Background: Rifle shooting performance depends on precise postural control, rifle stability, and coordinated upper-limb force production. Although previous studies have examined postural balance and aiming stability in rifle shooters, the role of upper-limb inter-limb strength asymmetry across different shooting positions remains unclear. This study explored the association between joint-specific upper-limb strength asymmetry and rifle shooting performance in elite athletes across prone, kneeling, and standing positions. Methods: Thirteen elite rifle shooters completed a 20-shot series in each position according to ISSF rules. Bilateral maximal isokinetic strength of the wrist, elbow, and shoulder was assessed at 60°/s using a Biodex System 4 dynamometer, and handgrip strength was measured with a handheld dynamometer. Inter-limb asymmetry indices were calculated for each joint action. Position-specific shooting scores and good-10 hits (≥10.0) were recorded. Associations between asymmetry indices and performance outcomes were examined using Spearman correlation analyses and simple linear regression models. Results: In exploratory analyses, greater asymmetry in selected shoulder actions showed large negative associations with lower prone, kneeling, and standing scores, and standing performance also showed a negative association with wrist flexion asymmetry. Good-10 hits were negatively associated with selected shoulder and wrist asymmetry indices. Exploratory regression models showed large apparent proportions of explained variance for selected position-specific associations, but these estimates should be interpreted cautiously because of the small sample size and the absence of validation. Conclusions: Position-specific upper-limb strength asymmetry, particularly at the shoulder and wrist, was associated with rifle shooting performance and may represent a relevant consideration for training and monitoring in elite rifle athletes.