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Hydrogen (H2) generation from cheese whey with simultaneous production and extraction of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) was studied in UASB reactors at two temperatures (20 and 35 °C) and pH values (5.0 and 4.5). The extraction module, installed through a recirculation loop, was a silicone tube coil submerged in water, which allows concentration-driven extraction of undissociated VFAs. Operating conditions were selected as a compromise for the recovery of both H2 and VFAs. Batch experiments showed a higher yield (0.9 mol H2 mol−1 glucoseeq.) at 35 °C and pH 5.0, regardless of the presence of the extraction module, whereas lower yields were obtained at pH 4.5 and 20 °C (0.5 and 0.3 mol H2 mol−1 glucoseeq., respectively). VFAs crossed the silicone membrane, with a strong preference for butyric over propionic and acetic acid due to its higher hydrophobicity. Sugars, lactic acid and nutrients were retained, resulting in an extracted solution of up to 2.5 g L−1 butyric acid with more than 90% purity. Continuous experiment confirmed those results, with production rates up to 2.0 L H2 L−1 d−1 and butyric acid extraction both in-line (from the UASB recirculation) and off-line (from the UASB effluent). In-line VFA extraction can reduce the operating costs of fermentation, facilitating downstream processing for the recovery of marketable VFAs without affecting the H2 production.
Paolo Dessì; Fabiano Asunis; Harish Ravishankar; Francesco Giuseppe Cocco; Giorgia De Gioannis; Aldo Muntoni; Piet N.L. Lens. Fermentative hydrogen production from cheese whey with in-line, concentration gradient-driven butyric acid extraction. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2020, 45, 24453 -24466.
AMA StylePaolo Dessì, Fabiano Asunis, Harish Ravishankar, Francesco Giuseppe Cocco, Giorgia De Gioannis, Aldo Muntoni, Piet N.L. Lens. Fermentative hydrogen production from cheese whey with in-line, concentration gradient-driven butyric acid extraction. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2020; 45 (46):24453-24466.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaolo Dessì; Fabiano Asunis; Harish Ravishankar; Francesco Giuseppe Cocco; Giorgia De Gioannis; Aldo Muntoni; Piet N.L. Lens. 2020. "Fermentative hydrogen production from cheese whey with in-line, concentration gradient-driven butyric acid extraction." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 45, no. 46: 24453-24466.
The concept of biorefinery expands the possibilities to extract value from organic matter in form of either bespoke crops or organic waste. The viability of biorefinery schemes depends on the recovery of higher-value chemicals with potential for a wide distribution and an untapped marketability. The feasibility of biorefining organic waste is enhanced by the fact that the biorefinery will typically receive a waste management fee for accepting organic waste. The development and implementation of waste biorefinery concepts can open up a wide array of possibilities to shift waste management towards higher sustainability. However, barriers encompassing environmental, technical, economic, logistic, social and legislative aspects need to be overcome. For instance, waste biorefineries are likely to be complex systems due to the variability, heterogeneity and low purity of waste materials as opposed to dedicated biomasses. This article discusses the drivers that can make the biorefinery concept applicable to waste management and the possibilities for its development to full scale. Technological, strategic and market constraints affect the successful implementations of these systems. Fluctuations in waste characteristics, the level of contamination in the organic waste fraction, the proximity of the organic waste resource, the markets for the biorefinery products, the potential for integration with other industrial processes and disposal of final residues are all critical aspects requiring detailed analysis. Furthermore, interventions from policy makers are necessary to foster sustainable bio-based solutions for waste management.
Luca Alibardi; Thomas F. Astrup; Fabiano Asunis; William P. Clarke; Giorgia De Gioannis; Paolo Dessì; Piet N.L. Lens; Maria Cristina Lavagnolo; Lidia Lombardi; Aldo Muntoni; Alberto Pivato; Alessandra Polettini; Raffaella Pomi; Andreina Rossi; Alessandro Spagni; Daniela Spiga. Organic waste biorefineries: Looking towards implementation. Waste Management 2020, 114, 274 -286.
AMA StyleLuca Alibardi, Thomas F. Astrup, Fabiano Asunis, William P. Clarke, Giorgia De Gioannis, Paolo Dessì, Piet N.L. Lens, Maria Cristina Lavagnolo, Lidia Lombardi, Aldo Muntoni, Alberto Pivato, Alessandra Polettini, Raffaella Pomi, Andreina Rossi, Alessandro Spagni, Daniela Spiga. Organic waste biorefineries: Looking towards implementation. Waste Management. 2020; 114 ():274-286.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuca Alibardi; Thomas F. Astrup; Fabiano Asunis; William P. Clarke; Giorgia De Gioannis; Paolo Dessì; Piet N.L. Lens; Maria Cristina Lavagnolo; Lidia Lombardi; Aldo Muntoni; Alberto Pivato; Alessandra Polettini; Raffaella Pomi; Andreina Rossi; Alessandro Spagni; Daniela Spiga. 2020. "Organic waste biorefineries: Looking towards implementation." Waste Management 114, no. : 274-286.
