The immersion phase-change cooling technology utilizes the latent heat of the cooling liquid to dissipate heat by directly contacting the cooling liquid with the heat-generating electronic chip, which can meet the cooling requirements of current high heat flux density data centers. In this paper, the effect of different factors on the heat dissipation performance of immersion phase-change cooling technology was explored through numerical simulation. The results show that, under certain power conditions, the inlet temperature and flow rate of the cooling water in the condensation module, as well as the different arrangement of servers, have a significant impact on the heat dissipation performance of the entire system. The inlet water temperature mainly affects the chip temperature after stabilization. With the decrease in the inlet temperature, the chip surface temperature decreases significantly. The inlet water flow rate mainly affects the time required for the heat exchange to reach the desired temperature. With the increase in the inlet flow rate, the required cooling time is shortened. As the spacing between servers increases, the thermal safety and stability of the entire system increase. When the spacing between servers increases from 5 mm to 15 mm, the highest temperature and the temperature uniformity coefficient between the systems decrease significantly. When the spacing increases from 15 mm to 25 mm, the highest temperature and the temperature uniformity coefficient decrease slightly. These results can provide useful information for the designers of immersion phase-change cooling systems to improve the cooling efficiency of data centers, save energy, and ensure the safe operation of related computers, servers, and communication systems.

CCHP (Combined Cooling Heating and Power) system is highly evaluated and developed rapidly around the world possessing better performance than traditional energy systems because of the cascade utilization of energy. Biomass is one of the renewable energy resources that is abundant and has been widely used in China for a long time. In this paper the principle and development of biomass gasification system and CCHP is clarified, the feasibility of combining the two systems together is analyzed from theoretical and technical points of view, and the active significance is also indicated. In conclusion, it is feasible to develop CCHP with Biomass Energy in an agricultural country such as China, which can flourish in the future.

With the rapid development of the edible fungus industry, the environmental pressure and resource waste caused by the massive generation of fungal residue have become increasingly prominent. Meanwhile, heavy metal wastewater pollution and the growing demand for clean energy pose dual challenges to sustainable development. This study focuses on Auricularia cornea var. Li. fungal residue, exploring the establishment of a multi-level resource utilization pathway integrating “porous carbon material preparation—heavy metal adsorption—photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.” Firstly, the Auricularia cornea var. Li. residue-based porous carbon material was examined by combining hydrothermal carbonization, activation and slow pyrolysis. In optimal conditions, the porous carbon obtained yielded a surface area of 675.56 m²/g and formed a composite pore structure consisting of micropores with coexisting micropore and mesopore. Secondly, we performed batch adsorption experiments to study the effects of solution pH, adsorbent dosage and contact time and the adsorption behavior via fitting adsorbing kinetic models. Under optimal conditions, Cd(II) removal efficiency reached 92.36% and an equilibrium adsorption capacity of 92.47 mg/g. We used Cd(II) adsorbed porous carbon as a cadmium source and converted into a CdS photocatalyst using a hydrothermal sulfidation process. The CdS prepared using sodium sulfide as a sulfur source gave an average hydrogen evolution rate of 668.01 μmol·g⁻¹·h⁻¹ and showed higher photocatalytic performance for water splitting to produce hydrogen.