 were determined. Ca2+ and HCO3− are the predominant ions in river water. The extremely low K+ and NO3− concentrations and the sparse population suggest that the anthropogenic inputs are limited. The Pearson correlation coefficients and the elemental ratios Ca2+/Na+ versus Mg2+/Na+, Ca2+/Na versus HCO3−/Na+, [Ca2+ + Mg2+]/[HCO3−] versus [SO42−]/[HCO3−] reveal the mixing processes of different sources; the chemical composition of the river water is controlled by the mixture of carbonate weathering, evaporite weathering and silicate weathering inputs. To quantify the contributions of atmospheric input and rock dissolution, the forward method is employed in this study, which is based on the mass balance equation. The calculation results suggest the carbonate weathering inputs and gypsum dissolution make up the majority of the riverine cations, while silicate weathering and halite dissolution constitutes a relatively small proportion, the contributions of the atmospheric input are limited. The fast dissolution rate of evaporite and carbonate minerals and their lithologic distributions should be the key factor. To evaluate the water quality for drinking and irrigation purposes, the drinking water quality guidelines and the calculated parameters were employed, including sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), soluble sodium percentage (Na%,) and residual sodium carbonate (RSC). The assessments indicate that the river waters in the middle-lower reaches are generally suitable for irrigation and drinking purpose, and will not lead to health and soil problems, such as soil compaction and salinization. While in the upper reaches, the dissolution of carbonate and gypsum minerals transport abundant ions into river water and the river waters are not appropriate to use directly. This result highlights that the water quality status can also be affected by natural weathering processes in the area without anthropogenic inputs, where the long-time monitoring of water quality is also necessary.
Jinke Liu; Guilin Han; Man Liu; Jie Zeng; Bin Liang; Rui Qu. Distribution, Sources and Water Quality Evaluation of the Riverine Solutes: A Case Study in the Lancangjiang River Basin, Tibetan Plateau. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 4670 .
AMA StyleJinke Liu, Guilin Han, Man Liu, Jie Zeng, Bin Liang, Rui Qu. Distribution, Sources and Water Quality Evaluation of the Riverine Solutes: A Case Study in the Lancangjiang River Basin, Tibetan Plateau. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (23):4670.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJinke Liu; Guilin Han; Man Liu; Jie Zeng; Bin Liang; Rui Qu. 2019. "Distribution, Sources and Water Quality Evaluation of the Riverine Solutes: A Case Study in the Lancangjiang River Basin, Tibetan Plateau." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 23: 4670.
Dissolved inorganic carbon isotope composition (δ13CDIC), together with major ion concentrations were measured in the Mun River and its tributaries in March 2018 to constrain the origins and cycling of dissolved inorganic carbon. In the surface water samples, the DIC content ranged from 185 to 5897 μmol/L (average of 1376 μmol/L), and the δ13CDIC of surface water ranged from -19.6‱ to -2.7‱. In spite of the high variability in DIC concentrations and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2), the δ13CDIC values of the groundwater were relatively consistent, with a mean value of -16.9 ± 1.4‱ (n = 9). Spatial changes occurred in the direction and magnitude of CO2 flux through water-air interface (FCO2). In the dry season, fluxes varied from -6 to 1826 mmol/(m2·d) with an average of 240 mmol/(m2·d). In addition to the dominant control on hydrochemistry and dissolved inorganic carbon isotope composition by the rock weathering, the impacts from anthropogenic activities were also observed in the Mun River, especially higher DIC concentration of waste water from urban activities. These human disturbances may affect the accurate estimate contributions of carbon dioxide from tropical rivers to the atmospheric carbon budgets.
Xiaoqiang Li; Guilin Han; Man Liu; Chao Song; Qian Zhang; Kunhua Yang; Jinke Liu. Hydrochemistry and Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) Cycling in a Tropical Agricultural River, Mun River Basin, Northeast Thailand. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 3410 .
AMA StyleXiaoqiang Li, Guilin Han, Man Liu, Chao Song, Qian Zhang, Kunhua Yang, Jinke Liu. Hydrochemistry and Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) Cycling in a Tropical Agricultural River, Mun River Basin, Northeast Thailand. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (18):3410.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiaoqiang Li; Guilin Han; Man Liu; Chao Song; Qian Zhang; Kunhua Yang; Jinke Liu. 2019. "Hydrochemistry and Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) Cycling in a Tropical Agricultural River, Mun River Basin, Northeast Thailand." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 18: 3410.