Ash generated by biomass combustion has been envisaged as a potential composting additive in order to address some of the most common critical issues concerning the composting process and final product quality. Nonetheless, a deeper awareness for the effective feasibility of such ash reuse option should be pursued. In this work, all the ash types produced at different sections of a typical biomass combustion plant (namely bottom, boiler and fly ash) were characterised with the scope of identifying the weaknesses and strengths of each residue in the light of their reuse as a composting additive. The results manifest that boiler and fly ash were very enriched in nutrients such as calcium, potassium, magnesium and phosphorus. They also had high porosity and water holding capacity. Because of these properties, they could act as a mineral additive and a physical amendment in composting. The pH values for boiler and fly ash were 12 and 13, respectively, so they could also act as a liming agent in composting of acidic substrates. The electrical conductivity was high (16 and 33 mS·cm−1, respectively) and could be harmful for plant growth. On the other hand, bottom ash had low salinity and alkalinity, but the physical properties and nutrient content were not of interest for composting. Heavy metals release was not a concern in all the ash types.
C. Asquer; G. Cappai; A. Carucci; G. De Gioannis; A. Muntoni; M. Piredda; D. Spiga. Biomass ash characterisation for reuse as additive in composting process. Biomass and Bioenergy 2019, 123, 186 -194.
AMA StyleC. Asquer, G. Cappai, A. Carucci, G. De Gioannis, A. Muntoni, M. Piredda, D. Spiga. Biomass ash characterisation for reuse as additive in composting process. Biomass and Bioenergy. 2019; 123 ():186-194.
Chicago/Turabian StyleC. Asquer; G. Cappai; A. Carucci; G. De Gioannis; A. Muntoni; M. Piredda; D. Spiga. 2019. "Biomass ash characterisation for reuse as additive in composting process." Biomass and Bioenergy 123, no. : 186-194.
In this study, the influence of the inoculum-to-substrate ratio (ISR) on dark fermentative hydrogen production from food waste (FW) was evaluated. ISR values ranging from 0.05 to 0.25 g VSinoculum/g VSsubstrate were investigated by performing batch tests at T = 39 °C and pH = 6.5, the latter being the optimal value identified based on a previous study. The ISR was found to affect the fermentation process, clearly showing that an adequate ISR is essential in order to optimise the process kinetics and the H2 yield. An ISR of 0.14 proved to optimum, leading to a maximum H2 yield of 88.8 L H2/kg VSFW and a maximum production rate of 10.8 L H2/kg VSFW∙h. The analysis of the fermentation products indicated that the observed highest H2 production mostly derived from the typical acetate/butyrate-type fermentation.
Giovanna Cappai; Giorgia De Gioannis; Aldo Muntoni; Daniela Spiga; Maria Rosaria Boni; Alessandra Polettini; Raffaella Pomi; Andreina Rossi. Biohydrogen Production from Food Waste: Influence of the Inoculum-To-Substrate Ratio. Sustainability 2018, 10, 4506 .
AMA StyleGiovanna Cappai, Giorgia De Gioannis, Aldo Muntoni, Daniela Spiga, Maria Rosaria Boni, Alessandra Polettini, Raffaella Pomi, Andreina Rossi. Biohydrogen Production from Food Waste: Influence of the Inoculum-To-Substrate Ratio. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (12):4506.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiovanna Cappai; Giorgia De Gioannis; Aldo Muntoni; Daniela Spiga; Maria Rosaria Boni; Alessandra Polettini; Raffaella Pomi; Andreina Rossi. 2018. "Biohydrogen Production from Food Waste: Influence of the Inoculum-To-Substrate Ratio." Sustainability 10, no. 12: 4506.
