The literature on the clinical presentations of nail unit melanoma (NUM) in different countries is limited. To assess the specific clinical characteristics of NUM in Türkiye. A retrospective cross sectional study. Patients with NUM in two centers were retrospectively evaluated for their clinicopathological features, including the location, laterality, destruction of the nail plate, erosion or ulceration, presence of longitudinal melanonychia (LM), Hutchinson's sign (HS), and the absence of pigmentation and Breslow thickness. These variables were compared in terms of the main location of the NUMs (fingernail versus toenail). A total of 37 patients (54.1% female) of mean age 61.9 ± 14.8 years were enrolled. In most cases, NUMs were located in the fingernails (62.2%), with the most common location being the thumbnails (45.9%), followed by the big toenails (32.4%). Five cases had in situ melanoma presenting with LM. The mean Breslow thickness of invasive NUM lesions (n = 26) was 4.7 ± 4.1 mm (median: 3). Although all in situ NUMs were located on the hands, no statistically significant difference was noted in the Breslow thickness of invasive NUMs on the toenails and fingernails. NUMs were hypomelanotic/amelanotic in 10 (27%) patients. LM was clinically evident in 40.5% of the patients and was significantly more frequently observed on fingernails. The HS of the nail folds was noted in 40.5% of the patients, with the proximal (73.3%) and distal (73.3%) nail folds being most commonly involved. Total or partial destruction of the nail plate was recorded in 24.3% and 51.4% of the patients, respectively. Erosion and/or ulceration on the surface of the NUM was clinically present in most (75.7%) cases. Invasive NUMs associated with LM (n = 10) displayed partial destruction of the nail plate (n = 9), erosion and/or ulceration on the tumor surface (n = 7), and HS (n = 6). The clinical characteristics of patients with NUM, such as more common localization on the hands, a high rate of preference for thumbnail and big toe, and the ratio of HS, were similar to the studies reported from diverse countries. Partial destruction of the nail plate is an important clinical feature of NUM. Furthermore, LM is more frequently observed in NUMs on the fingernails.

Intradural spinal metastases are rare but clinically significant manifestations of systemic malignancies. Their management remains controversial, and evidence guiding surgical outcomes is limited. The aim of recent study is to evaluate the clinical features, surgical outcomes, and prognostic factors with intradural spinal metastases treated surgically at a single center. A retrospective review of 14 patients who underwent surgical resection for intradural extra- or intramedullary spinal metastases between 2014 and 2025 was conducted. Neurological outcomes were assessed using the McCormick scale. Overall survival and postoperative survival were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression models. Lung cancer was the predominant primary tumor (80%), with thoracic spine being the most involved site (64.3%). Gross total resection (GTR) was achieved in 71.4% of the cases. Neurological function improved in 28.6% of the cases, remained stable in 42.9%, and worsened in the 28.6% postoperatively. Median postoperative survival was 9.5 months, and overall survival from primary diagnosis was 31.8 months. Subtotal resection and intramedullary involvement were associated with worse outcomes, though not statistically significant. Surgical resection of intradural spinal metastases can offer meaningful neurological improvement and symptom relief in selected patients. GTR is associated with better outcomes, and careful preoperative selection is critical. Multidisciplinary approaches remain essential for optimizing patient care.

Background/Objectives: Cauda equina neuroendocrine tumors (CENETs) are rare neuroendocrine tumors that predominantly arise in the cauda equina and filum terminale region. Due to their nonspecific clinical and radiological features, preoperative diagnosis remains challenging, and available data are limited to small case series. Methods: This retrospective single-center study included nine patients who underwent surgical treatment for histopathologically confirmed CENETs between 2014 and 2025. Clinical presentation, radiological findings, surgical management, histopathological features, and postoperative outcomes were analyzed. Results: The mean age was 51.2 years, with a slight male predominance. Pain was the most common presenting symptom (77.8%), followed by radiculopathy and sensory disturbances. All tumors were intradural and extramedullary, predominantly located in the lumbosacral region. Radiologically, all lesions were isointense on T1-weighted imaging and demonstrated predominantly homogeneous contrast enhancement. Vascular imaging features, including flow voids (55.6%), eccentric vessel sign (66.7%), and tadpole sign (44.4%), were frequently observed. Gross total resection was achieved in all patients, with no neurological deterioration or major complications. Over a mean follow-up period of 59.6 months, no tumor recurrence was detected. Conclusions: Cauda equina neuroendocrine tumors are rare but surgically curable tumors with excellent prognosis. Although preoperative diagnosis remains difficult, recognition of characteristic vascular imaging features may improve diagnostic accuracy. Gross total resection remains the cornerstone of treatment, providing durable disease control with minimal morbidity.