Background. High-risk human papillomavirus (hr-HPV) infection is a necessary cause of cervical cancer. However, other common lower genital tract microbes may increase hr-HPV infection and their related cervical cytopathy.Methods. To confirm this hypothesis, cervical brush and vaginal swab specimens were collected from 826 adult patients who were divided into the hr-HPV-positive group (254) and the negative group (572) by real-time PCR assay. Cervical specimens were tested forUreaplasma parvum(UP),Ureaplasma urealyticum(UU), andChlamydia trachomatis(CT) using PCR analysis. Vaginal secretion was detected forTrichomonas vaginalis(TV),Candidaspp., and bacterial vaginosis (BV) with conventional assay.Results. Among hr-HPV-positive women, UP was found in 51.6%, UU in 15.4%, CT in 15.7%,Candidaspp. in 11.0%, TV in 3.1%, and BV in 20.5%. In the hr-HPV-negative group, UP was positive in 36.2%, UU in 8.6%, CT in 4.0%,Candidaspp. in 12.4%, TV in 0.2%, and BV in 7.0%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis with age-adjusted showed that UU (OR, 1.757), UP (OR, 1.804), CT (OR, 3.538), BV (OR, 3.020), and TV (OR, 14.109) were risk factors on hr-HPV infection (P<0.05).Conclusion. These microbes might induce cervical chronic inflammation that would damage the mucosal barrier and immune protection to promote the infection of hr-HPV.

Fishbones are the most commonly swallowed foreign body and are found mostly in the tonsil, soft palate, tongue base, vallecula, posterior pharyngeal wall and upper esophagus. In most cases, the fishbone could be safely removed in the emergency department. Few cases showed a fishbone totally embedded in the mobile tongue presenting as an enlarged mass that was mistaken for a neoplasm due to the lack of any history of oral trauma (Wang Y et al. Oral Surgery 2008; 1: 220-222). These cases were diagnosed by incisional biopsy instead of ultrasound examination which played an important role in the diagnosis of foreign bodies in soft tissue. Here, we present one similar case that was diagnosed by ultrasound before surgery.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is a leading pathogen responsible for community-acquired pneumonia in the whole population, posing a life-threatening risk in severe disease. Current diagnostic methods, including culture, serology, and PCR, are limited by low sensitivity, delayed results, or operational complexity, highlighting the urgent need for rapid and reliable alternatives. Critically, MP metabolism produces hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), a key virulence factor, making it a promising biomarker for MP infection. Compared to other optical approaches, chemiluminescence-based one offers a powerful alternative for pathogen detection due to their high sensitivity, low cost, and rapid response. Herein, we report the first application of a chemiluminescent probe (MPCL) based on the established phenoxy-dioxetane scaffold with a 4-nitro-α-ketoamide trigger for direct MP detection. Our study demonstrated the practical value of this probe in distinguishing MP from other respiratory pathogens through quantitative H₂O₂ detection. MPCL enabled sensitive quantification and real-time imaging of H₂O₂ in MP-infected mice, and, when applied to clinical respiratory samples, achieved excellent diagnostic performance, with ROC analysis showing an area under the curve of 0.992 (95% CI: 0.974–1.000), 100% sensitivity, and 96.5% specificity. These results establish MPCL as a practical chemiluminescent tool with strong translational potential for rapid, low-cost, and reliable diagnosis of MP infections in both clinical and preclinical settings.