In this work the effects of selected types of biomass ash on the composting process and final product quality were studied by conducting a 96-day long experiment where the source separated organic fraction of municipal waste, mixed with wood prunings that served as bulking agent, was added with 0%, 2%, 4% and 8% wt/wt of biomass ash. The evolution over time of the main process parameters was observed, and the final composts were characterised. On the basis of the results, both the composting process and the quality of the final product were improved by ash addition. Enhanced volatile solids reduction and biological stability (up to 32% and 52%, respectively, as compared to the unamended product) were attained when ash was added, since ash favored the aerobic degradation by acting asa physical conditioner. In the final products, higher humification of organic matter (expressed in terms of the humification index, that was 2.25 times higher in the most-enriched compost than in the unamended one) and total Ca, K, Mg and P content were observed when ash was used. The latter aspect may influence the composts marketability positively, particularly with regards to potassium and phosphorus. The heavy metals content, that is regarded as the main environmental disadvantage when using ash asa composting additive, did not negatively affect the final composts quality. However, some other controversial effects of ash, related to the moisture and temperature values attained during the process, pH (8.8-9.2 as compared to 8.2 of the unamended compost) and electrical conductivity levels (up to 53% higher as compared to the unamended compost) in the final composts, were also observed.
Carla Asquer; Giovanna Cappai; Giorgia De Gioannis; Aldo Muntoni; Martina Piredda; Daniela Spiga. Biomass ash reutilisation as an additive in the composting process of organic fraction of municipal solid waste. Waste Management 2017, 69, 127 -135.
AMA StyleCarla Asquer, Giovanna Cappai, Giorgia De Gioannis, Aldo Muntoni, Martina Piredda, Daniela Spiga. Biomass ash reutilisation as an additive in the composting process of organic fraction of municipal solid waste. Waste Management. 2017; 69 ():127-135.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarla Asquer; Giovanna Cappai; Giorgia De Gioannis; Aldo Muntoni; Martina Piredda; Daniela Spiga. 2017. "Biomass ash reutilisation as an additive in the composting process of organic fraction of municipal solid waste." Waste Management 69, no. : 127-135.
One- and two-stage anaerobic digestion of food waste aimed at recovering methane (CH) and hydrogen and methane (H+CH), respectively, were compared in order to assess the potential benefits from the two-stage process in terms of overall energy recovery. Results suggest that a two-stage process where the first reactor is properly operated in order to achieve a significant net hydrogen production, may display a 20% comparatively higher energy recovery yield as a result, mainly, of enhanced methane production as well as of the associated hydrogen production. The highest methane production of the two-stage process was due to improved hydrolysis and fermentation of food waste, with increased amounts of volatile fatty acids being readily available to methanogenesis.
Giorgia De Gioannis; Aldo Muntoni; Alessandra Polettini; Raffaella Pomi; Daniela Spiga. Energy recovery from one- and two-stage anaerobic digestion of food waste. Waste Management 2017, 68, 595 -602.
AMA StyleGiorgia De Gioannis, Aldo Muntoni, Alessandra Polettini, Raffaella Pomi, Daniela Spiga. Energy recovery from one- and two-stage anaerobic digestion of food waste. Waste Management. 2017; 68 ():595-602.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiorgia De Gioannis; Aldo Muntoni; Alessandra Polettini; Raffaella Pomi; Daniela Spiga. 2017. "Energy recovery from one- and two-stage anaerobic digestion of food waste." Waste Management 68, no. : 595-602.
Hydrogen production from cheese whey through dark fermentation was investigated in this study in order to systematically analyse the effects of the operating pH. The effluents from pecorino cheese and mozzarella cheese production were the substrates used for the fermentation tests. Either CW only or a mixture of CW and heat-shocked activated sludge were used in mesophilic pH-controlled batch fermentation experiments. The results indicated that hydrogen production was strongly affected by multiple factors including the substrate characteristics, the addition of an inoculum as well as the pH. The process variables were found to affect to a varying extent numerous interrelated aspects of the fermentation process, including the hydrogen production potential, the type of fermentation pathways, as well as the process kinetics. The fermentation products varied largely with the operating conditions and mirrored the H2 yield. Significant fermentative biohydrogen production was attained at pHs of 6.5–7.5, with the best performance in terms of H2 generation potential (171.3 NL H2/kg TOC) being observed for CW from mozzarella cheese production, at a pH value of 6.0 with the heat-shocked inoculum
Giorgia De Gioannis; M. Friargiu; E. Massi; A. Muntoni; Alessandra Polettini; Raffaella Pomi; D. Spiga. Biohydrogen production from dark fermentation of cheese whey: Influence of pH. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2014, 39, 20930 -20941.
AMA StyleGiorgia De Gioannis, M. Friargiu, E. Massi, A. Muntoni, Alessandra Polettini, Raffaella Pomi, D. Spiga. Biohydrogen production from dark fermentation of cheese whey: Influence of pH. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2014; 39 (36):20930-20941.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiorgia De Gioannis; M. Friargiu; E. Massi; A. Muntoni; Alessandra Polettini; Raffaella Pomi; D. Spiga. 2014. "Biohydrogen production from dark fermentation of cheese whey: Influence of pH." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 39, no. 36: 20930-20941.