The nutrient contents of Mun River water in northeast Thailand during the dry season were measured to investigate the effect of human activities on dissolved load species. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) values varied from 2.5 to 17.1 mg/L, averaging 9.0 mg/L; dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) ranged between 0.12 and 0.11 mg/L; Cl− values ranged from 1.7 to 668.6 mg/L, with an average value of 84.8 mg/L; dissolved silicon (DSi) varied from 1.7 to 9.9 mg/L; and SO42− values averaged 8.9 mg/L. DOC, Cl−, and SO42− contents decreased with the flow direction. The high concentrations of DOC, K+, Cl−, and SO42− in the upper reaches were closely related to anthropogenic inputs, specifically industrial sewage. The covariation demonstrated that these dissolved loads may have the same sources. In other regions, Cl− contents were derived from weathering products. DIN contents maintained the same level on the river, and few sampling sites with high concentrations of DIN were influenced by point source pollution. The extremely low P concentrations limited algal growth, and the DSi showed no clear relationship with N and K, indicating that DSi in the Mun River was controlled by the weathering input rather than biological effects. The exact reverse spatial distributions of DOC between the wet and dry seasons (which increased with the flow direction in the wet season) were due to different precipitation rates, and the rare rainfall in the dry season had difficulty flushing the soil and transporting soil organic matter into the rivers. The local government should control sewage discharge and optimize farming methods.
Jinke Liu; Guilin Han; Xiaolong Liu; Man Liu; Chao Song; Kunhua Yang; Xiaoqiang Li; Qian Zhang. Distributive Characteristics of Riverine Nutrients in the Mun River, Northeast Thailand: Implications for Anthropogenic Inputs. Water 2019, 11, 954 .
AMA StyleJinke Liu, Guilin Han, Xiaolong Liu, Man Liu, Chao Song, Kunhua Yang, Xiaoqiang Li, Qian Zhang. Distributive Characteristics of Riverine Nutrients in the Mun River, Northeast Thailand: Implications for Anthropogenic Inputs. Water. 2019; 11 (5):954.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJinke Liu; Guilin Han; Xiaolong Liu; Man Liu; Chao Song; Kunhua Yang; Xiaoqiang Li; Qian Zhang. 2019. "Distributive Characteristics of Riverine Nutrients in the Mun River, Northeast Thailand: Implications for Anthropogenic Inputs." Water 11, no. 5: 954.
Liu, J.; Han, G.; Liu, X.; Yang, K.; Li, X., and Liu, M., 2019. Examining the distribution and variation of dissolved carbon species and seasonal carbon exports within the Jiulongjiang River Basin (Southeast China). Journal of Coastal Research, 35(4), 784–793. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. The water chemistry, including major ions and dissolved carbon of Jiulongjiang River in SE China, were determined to examine the distributions and variations of dissolved carbon species. Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentrations in the river water were within the range of 7.50 to 49.04 mg/L (averaged 22.12 mg/L) in the wet season and from 8.83 to 84.91 mg/L (averaged 41.17 mg/L) in the dry season. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) varied from 0.54 to 2.89 mg/L (averaged 1.04 mg/L) in the wet season and from 1.34 to 3.56 mg/L (averaged 2.34 mg/L) in the dry season. The concentrations of DIC were comparable among the three tributaries, whereas the DOC was significantly higher in the Xixi River and Nanxi River than the Beixi River. The calculations employing the mass balance method indicated that weathering process and anthropogenic inputs played an important role in the dissolved carbon production in the Jiulongjiang watershed. The DOC exhibited significant correlations with the rural area whereas the DIC did not show any significant correlations with land-use types, indicating that the DOC was closely related to agricultural activities. The carbon export fluxes from the Jiulongjiang River were calculated based on the discharge data. The DIC-C export reached to 1.2 × 105 t/y, whereas the DOC-C export was nearly 3.2 × 104 t/y. In addition, seasonal variation of carbon exports had been observed; because of the large water discharge in the wet season, more DIC and DOC were transported from the Jiulongjiang River in the wet season than in the dry season. The source analysis demonstrated natural processes account for the majority of carbon exports.
Jinke Liu; Guilin Han; Xiaolong Liu; Kunhua Yang; Xiaoqiang Li; Man Liu. Examining the Distribution and Variation of Dissolved Carbon Species and Seasonal Carbon Exports within the Jiulongjiang River Basin (Southeast China). Journal of Coastal Research 2019, 35, 784 .
