About one third of food produced for human consumption is lost or wasted. For this reason, food losses and waste has become a key priority within worldwide policy circles. This is a major global issue that not only threatens the viability of a sustainable food system but also generates negative externalities in environmental terms. The avoidance of this forbidding wastage would have a positive economic impact on national economies in terms of resource savings. In this paper we look beyond this somewhat traditional resource savings angle and we shift the focus to explore the distributional consequences of food losses and waste reduction using a resource constrained modeling perspective. The impact due to the behavioral shift of each household is therefore explained by two factors. One is the amount of resources saved when the behavioral shift takes place, whereas the other one has to do with the position of households in the food supply chain. By considering the whole supply chain, instead of the common approach based only in reducing waste by consumers, we enrich the empirical knowledge of this issue and improve the quantification of its economic impact. We examine data for three EU countries that present different economic structures (Germany, Spain and Poland) so as to have a broader and more robust viewpoint of the potential results. We find that distributional effects are different for consumers and producers and also across countries. Our results could be useful for policymakers since they indicate that policies should not be driven merely by the size waste but rather on its position within the food supply chain.

The goal of this study is to analyse with an economic approach the impact assessment of COVID-19 on Andalusian tourism through the input-output methodology using the social accounting matrix (SAM). Tourism is one of the key sectors of the Andalusian economy, representing 13% of regional GDP and 14% of employment. We observe how the GDP reacts to possible changes in tourism, specifically to two possible situations: a pessimistic situation with a fall of 68% and an optimistic situation with a fall of 65%. To do so, we use the most recent SAM built for 2016, with an approximation for 2020, and a linear applied general equilibrium approach. This will allow us to have a first approximation of the real effect of the drop in the tourism sector in Andalusia.

Heritage sites attract cultural tourists and represent a major source of revenue and employment for the destination’s economy. This article assesses a cultural heritage site’s economic impact on its environment via linear models based on regionalized social accounting matrices. The proposed methodology is applied to data gathered on the Mosque-Cathedral of Cordoba in the year 2013 to determine the heritage site’s contribution to the host economy in terms of production and employment.