Batch dark fermentation experiments were performed on food waste and mixtures of food waste and wastewater activated sludge to evaluate the influence of pH on biological H2 production and compare the process performance with and without inoculum addition. The effect of a preliminary thermal shock treatment of the inoculum was also investigated as a means to harvest the hydrogenogenic biomass. The best performance in terms of both H2 generation potential and process kinetics was observed at pH = 6.5 under all experimental conditions (no inoculum, and untreated or thermally treated inoculum added). H2 production from food waste was found to be feasible even without inoculum addition, although thermal pre-treatment of the inoculum notably increased the maximum production and reduced the lag phase duration. The analysis of the fermentation products indicated that the biological hydrogen production could be mainly ascribed to a mixed acetate/butyrate-type fermentation. However, the presence of additional metabolites in the digestate, including propionate and ethanol, also indicated that other metabolic pathways were active during the process, reducing substrate conversion into hydrogen. The plateau in H2 generation was found to mirror the condition at which soluble carbohydrates were depleted. Beyond this condition, homoacetogenesis probably started to play a role in the degradation process
Giovanna Cappai; Giorgia De Gioannis; M. Friargiu; Erica Massi; A. Muntoni; Alessandra Polettini; Raffaella Pomi; D. Spiga. An experimental study on fermentative H2 production from food waste as affected by pH. Waste Management 2014, 34, 1510 -1519.
AMA StyleGiovanna Cappai, Giorgia De Gioannis, M. Friargiu, Erica Massi, A. Muntoni, Alessandra Polettini, Raffaella Pomi, D. Spiga. An experimental study on fermentative H2 production from food waste as affected by pH. Waste Management. 2014; 34 (8):1510-1519.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiovanna Cappai; Giorgia De Gioannis; M. Friargiu; Erica Massi; A. Muntoni; Alessandra Polettini; Raffaella Pomi; D. Spiga. 2014. "An experimental study on fermentative H2 production from food waste as affected by pH." Waste Management 34, no. 8: 1510-1519.
In view of the implementation of a sustainable energy conversion framework, hydrogen is believed to potentially play a key role, significantly contributing to the reduction of the associated environmental impacts. Although H2 can be obtained from different sources through a variety of processes, positive environmental implications are specifically envisaged when H2 production is attained from renewable sources and low energy-demanding processes. H2 generation through dark fermentation of biodegradable organic residues has for such reasons deserved considerable attention over the last few decades. The main technical issue to be addressed is deemed to involve achieving efficient H2 generation at reasonably low costs at the same time gaining environmental credits. The great deal of scientific work on this issue as well as the large number of factors affecting fermentative hydrogen production claim for a harmonization and systematic comparison of results from different literature sources in order to derive reliable information about process yield and stability, and build related predictive models. To this aim, a review was conducted of studies on hydrogen production from kitchen waste (KW) and organic fractions of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) through dark fermentation, with more than 80 recent related publications being examined. The analysis focused on the effect of several factors, recognized as potentially affecting process evolution (including type of substrate and co-substrate and relative ratio, type of inoculum, food/microorganisms [F/M] ratio, applied pre-treatment, reactor configuration, temperature and pH), on the fermentation yield and kinetics. Experimental hydrogen production data from the reviewed literature were analyzed using statistical tools to derive information on the relative importance of the main variables of relevance also identifying existing mutual relationship
G. De Gioannis; A. Muntoni; Alessandra Polettini; Raffaella Pomi. A review of dark fermentative hydrogen production from biodegradable municipal waste fractions. Waste Management 2013, 33, 1345 -1361.
AMA StyleG. De Gioannis, A. Muntoni, Alessandra Polettini, Raffaella Pomi. A review of dark fermentative hydrogen production from biodegradable municipal waste fractions. Waste Management. 2013; 33 (6):1345-1361.
Chicago/Turabian StyleG. De Gioannis; A. Muntoni; Alessandra Polettini; Raffaella Pomi. 2013. "A review of dark fermentative hydrogen production from biodegradable municipal waste fractions." Waste Management 33, no. 6: 1345-1361.
