Cassava is a staple food for African, Latin American and Asian countries, and is used as a source of raw material for the starch and ethanol industry (Pinweha et al. 2015). Anthracnose is one of the most important diseases which may lead to plant death. In May, 2014, necrotic and irregular shaped spots, and sunken lesions on fruits and stems, were observed on plants in a commercial field from the Aliança Cooperativa do Amido – COOPAMIDO [located at Laje (BA), Brazil, 13° 6' 34.7" S, 39° 16' 42.4" W]. A total of 15 isolates were obtained, and two strains (PPAM10 and PPAM13) were used for the characterization procedure. The isolates grew on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and synthetic nutrient-poor agar (SNA) medium at 25°C and 12-h of light. On PDA, the colonies were white to gray on the upper surface and orange to gray on the reverse side, after seven days. On SNA, the conidia were cylindrical to subcylindrical, hyaline and guttulate, with 16.7 to 23.3 (x̅= 20) × 5.1 to 7.5 (x̅= 6.2, n = 50) µm. Conidia lengt...

Barbados cherry, also called acerola, is a fruit originated from tropical America that is well-known for its high content of vitamin C and nutritional value. Anthracnose is one of the most common diseases on Barbados cherry. In Brazil, this disease is associated with Colletotrichum gloeosporioides sensu lato (2). In 2012, necrotic and sunken spots were observed on Barbados cherry fruit (cv. Rubra) in Sao Paulo State, Brazil, from which a Colletotrichum species was isolated on potato dextrose agar (PDA). The isolate was grown on PDA at 25°C and 12-h photoperiod under fluorescent light. The colony was gray on the upper surface and the reverse part was dark gray. Conidia (n = 50) were cylindrical to subcylindrical, hyaline, and 12 to 15 (avg. 12.7) × 3.8 to 5.9 (avg. 4.3) μm. Conidia length/width ratio was 2 to 3.6. Pathogenicity was confirmed on Barbados cherry fruit. Inoculation was carried out by depositing 40-μl droplets of a conidial suspension (1 × 10⁵ conidia ml⁻¹) on fruit wounded with a sterilized needle and on non-wounded fruit. Fruit were incubated in a moist chamber at 25°C. First symptoms appeared 3 and 5 days after inoculation on wounded and non-wounded fruit, respectively. No symptoms were observed on control fruit inoculated with water. Six isolates recovered from inoculated fruit showed the same morphological characteristics of the previous isolate. The DNA of the fungus was extracted by a CTAB protocol (1) and the sequences of ITS, GAPDH, ACT, CHS-1, TUB, and CAL genes (4) were generated. Sequences were used in BLAST searches in GenBank and were 100% similar to C. theobromicola, except for GAPDH. The ITS (KC566724) and CAL (KC566437) sequences matched strain ICMP 17099 (JX010285 and JX009588, respectively) with 100% identity. The BTUB (KC566148), GAPDH (KC566578), ACT (KC566870), and CHS-1(KC566292) sequences matched with the strains ICMP 18649 (JX010447, 100% identity), ICMP 17099 (JX009957, 99% identity, 1 pb), ICMP 18567 (JX009457, 100% identity), and ICMP 18613 (JX009771, 100% identity), respectively. The sequences were also compared with authentic culture of C. gloeosporioides (IMI 356878) and the identities were: ITS 99% (JX010148), CAL 91% (JX009729), BTUB 90% (JX010445), GAPDH 83% (GU174561), ACT 93% (JX009494), and CHS-1 98% (JX009747). Based on the multi-gene sequencing, the isolate was identified as C. theobromicola. C. theobromicola was described in 2010 (3) and it is considered as a widely distributed species occurring on different hosts in tropical and subtropical regions (4). This report shows the necessity of the identification of Colletotrichum species from tropical fruits to elucidate the etiology of anthracnose diseases of which C. gloeosporioides sensu lato is considered to be the causal agent. To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. theobromicola on Barbados cherry. References: (1) M. G. Murray and W. F. Thompson. Nucleic Acids Res. 8:4321, 1980. (2) R. Ritzinger et al. Acerola em Foco 13:1, 2007. (3) E. I. Rojas et al. Mycologia 102:1318, 2010. (4) B. S. Weir et al. Stud. Mycol. 73:115, 2012.