This study investigated the acute effects of narrow-band blue (460 nm) and red (630 nm) light exposure on cognitive performance, exercise capacity, perceived fatigue, and dynamic balance in healthy young males. To our knowledge, this is the first randomized crossover study to systematically assess the combined impact of pre-exercise light exposure on both cognitive-motor integration and aerobic performance within an exercise context. Fifty physically active young males participated in a randomized crossover design. Participants were exposed to either blue or red light, followed immediately by assessments of simple reaction time (SRT), Incremental Shuttle Walk Test (ISWT) distance, heart rate, perceived exertion, and Y-Balance Test performance. Blue light exposure led to a significant and large improvement in SRT (Δ = −53.33 ms; p < 0.001, η²_p = 0.270) and enhanced dynamic balance. Red light exposure produced greater increases in ISWT distance (Δ = +36.98 m; p = 0.004, η²_p = 0.453) and significant reductions in perceived fatigue and dyspnea. A moderate positive correlation was observed between SRT improvement and ISWT distance under blue light (β = 0.1869, p = 0.008). This study demonstrates that short-term, wavelength-specific light exposure may optimize both cognitive and physiological readiness prior to exercise. These findings provide novel evidence supporting the integration of individualized light-based strategies in athletic preparation protocols.

Background/Objectives: Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by reduced bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration, resulting in an increased risk of fragility fractures, particularly vertebral fractures. Genetic factors are considered important in osteoporotic fracture susceptibility, and polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene have been widely studied because of their role in bone metabolism. To evaluate the distribution of VDR gene polymorphisms (FokI, BsmI, ApaI, and TaqI) in patients with osteoporotic vertebral fractures and to assess their association with fracture susceptibility. Methods: This case–control study included 86 individuals: 43 patients who underwent vertebroplasty for osteoporotic vertebral fractures and 43 osteoporotic individuals without vertebral fractures serving as controls. VDR gene polymorphisms ApaI, TaqI, BsmI and FokI were analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Genotype distributions were compared using Fisher’s exact test, and Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium was evaluated. Results: A significant difference between groups was observed only for the ApaI polymorphism (p = 0.002). The GG genotype was more frequent in patients, whereas the variant genotypes (GT and TT) were more prevalent in controls. The GG genotype was associated with an increased risk of vertebral fractures, while the presence of variant genotypes may be associated with reduced fracture susceptibility. No significant associations were found for TaqI, BsmI, or FokI polymorphisms. Conclusions: The ApaI polymorphism of the VDR gene may represent a protective genetic factor against osteoporotic vertebral fractures. In contrast, no associations were identified for the TaqI, BsmI, or FokI polymorphisms in this cohort. Larger studies in diverse populations are required to confirm these findings and to clarify the role of VDR gene variants in fracture susceptibility.

In this study, our goal is to examine the radiological findings and clinical outcomes of nine patients with intradiploic masses, who were treated at our clinic, along with a comprehensive review of the existing literature. The study includes a total of nine adult patients, who were under follow-up and treatment for intradiploic masses from 2015 to 2022. Exclusions from the study criteria comprised patients in the pediatric age group, those with a documented history of cancer, prior cranial surgery, active central nervous system infection, and acute head trauma resulting in cranial damage. Our study comprised a total of nine patients, with six females and three males, with a median age of 36 years (range: 18–76). Epidermoid cysts were identified in two patients, whereas others presented with cavernous hemangioma, arachnoid/leptomeningeal cyst, intradiploic lipoma, dermoid cyst, arachnoid cyst, fibrous dysplasia, and eosinophilic granuloma. Among the cohort, eight patients presented with headaches. The patient with cavernous hemangioma underwent total resection and mini-plate reconstruction. Similarly, total resection was performed in cases of leptomeningeal cyst (n = 1) and intradiploic lipoma (n = 1). In a single patient, fibrous dysplasia was diagnosed through open biopsy. For the patient with eosinophilic granuloma, total mass excision and chemotherapy were undertaken. Notably, four patients (44.4%), including those with epidermoid cysts (n = 2), dermoid cyst (n = 1), and arachnoid cyst (n = 1), were managed conservatively without surgical intervention. The use of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in intradiploic lesions seems sufficient to differentiate the mass. However, it may be difficult to reach a definitive diagnosis in some patients without surgery. Therefore, based on the experience of clinical management, it is important to evaluate in detail the various radiological and clinical findings for further therapeutic decision making.,

Otuz yaşındaki akciğer kanseri tanılı erkek hastada, çoklu vertebra metastazlarına yönelik uygulanan vertebroplasti işlemi sonrasında sement sızıntısına bağlı olarak pulmoner emboli ve pnömotoraks gibi ciddi komplikasyonlar gelişmiştir. Cerrahi müdahale ve tüp torakostomi sonrası hastanın motor fonksiyonlarında kısmi iyileşme gözlense de takiplerinde radyasyon miyeliti saptanması üzerine posterior stabilizasyon ve dekompresyon operasyonları uygulanmıştır. Bu vaka, vertebroplasti operasyonlarında sementin hedeflenen bölge dışına taşma riskinin ve işlem sonrası gelişebilecek nörolojik ile radyolojik komplikasyonların yakından takip edilmesinin hayati önemini vurgulamaktadır. A 30-year-old male patient with lung cancer and multiple vertebral metastases developed serious complications, including pulmonary embolism and pneumothorax, due to cement leakage following a vertebroplasty procedure. Although partial improvement in motor deficits was achieved through surgical intervention and tube thoracostomy, the patient later required posterior stabilization and decompression due to the development of radiation myelitis. This case underscores the critical importance of monitoring for cement leakage and subsequent radiological or neurological complications even when the patient appears clinically stable after the procedure.