A reactive barrier (RB) of transformed red mud (TRM), a by-product of the refinement of bauxite in alu-\ud mina production, was placed adjacent to the anode of an electrokinetic (EK) system with the aim of\ud enhancing removal of chromium or arsenic, added singly to a low permeability clayey soil, and favouring\ud entrapment. The innovative study focused on evaluation of the synergic interaction between the EK sys-\ud tem and the RB, and of the efficiency when compared to traditional EK remediation (control tests). The\ud results obtained underlined the successful outcome of treatment of the Cr(VI)-contaminated soil. In pres-\ud ence of the TRM RB, 19.4% wt. of total Cr content was detected in the anolyte and 20.6% wt. trapped in the\ud anodic RB after 6 d, versus 6.6% wt. in the anolyte and 8.8% wt. in the soil adjacent to the anode following\ud the control run without RB. On increasing duration of treatment up to 12 d, 60.8% wt. of total initial Cr\ud was found in the anolyte and 25.5% wt. trapped in the RB, versus 9.1% wt. and 5.3% wt., respectively, after\ud a control run of the same duration. Finally, on increasing the mass of TRM in the RB, 60.6% wt. of initial Cr\ud content was found to have accumulated in the RB, with Cr being completely absent from the anodic\ud chamber. Conversely, combined treatment was much less effective on As contaminated soil, at least\ud under the operative conditions applied. Low initial As concentration and interference with iron oxides\ud in the soil were likely the reasons underlying low efficiency while attempting As decontamination
Giovanna Cappai; Giorgia De Gioannis; A. Muntoni; D. Spiga; J.J.P. Zijlstra. Combined use of a transformed red mud reactive barrier and electrokinetics for remediation of Cr/As contaminated soil. Chemosphere 2012, 86, 400 -408.
AMA StyleGiovanna Cappai, Giorgia De Gioannis, A. Muntoni, D. Spiga, J.J.P. Zijlstra. Combined use of a transformed red mud reactive barrier and electrokinetics for remediation of Cr/As contaminated soil. Chemosphere. 2012; 86 (4):400-408.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiovanna Cappai; Giorgia De Gioannis; A. Muntoni; D. Spiga; J.J.P. Zijlstra. 2012. "Combined use of a transformed red mud reactive barrier and electrokinetics for remediation of Cr/As contaminated soil." Chemosphere 86, no. 4: 400-408.
Chlorinated phenolic compounds like 4-monochlorophenol (4CP) are characterized by high toxicity even at relatively low concentrations and by strong persistency in both water and soils. Since cometabolism was proved to enhance 4CP biological removal, a conventional Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) was used in this study for the cometabolic aerobic degradation of 4CP at different influent concentrations and volumetric organic loading rates (40–50 mg/L and 0.129–0.323 kgCOD-4CP/m3·d, respectively), with sodium acetate (NaAc) as the growth substrate. The effects of different 4CP/NaAc ratios on SBR performances were evaluated in terms of 4CP removal efficiencies and maximum specific removal rates in order to maximize reactor performances: a decrease in NaAc dosage as external growth substrate would lead to definitely lower operating costs. A positive correlation was observed between 4CP maximum specific removal rates and the applied 4CP/NaAc ratios, thus making further reduction in NaAc dosage possible.
S. Milia; Giovanna Cappai; Giorgia De Gioannis; A. Carucci. Effects of the cometabolite/growth substrate ratio on the aerobic degradation of 4-monochlorophenol. Water Science and Technology 2011, 63, 311 -317.
AMA StyleS. Milia, Giovanna Cappai, Giorgia De Gioannis, A. Carucci. Effects of the cometabolite/growth substrate ratio on the aerobic degradation of 4-monochlorophenol. Water Science and Technology. 2011; 63 (2):311-317.
Chicago/Turabian StyleS. Milia; Giovanna Cappai; Giorgia De Gioannis; A. Carucci. 2011. "Effects of the cometabolite/growth substrate ratio on the aerobic degradation of 4-monochlorophenol." Water Science and Technology 63, no. 2: 311-317.
Dredged sediments contaminated by heavy metals and PAHs were subjected to both unenhanced and enhanced electrokinetic remediation under different operating conditions, obtained by varying the applied voltage and the type of conditioning agent used at the electrode compartments in individual experiments. While metals were not appreciably mobilized as a result of the unenhanced process, metal removal was found to be significantly improved when both the anodic and cathodic reservoirs were conditioned with the chelating agent EDTA, with removal yields ranging from 28% to 84% depending on the contaminant concerned. As for the effect on organic contaminants, under the conditions tested the electrokinetic treatment displayed a poor removal capacity towards PAHs, even when a surfactant (Tween 80) was used to promote contaminant mobilization, indicating the need for further investigation on this issue. Further research on organics removal from this type of materials through electrokinetic remediation is thus required. Furthermore, a number of technical and environmental issues will also require a careful evaluation with a view to full-scale implementation of electrokinetic sediment remediation. These include controlling side effects during the treatment (such as anodic precipitation, oxidation of the conditioning agent, and evolution of toxic gases), as well as evaluating the potential ecotoxicological effects of the chemical agents used.
