Kamalak, A., Canbolat, O., Atalay, A.I. and Kaplan, M. 2010. Determination of potential nutritive value of young, old and senescent leaves of Arbutus andrachne tree. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 37: 257–260. Potential nutritive value of young, old and senescent leaves of Arbutus andrachne tree was measured using chemical composition and in vitro gas production technique. Maturity had a significantly adverse effect on the chemical composition and in vitro gas production kinetics. Although crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber contents decreased, condensed tannin (CT) and ash contents increased with maturity. The organic matter digestibility (OMD) and metabolisable energy (ME) ranged from 59.34 to 65.47% and 8.84 to 9.76 MJ/kg DM, respectively. It is concluded that young and old leaves of Arbutus andrachne tree could be considered a moderate quality forage for sheep and goats. However, senescent leaves are only low quality forage.

The purpose of present study was to determine the quality and in vitro digestion parameters in silages of 100% pomegranate pomace (PPS), 100% apple pomace (APS) and 50% pomegranate pomace + 50% apple pomace (PAPS). The digestion parameters of 10% or 20% using of these silages in total mix ration (TMR) of dairy cattle were researched. The dry matter (DM), crude protein, flavonoids, tannins and anthocyanins of pomegranate pomace were higher than those of apple pomace. Fibrous and non-fibrous carbohydrates of pomegranate pomace were similar to those of apple pomace. The silage DM losses in APS decreased with pomegranate pomace (p = .004). The silage density, gas-methane production, and estimated digestion values of PPS and PAPS were higher than those of APS (p < .05). Lactic acid and pH value of APS and the PAPS were higher than the PPS (p < .01). The using of PPS up to 20% in TMR decreased in vitro estimated digestion of TMR (p < .05). The using of APS or PAPS up to 20% in TMR was appropriate for in vitro results. As a result, ensilaging of apple pomace with pomegranate pomace can increase silage density, silage DM; and can decrease silage DM losses; and do not affect silage quality-digestion parameters.

Objective: To investigate a potential relationship between I/D polymorphism within intron 16 of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene located on human chromosome 17 and Behçet’s disease. Materials and Methods: Genomic DNA was obtained from 35 Turkish patients diagnosed with Behçet’s disease according to the International Study Group criteria and 150 healthy individuals. Polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the presence of I and D (insertion and deletion) alleles in intron 16 of the ACE gene in these DNA samples. Results: We found differences in ACE I/D polymorphism between Behçet’s disease and healthy controls (χ2 = 4.61, d.f. = 1, p = 0.044). In Behçet’s disease patients, the D allele frequency was 84.3% and I allele frequency 15.7%. Conclusion: An association between Behçet’s disease and ACE polymorphism may provide a useful basis for future molecular studies and therapeutic approaches in this complex disease.

Hatay ilinde yetişen turunçgil posalarının ruminant beslemede alternatif yem kaynağı olarak kullanımı ve metan üretim kapasitesini belirlemek amacıyla; kuru madde (KM), pH, olması gereken pH (OlpH), fleig skoru (FS), ham kül (HK), ham protein (HP), ham yağ (HY), ADF, NDF, net gaz, net metan gazı, metabolik enerji (ME) ve organik madde sindirim derecesi (OMSD) içerikleri belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonunda pH değerleri 2.72 ile 3.48 arasında bulunan turunçgil silajının düşük değerlere sahip olması nedeniyle uzun süre depolanabilir bir silaj türü olduğu söylenebilir. Turunçgil silajları metan gazı üretim kapasitesi açısından değerlendirildiğinde % 8.17 ile 11.23 arasında değerler almış olup; en düşük metan gazı içeriği kabuksuz greyfurt cinsinden en yüksek metan gazı içeriği kabuklu Washington cinsinden elde edilmiştir. Turunçgil silajlarının yonca, mısır gibi silaj türlerinin metan gazı içeriklerine (%16-18) göre daha düşük metan gazı üretim kapasitesine sahip olması nedeniyle atmosfer’e yayılan sera gazı etkisi bakımından düşük kapasiteli az zararlı bir silaj türü olarak değerlendirilebilir. Metan gazı üretim kapasitesi açısından kabuksuz turunçgil silajlarının kabuklu turunçgil silajlarına göre daha avantajlı olduğunu söylenebilir. Sonuç olarak meyve suyu üretim tesislerinde her yıl gelişi güzel etrafa dökülen binlerce ton turunçgil posaları yem maliyetini düşürmek, kötü koku oluşumunu ve çevre kirliğini önlemek amacıyla uygun şekilde katkı maddesi olmadan silolanıp hayvan beslemede kullanılabilir.