AMA StyleJinke Liu, Guilin Han, Xiaolong Liu, Kunhua Yang, Xiaoqiang Li, Man Liu. Examining the Distribution and Variation of Dissolved Carbon Species and Seasonal Carbon Exports within the Jiulongjiang River Basin (Southeast China). Journal of Coastal Research. 2019; 35 (4):784.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJinke Liu; Guilin Han; Xiaolong Liu; Kunhua Yang; Xiaoqiang Li; Man Liu. 2019. "Examining the Distribution and Variation of Dissolved Carbon Species and Seasonal Carbon Exports within the Jiulongjiang River Basin (Southeast China)." Journal of Coastal Research 35, no. 4: 784.
C and N species, including dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), NO3− and NH4+ contents in 57 river water samples collected from the Mun River of Thailand were measured to determine the relationships between these dissolved load species and their impacts on the environment. DOC values varied between 1.71 and 40.08 mg/L, averaging 11.14 mg/L; DON values ranged from 0.20 to 1.37 mg/L, with an average value of 0.48 mg/L; NO3−-N values averaged 0.18 mg/L; and NH4+-N values averaged 0.15 mg/L. DOC contents increased while DON and NO3− values decreased along the flow direction. The concentrations of NH4+ maintained the same level in the whole watershed. DOC and DON values exhibited clearly higher concentrations in comparison with other rivers worldwide and were inextricably linked with anthropogenic inputs. The relationships of DOC, DON, and anthropogenic ions imply that there are two different anthropogenic sources (industrial activities and agricultural activities) of the dissolved load in the Mun River watershed. The limited correlations between the DON, NO3−, and NH4+ indicate that the N species are not dominated by a single factor, and reciprocal transformations of riverine N pool are complex. Based on the environmental water quality standard reported by the EC (European Communities) and the World Health Organization, assessments of the water quality using the parameters of pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), NO3−, NH4+, and TN (total nitrogen) in the Mun River were conducted. The results demonstrate that the river water faces potential environmental pollution, and anthropogenic inputs endanger local water quality and the aquatic community. Therefore, the local government should restrict and reduce the anthropogenic inputs discharged in to rivers, and launch long-term monitoring of water quality.
Jinke Liu; Guilin Han; Xiaolong Liu; Man Liu; Chao Song; Qian Zhang; Kunhua Yang; Xiaoqiang Li. Impacts of Anthropogenic Changes on the Mun River Water: Insight from Spatio-Distributions and Relationship of C and N Species in Northeast Thailand. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 659 .
AMA StyleJinke Liu, Guilin Han, Xiaolong Liu, Man Liu, Chao Song, Qian Zhang, Kunhua Yang, Xiaoqiang Li. Impacts of Anthropogenic Changes on the Mun River Water: Insight from Spatio-Distributions and Relationship of C and N Species in Northeast Thailand. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (4):659.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJinke Liu; Guilin Han; Xiaolong Liu; Man Liu; Chao Song; Qian Zhang; Kunhua Yang; Xiaoqiang Li. 2019. "Impacts of Anthropogenic Changes on the Mun River Water: Insight from Spatio-Distributions and Relationship of C and N Species in Northeast Thailand." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 4: 659.
This study focuses on the chemical weathering process under the influence of human activities in the Jiulongjiang River basin, which is the most developed and heavily polluted area in southeast China. The average total dissolved solid (TDS) of the river water is 116.6 mg/L and total cation concentration ( TZ + ) is 1.5 meq/L. Calcium and HCO 3 − followed by Na + and SO 4 2 − constitute the main species in river waters. A mass balance based on cations calculation indicated that the silicate weathering (43.3%), carbonate weathering (30.7%), atmospheric (15.6%) and anthropogenic inputs (10.4%) are four reservoirs contributing to the dissolved load. Silicates (SCW) and carbonates (CCW) chemical weathering rates are calculated to be approximately 53.2 ton/km2/a and 15.0 ton/km2/a, respectively. When sulfuric and nitric acid from rainfall affected by human activities are involved in the weathering process, the actual atmospheric CO 2 consumption rates are estimated at 3.7 × 105 mol/km2/a for silicate weathering and 2.2 × 105 mol/km2/a for carbonate weathering. An overestimated carbon sink (17.4 Gg C / a ) is about 27.0% of the CO 2 consumption flux via silicate weathering in the Jiulongjiang River basin, this result shows the strong effects of anthropogenic factors on atmospheric CO 2 level and current and future climate change of earth.
Xiaoqiang Li; Guilin Han; Man Liu; Kunhua Yang; Jinke Liu. Hydro-Geochemistry of the River Water in the Jiulongjiang River Basin, Southeast China: Implications of Anthropogenic Inputs and Chemical Weathering. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 440 .