Antonio Colacicco; Giorgia De Gioannis; Aldo Muntoni; Emmanuela Pettinao; Alessandra Polettini; Raffaella Pomi. Enhanced electrokinetic treatment of marine sediments contaminated by heavy metals and PAHs. Chemosphere 2010, 81, 46 -56.
AMA StyleAntonio Colacicco, Giorgia De Gioannis, Aldo Muntoni, Emmanuela Pettinao, Alessandra Polettini, Raffaella Pomi. Enhanced electrokinetic treatment of marine sediments contaminated by heavy metals and PAHs. Chemosphere. 2010; 81 (1):46-56.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAntonio Colacicco; Giorgia De Gioannis; Aldo Muntoni; Emmanuela Pettinao; Alessandra Polettini; Raffaella Pomi. 2010. "Enhanced electrokinetic treatment of marine sediments contaminated by heavy metals and PAHs." Chemosphere 81, no. 1: 46-56.
The fairly high amounts of sediments dredged in coastal or internal water bodies for navigational and/or environmental purposes claims for the identification of appropriate management strategies. Dredged sediments are frequently affected by organic and inorganic contamination, so that their reuse, as an alternative to final landfill disposal, could need remediation. In this framework, a two-year joint research project was carried out to assess the feasibility of different remediation technologies for the treatment of polluted sediments.
Gianni Andreottola; Luca Bonomo; Giorgia De Gioannis; Elisa Ferrarese; Aldo Muntoni; Alessandra Polettini; Raffaella Pomi; Sabrina Saponaro. Lab-scale feasibility tests for sediment treatment using different physico-chemical techniques. Journal of Soils and Sediments 2009, 10, 142 -150.
AMA StyleGianni Andreottola, Luca Bonomo, Giorgia De Gioannis, Elisa Ferrarese, Aldo Muntoni, Alessandra Polettini, Raffaella Pomi, Sabrina Saponaro. Lab-scale feasibility tests for sediment treatment using different physico-chemical techniques. Journal of Soils and Sediments. 2009; 10 (1):142-150.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGianni Andreottola; Luca Bonomo; Giorgia De Gioannis; Elisa Ferrarese; Aldo Muntoni; Alessandra Polettini; Raffaella Pomi; Sabrina Saponaro. 2009. "Lab-scale feasibility tests for sediment treatment using different physico-chemical techniques." Journal of Soils and Sediments 10, no. 1: 142-150.
Giorgia De Gioannis; Aldo Muntoni; Raffaella Pomi; Alessandra Polettini. Electrokinetic Treatment of Contaminated Marine Sediments. Electrochemical Remediation Technologies for Polluted Soils, Sediments and Groundwater 2009, 149 -177.
AMA StyleGiorgia De Gioannis, Aldo Muntoni, Raffaella Pomi, Alessandra Polettini. Electrokinetic Treatment of Contaminated Marine Sediments. Electrochemical Remediation Technologies for Polluted Soils, Sediments and Groundwater. 2009; ():149-177.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiorgia De Gioannis; Aldo Muntoni; Raffaella Pomi; Alessandra Polettini. 2009. "Electrokinetic Treatment of Contaminated Marine Sediments." Electrochemical Remediation Technologies for Polluted Soils, Sediments and Groundwater , no. : 149-177.
Chlorinated phenols are considered a critical environmental problem, due to their extreme toxicity and their widespread use both in industrial and agricultural activities. In this study, aerobic granular sludge was initially developed into an acetate-fed Granulated Sequencing Batch Reactor (GSBR) and then used for the degradation of low chlorinated 4-mono-chlorophenol (4CP), with readily biodegradable sodium acetate (NaAc) as co-substrate. Influent 4CP concentration ranged between 0 and 50 mg/l, with a maximum volumetric organic loading rate of 0.20 kg4CP/m3 d (0.32 kgCOD-4CP/m3 d). Differences in granules shape and size were observed with 4CP dosed in the influent at different concentrations, and the effects of such toxic compound on acetate removal were evaluated, with both unacclimated and acclimated biomass. Aerobic granules grown on acetate as carbon source proved to be an interesting solution for the degradation of 4CP, showing good resistance to high 4CP concentrations in the influent even if unacclimated (short term effects). Moreover, the monitoring of intermediate products and the evaluation of chloride release due to 4CP degradation proved that acclimated granular sludge could completely remove 4CP (long term effects), with high specific removal rates.
Alessandra Carucci; Stefano Milia; Giorgia De Gioannis; Martina Piredda. Acetate-fed aerobic granular sludge for the degradation of 4-chlorophenol. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2009, 166, 483 -490.
