Straatsma syndrome is a rare ophthalmic condition characterized by the triad of myelinated retinal nerve fibers, high myopia, and amblyopia. It is often associated with strabismus, nystagmus, heterochromia of the iris, and optic nerve hypoplasia. We present a case of a 22-year-old patient with this syndrome, who presented with high unilateral myopia, amblyopia, and myelinated retinal nerve fibers along the inferior temporal arcade of the affected eye. In addition, the patient had a hypoplastic optic nerve and a large-angle exotropia, which required surgical correction for cosmetic reasons. Due to untreated amblyopia in childhood, the patient had very poor visual function in the affected eye. This case highlights the importance of early recognition and diagnosis of Straatsma syndrome, as delayed diagnosis may prevent effective treatment of amblyopia.

Background: Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati are zoonotic nematodes of dogs and cats that maintain a human infection risk through environmental contamination with highly resistant eggs. Data on toxocariasis in North Macedonia are limited, and ocular toxocariasis (OT) remains a clinically important but easily overlooked manifestation of human infection. Methods: This retrospective assessment combined coprological data from dogs and cats with a complementary clinical description of a human case of OT. Routine fecal samples from dogs and cats from January 2018 to March 2026 were morphologically examined. The human case of OT was a 13-year-old boy with unilateral ocular disease. Results: Of 465 samples, Toxocara spp. eggs were detected in 14, corresponding to an overall detection of 3.0%. Detection was 3.0% in dogs (11/371) and 3.2% in cats (3/94), with no significant difference between species. The human clinical component involved unilateral visual loss, strabismus, and posterior segment inflammatory changes. Conclusions: Dogs and cats in North Macedonia showed sporadic Toxocara spp. egg shedding, supporting ongoing zoonotic exposure potential. The clinically confirmed OT case complements the animal data and underscores the need for improved awareness among clinicians and veterinarians, as well as strengthened preventive measures aimed at reducing environmental contamination and zoonotic exposure.