AMA StyleXiaoqiang Li, Guilin Han, Man Liu, Kunhua Yang, Jinke Liu. Hydro-Geochemistry of the River Water in the Jiulongjiang River Basin, Southeast China: Implications of Anthropogenic Inputs and Chemical Weathering. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (3):440.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiaoqiang Li; Guilin Han; Man Liu; Kunhua Yang; Jinke Liu. 2019. "Hydro-Geochemistry of the River Water in the Jiulongjiang River Basin, Southeast China: Implications of Anthropogenic Inputs and Chemical Weathering." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 3: 440.
In this study, the concentration of eight dissolved heavy metals (Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Mo, Sb, and Ba) in 42 water samples from the Jiulongjiang River, southeast China, were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Multivariate statistical methods, including correlation analysis (CA) and factor and principal component analysis (FA/PCA), were analyzed to identify the sources of the elements. Water quality index (WQI) and health risk assessment, including hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI), were used to evaluate water quality and the impacts on human health. Our results were compared with the drinking water guidelines reported by China, the World Health Organization (WHO), and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), revealing that Ti, Mn, and Sb were not within approved limits at some sites and might be the main pollutants in the drainage basin. Based on the spatial distributions, Ti, Mn, Fe, Ni, and Mo showed good similarity, indicating that they might come from similar sources along the river. The CA results also showed that Ti, Mn, Fe, Ni, and Mo had a high correlation coefficient. The FA/PCA results identified three principal components (PC) that accounted for 79.46% of the total variance. PC 1 suggested that a mixed lithogenic and urban land source contributed to Ti, Mn, Fe, Ni, and Mo; PC 2 showed that Cr, Ni, and Mo were influenced by the discharge of industrial effluents; Sb had a strong loading on PC 3, which was controlled by mining activities. The results of the WQI indicated that the water in the Jiulongjiang River was basically categorized as excellent water, but the water quality levels in site W5 and N4 were poorer due to urban land use. Hazard quotient and HI values showed that Sb was a potential threat to human health, indicating that preventive actions should be considered in regard to mining activities in the upper reaches of Beixi stream.
Bin Liang; Guilin Han; Man Liu; Kunhua Yang; Xiaoqiang Li; Jinke Liu. Distribution, Sources, and Water Quality Assessment of Dissolved Heavy Metals in the Jiulongjiang River Water, Southeast China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2018, 15, 2752 .
AMA StyleBin Liang, Guilin Han, Man Liu, Kunhua Yang, Xiaoqiang Li, Jinke Liu. Distribution, Sources, and Water Quality Assessment of Dissolved Heavy Metals in the Jiulongjiang River Water, Southeast China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15 (12):2752.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBin Liang; Guilin Han; Man Liu; Kunhua Yang; Xiaoqiang Li; Jinke Liu. 2018. "Distribution, Sources, and Water Quality Assessment of Dissolved Heavy Metals in the Jiulongjiang River Water, Southeast China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 12: 2752.
The stable isotope technique of oxygen and hydrogen (δ18O and δ2H) and deuterium excess (d-excess) was used to investigate distribution characteristics in June 2017 and January 2018 in the Jiulong River, southeast China. The results revealed that (1) seasonal isotopic composition was mainly controlled by precipitation. It enriched lighter water isotopes in winter more than in summer because of the aggravating effect of low temperature and great rainfall. (2) Spatial distribution of the North, West, and South River showed increasing enrichment of heavy isotopes in that order. In the high-flow season, the continuous high-flow made δ18O and δ2H homogeneous, despite increasing weak evaporation along water-flow paths in the West and South River. In the low-flow season, there was a decreasing trend in the middle and lower reaches of the North and West main stream and an increasing trend in the South River. (3) O and H isotopic geochemistry exhibited natural and anthropogenic influence in hydrological process, such as heavy rainfall and cascade reservoirs. The results showed that O and H isotopes are indeed useful tracers of the water cycle.
Kunhua Yang; Guilin Han; Man Liu; Xiaoqiang Li; Jinke Liu; Qian Zhang. Spatial and Seasonal Variation of O and H Isotopes in the Jiulong River, Southeast China. Water 2018, 10, 1677 .
AMA StyleKunhua Yang, Guilin Han, Man Liu, Xiaoqiang Li, Jinke Liu, Qian Zhang. Spatial and Seasonal Variation of O and H Isotopes in the Jiulong River, Southeast China. Water. 2018; 10 (11):1677.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKunhua Yang; Guilin Han; Man Liu; Xiaoqiang Li; Jinke Liu; Qian Zhang. 2018. "Spatial and Seasonal Variation of O and H Isotopes in the Jiulong River, Southeast China." Water 10, no. 11: 1677.