AMA StyleAlessandra Carucci, Stefano Milia, Giorgia De Gioannis, Martina Piredda. Acetate-fed aerobic granular sludge for the degradation of 4-chlorophenol. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2009; 166 (1):483-490.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlessandra Carucci; Stefano Milia; Giorgia De Gioannis; Martina Piredda. 2009. "Acetate-fed aerobic granular sludge for the degradation of 4-chlorophenol." Journal of Hazardous Materials 166, no. 1: 483-490.
Mechanical biological treatment (MBT) of residual municipal solid waste (RMSW) was investigated with respect to landfill gas generation. Mechanically treated RMSW was sampled at a full-scale plant and aerobically stabilized for 8 and 15 weeks. Anaerobic tests were performed on the aerobically treated waste (MBTW) in order to estimate the gas generation rate constants (k, y−1), the potential gas generation capacity (Lo, Nl/kg) and the amount of gasifiable organic carbon. Experimental results show how MBT allowed for a reduction of the non-methanogenic phase and of the landfill gas generation potential by, respectively, 67% and 83% (8 weeks treatment), 82% and 91% (15 weeks treatment), compared to the raw waste. The amount of gasified organic carbon after 8 weeks and 15 weeks of treatment was equal to 11.01 ± 1.25 kg C/tMBTW and 4.54 ± 0.87 kg C/tMBTW, respectively, that is 81% and 93% less than the amount gasified from the raw waste. The values of gas generation rate constants obtained for MBTW anaerobic degradation (0.0347–0.0803 y−1) resemble those usually reported for the slowly and moderately degradable fractions of raw MSW. Simulations performed using a prediction model support the hypothesis that due to the low production rate, gas production from MBTW landfills is well-suited to a passive management strategy.
Giorgia De Gioannis; A. Muntoni; Giovanna Cappai; Stefano Milia. Landfill gas generation after mechanical biological treatment of municipal solid waste. Estimation of gas generation rate constants. Waste Management 2009, 29, 1026 -1034.
AMA StyleGiorgia De Gioannis, A. Muntoni, Giovanna Cappai, Stefano Milia. Landfill gas generation after mechanical biological treatment of municipal solid waste. Estimation of gas generation rate constants. Waste Management. 2009; 29 (3):1026-1034.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiorgia De Gioannis; A. Muntoni; Giovanna Cappai; Stefano Milia. 2009. "Landfill gas generation after mechanical biological treatment of municipal solid waste. Estimation of gas generation rate constants." Waste Management 29, no. 3: 1026-1034.
A two-phase, wet anaerobic digestion process was tested at laboratory scale using mechanically pre-treated municipal solid waste (MSW) as the substrate. The proposed process scheme differs from others due to the integration of the MSW and wastewater treatment cycles, which makes it possible to avoid the recirculation of process effluent. The results obtained show that the supplying of facultative biomass, drawn from the wastewater aeration tank, to the solid waste acidogenic reactor allows an improvement of the performance of the first phase of the process which is positively reflected on the second one. The proposed process performed successfully, adopting mesophilic conditions and a relatively short hydraulic retention time in the methanogenic reactor, as well as high values of organic loading rate. Significant VS removal efficiency and biogas production were achieved. Moreover, the methanogenic reactor quickly reached optimal conditions for a stable methanogenic phase. Studies conducted elsewhere also confirm the feasibility of integrating the treatment of the organic fraction of MSW with that of wastewater.
Giorgia De Gioannis; L.F. Diaz; A. Muntoni; A. Pisanu. Two-phase anaerobic digestion within a solid waste/wastewater integrated management system. Waste Management 2008, 28, 1801 -1808.
AMA StyleGiorgia De Gioannis, L.F. Diaz, A. Muntoni, A. Pisanu. Two-phase anaerobic digestion within a solid waste/wastewater integrated management system. Waste Management. 2008; 28 (10):1801-1808.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiorgia De Gioannis; L.F. Diaz; A. Muntoni; A. Pisanu. 2008. "Two-phase anaerobic digestion within a solid waste/wastewater integrated management system." Waste Management 28, no. 10: 1801-1808.
In this study, the possibility to use acetate-fed aerobic granular sludge for the degradation of low chlorinated 4-mono-chlorophenol (4CP) and highly chlorinated 2,4,6-tri- chlorophenol (TCP) was investigated. A Granulated Sequencing Batch Reactor (GSBR) was used to carry out the experiments, with acetate as growth substrate. 4CP concentration in the influent ranged between 0 and 50 mg/l, while TCP concentration varied between 0 and 15 mg/l. Different operating conditions were applied in order to obtain the complete aerobic degradation of 4CP. For TCP degradation, anaerobic feeding and control of dissolved oxygen concentration in the bulk liquid were used to keep the granules core under anaerobic conditions due to diffusion limitations: the possibility to obtain TCP reductive dechlorination under aerated conditions was thus investigated. Differences in granules shape and size were observed with 4CP and TCP dosed in the influent, and the effects of such toxic compounds on acetate removal were evaluated. Aerobic granules grown on acetate as carbon source proved to be an interesting solution for the degradation of 4CP, showing good resistance to high 4CP concentrations in the influent even if unacclimated. The presence of TCP did not irreversibly inhibit biomass activity, and complete TCP degradation was achieved after acclimation.
