Staphylococcus species cause mastitis and wound infection in livestock and food poisoning in humans through ingestion of contaminated foods, including meat and dairy products. They are evolving pathogens in that they readily acquire drug resistance, and multiple drug-resistant (MDR) isolates are increasing in human and veterinary healthcare. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of Staphylococci and their drug resistance in dairy farms and abattoir settings of Addis Ababa. In this cross-sectional study, 193 samples of milk, meat, equipment and humans working in the dairy farms and abattoir were collected (dairy farms = 72 and abattoir sources = 121). Staphylococcus isolation and identification at the species level was done according to ISO-6888-3 using biochemical characteristics. An antimicrobial susceptibility test was conducted for 43 of the isolates using 15 antimicrobial agents commonly used for humans and livestock by the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method following CLSI guidelines. Staphylococcus organism were isolated from 92 (47.7%) of the total 193 samples, 50% in the dairy farms and 46.3% in the abattoir. The isolated species were S. aureus (n = 31; 16.1%), S. intermedius (n = 21; 10.9%), S. hyicus (n = 16; 8.3%), and coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CNS) (n = 24; 12.4%). Gentamycin was effective drug as all isolates (n = 43; 100%) were susceptible to it and followed by kanamycin (n = 39; 90.7%). However, the majority of the isolates showed resistance to penicillin-G (95.3%), nalidixic acid (88.4%), cloxacillin (79.1%), vancomycin (65.1%) and cefoxitin (55.8%). Of the 15 S. aureus tested for drug susceptibility, 73.3% of them were phenotypically resistant to vancomycin (VRSA) and all of the 15 isolates showed multi-drug resistance (MDR) to >3 drugs. Also, all of the tested CNS (100%), S. hyicus (100%) and the majority of S. intermedius isolates (88.9%) developed MDR. Alarmingly, the Staphylococcus isolates circulating in the dairy farms and abattoir in the study area harbor MDR. High level of Staphylococcus species isolation from personnel and equipment besides food (meat and milk) samples in dairy farms and abattoir settings reveals that the hygiene practice in the dairy farm and abattoir is substandard. Prudent drug use and improved hygienic practice is recommended in the dairy farms and abattoir to safeguard the public from the risk of acquiring infections and MDR pathogenic Staphylococcus.

Global PPR (goat plague) eradication efforts are ongoing, mainly through vaccination programs. The disease causes substantial economic losses in sheep and

Calf diarrhea is a major constraint to dairy production in Ethiopia, resulting in substantial economic losses and potentially complicated by antimicrobial‐resistant bacterial pathogens. This study aimed to determine the isolation of Escherichia coli and Salmonella in diarrheic calves, identify associated risk factors, and assess antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. A cross‐sectional study was conducted in calves less than 2 months of age in and around Sebeta Town. The study area and districts were selected purposively, dairy farms were selected by simple random sampling, and diarrheic calves were selected purposively. A total of 129 fecal samples were collected and examined using standard bacteriological techniques and Biolog identification. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the disk diffusion method. E. coli and Salmonella were isolated from 65 (50.3%; 95% CI: 41.6–59.1) and 8 (6.2%; 95% CI: 1.98–10.4) of the 129 samples, respectively. In multivariable logistic regression, sex, age, colostrum feeding, bedding, and housing were significantly associated with increased odds of E. coli isolation. For Salmonella sex, age, and bedding were significantly associated with increased odds of isolation. Most E. coli isolates were susceptible to sulphamethoxazole–trimethoprim (93.85%), polymyxin B (78.46%), gentamicin (76.92%), and ampicillin (73.85%), whereas tetracycline showed the highest resistance (58.46%). Among the 20 E. coli isolates exhibiting resistance to two or more antimicrobial agents, three of twenty (15.0%) fulfilled the predefined multidrug resistance criterion. All Salmonella isolates were susceptible to sulphamethoxazole–trimethoprim and polymyxin B, while 87.5% were susceptible to tetracycline and ampicillin. These findings demonstrate the isolation of E. coli and Salmonella among diarrheic calves and highlight important calf‐management factors associated with bacterial isolation, as well as tetracycline resistance among E. coli . Improved calf management, appropriate colostrum feeding, adequate bedding, and prudent antimicrobial use are recommended. Further molecular characterization is warranted to determine the specific diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes and clarify their contribution to calf diarrhea.