An innovative viscosity-dependent hydrothermal strategy is developed for the controlled synthesis of multinary titanate perovskites, specifically Na _0.5 Y _0.39 Yb _0.1 Er _0.01 TiO ₃ . By manipulating the viscosity of the reaction solution using various stable additives in both type and quantity, we identify a critical viscosity threshold of ~100 centipoise, which is essential for producing uniform faceted particles. With sodium hydroxide as an additive, a clear morphological evolution occurs as hydroxide concentration increases, shifting from regular cubes to edge-truncated, half-corner-truncated, and fully corner-truncated cube particles. Furthermore, the inclusion of additional sodium chloride and acetate substantially increases the viscosity, facilitating the formation of uniform faceted particles with reduced sizes ranging from ~2.0 micrometers to 200 nanometers. This method is successfully applied to synthesize other uniform perovskites, including Na _0.5 Y _0.395 Yb _0.1 Tm _0.005 TiO ₃ , Na _0.5 Y _0.4 Eu _0.1 TiO ₃ , Na _0.5 Y _0.39 Yb _0.1 Ho _0.01 TiO ₃ , and Na _0.5 Bi _0.5 TiO ₃ . Our findings provide valuable insights into viscosity-controlled synthesis for creating multinary perovskites and enhance their potential for designing optical functional materials and advancing various applications in optical temperature sensing, anti-counterfeiting security, and fingerprint recognition.

DNA, the fundamental carrier of genetic information, has evolved beyond its biological function to serve as a versatile and programmable material for constructing nanoscale architecture. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the chemical and enzymatic strategies that enable the synthesis, ligation, and assembly of DNA nanostructures, highlighting their interdisciplinary impact. We first examine key chemical approaches, including oligo synthesis and DNA origami, which offer precise control over base sequence and structural complexity. We then explore enzymatic methods—such as ligation and amplification techniques—that facilitate high-fidelity and scalable construction of intricate nanostructures. Subsequently, we investigate how these strategies are applied to create DNA-based materials such as chips, hydrogels, and reconfigurable architectures for in vitro biosensing and other biomedical applications. The review further delves into enzymatic assembly in vivo, including drug delivery, bioimaging, molecular machines, and therapeutic interventions. Finally, we highlight emerging frontiers of DNA nanotechnology, particularly its integration into nanoelectronics and its transformative potential as a medium for digital data storage. By addressing recent advances, current challenges, and future perspectives, this review underscores the pivotal role of chemical and enzymatic techniques in advancing DNA nanotechnology as a foundational platform for next-generation biomedical, materials, and information technologies.

Engineered cells can biosynthesize inorganic nanomaterials and, conversely, inorganic components can program cellular function to create responsive biohybrids for biosensing, bioimaging and therapeutic biomaterials.