A. Carucci; S. Milia; Giorgia De Gioannis; M. Piredda. Acetate-fed aerobic granular sludge for the degradation of chlorinated phenols. Water Science and Technology 2008, 58, 309 -315.
AMA StyleA. Carucci, S. Milia, Giorgia De Gioannis, M. Piredda. Acetate-fed aerobic granular sludge for the degradation of chlorinated phenols. Water Science and Technology. 2008; 58 (2):309-315.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. Carucci; S. Milia; Giorgia De Gioannis; M. Piredda. 2008. "Acetate-fed aerobic granular sludge for the degradation of chlorinated phenols." Water Science and Technology 58, no. 2: 309-315.
Electrokinetic removal of chromium from artificially contaminated clayey soil in a bench-scale cell was enhanced by a reactive barrier (RB) of transformed Red Mud (TRM, BAUXSOL) fitted near the anode. When using 0.75 wt% of TRM in a soil spiked up to a Cr (VI) concentration of 1000 mg/kg dry weight, about 54 wt% of total Cr was removed after 6 days, as compared to only 36 wt% from the control cell without TRM RB. Increasing the duration of the treatment up to 12 days and using 1.5 wt% of TRM resulted in the increase of the above mentioned removal efficiencies up to 93 wt% and 57 wt%, respectively. The reduction of Cr (VI) into less mobile Cr (III) was limited by the TRM RB; in fact, lower reduction percentages for the tests with TRM RB as compared to the tests without were observed (respectively, 42% versus 72% for 6 days test, and 60% versus 93% for 12 days test). The obtained results show that Cr (VI) removal efficiency is proportional to the duration of the treatment and enhanced by the development of favorable pH conditions caused by the activity of the anodic TRM RB. It is suggested that electrokinesis may increase the efficiency of metal-oxyanion adsorption on TRM, as well as that the use of a TRM RB may improve the efficiency of contaminated soil remediation by means of electrokinesis.
Giorgia De Gioannis; Aldo Muntoni; Romano Ruggeri; Johannes J. P. Zijlstra. Chromate adsorption in a transformed red mud permeable reactive barrier using electrokinesis. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A 2008, 43, 969 -974.
AMA StyleGiorgia De Gioannis, Aldo Muntoni, Romano Ruggeri, Johannes J. P. Zijlstra. Chromate adsorption in a transformed red mud permeable reactive barrier using electrokinesis. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A. 2008; 43 (8):969-974.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiorgia De Gioannis; Aldo Muntoni; Romano Ruggeri; Johannes J. P. Zijlstra. 2008. "Chromate adsorption in a transformed red mud permeable reactive barrier using electrokinesis." Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A 43, no. 8: 969-974.
In the present work, the application of an assisted electrokinetic process for the removal of heavy metals from real contaminated sediments was investigated. The process made use of both chemical and physical methods, including addition of chelating and acid agents, as well as application of a hydraulic gradient. Lab-scale electrokinetic runs were applied on two different dredged sediments varying the applied voltage gradient and the treatment duration. The use of EDTA significantly improved the overall performance of the electrokinetic treatment for sediment V (more than 60% mobilized for each metal), while only aggressive acid conditioning with nitric acid was able to remove significant amounts of heavy metals (up to 40.5% for Pb) from sediment S due to the strong buffering capacity of this material. This clearly assesses that the specific characteristics of the materials under concern and the reactions occurring at the electrodes must be carefully evaluated when applying an electroremediation process.
Giorgia De Gioannis; Aldo Muntoni; Alessandra Polettini; Raffaella Pomi. Enhanced electrokinetic treatment of different marine sediments contaminated by heavy metals. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A 2008, 43, 852 -865.
AMA StyleGiorgia De Gioannis, Aldo Muntoni, Alessandra Polettini, Raffaella Pomi. Enhanced electrokinetic treatment of different marine sediments contaminated by heavy metals. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A. 2008; 43 (8):852-865.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiorgia De Gioannis; Aldo Muntoni; Alessandra Polettini; Raffaella Pomi. 2008. "Enhanced electrokinetic treatment of different marine sediments contaminated by heavy metals." Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A 43, no. 8: 852-865.