This study examines how different forms of digital social pressure relate to young consumers' purchase intentions toward local skincare products in Indonesia. Drawing on the Stimulus–Organism–Response (S–O–R) framework and Consumer Ethnocentrism Theory (CET), the study conceptualizes digital social pressure as arising from two distinct sources: social media influencers (SMI) and user-generated content–based social comparison (UGC-SCOM). It further examines fear of missing out (FoMO) as an affective mechanism and consumer ethnocentrism (CONET) as a value-based orientation associated with purchase intention. Data from a survey of young, digitally active consumers in Indonesia were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The results show that both SMI and UGC-SCOM are positively associated with purchase intention, both directly and indirectly via FoMO. SMI is more strongly associated with FoMO, whereas UGC-SCOM shows a slightly stronger direct association with purchase intention. The indirect associations via FoMO were significant for both relationships, consistent with a partial mediating mechanism. CONET shows a positive direct association with purchase intention but does not significantly moderate the relationship between FoMO and purchase intention. Overall, the findings indicate that different forms of digital social pressure are associated with purchase intention through parallel evaluative and affective processes rather than through a fully integrated mechanism.

Pine resin processing industry generates valuable materials but also produces wastewater with high organic loads (chemical oxygen demand [COD] ≈ 5,000 mg/L) and structurally complex organic compounds, making conventional treatments challenging. This study aimed to evaluate the electrochemical method as a complement to biological wastewater processing, using an electrocatalytic reactor equipped with a metal-oxide electrode (Ti/RuIrO2). Variables investigated in this study included cathode material, processing time, pH, and ferrous sulphate dose. Biological degradation was conducted in a 5-liter scale-up flow anaerobic reactor integrated with a 2.5-liter aerobic unit at a flow rate of 2.3 L/d. The anaerobic unit was inoculated with activated microorganisms at a 30% (w/v) microorganism-to-wastewater ratio, sourced from a Wastewater Technology Laboratory; the aerobic unit received 23.23 mg/L mixed liquor suspended solids from a textile-industry wastewater treatment plant. COD removal reached 42% in the anaerobic process and 68% in the aerobic process. Electrochemical treatment using a Ti/RuIrO2 cylindrical electrode–carbon plate pair achieved 77% COD removal after 3 h at pH 3 with 4 g/L coarse salt and 0.03 g/L FeSO4. In conclusion, integrating electrochemical and biological treatments reduced effluent COD to meet the local discharge standard.

Road infrastructure development is carried out to be able to serve the flow of goods and passengers smoothly, safely, and comfortably. Infrastructure maintenance is needed to keep roads always in good condition. The road infrastructure consumes a significant amount of budget, both for road maintenance and improvement. The Central Java Provincial Government, through the Public Works Service for Highways and Civil Works, has a prioritization sequence to maintain road conditions to facilitate smooth, safe, and comfortable traffic. Continuous and sustainable maintenance of constructed roads is necessary to ensure their stability. Therefore, a large budget is required to carry out this maintenance. In 2023, the budget requirement for routine road maintenance amounted to IDR 441.246.000.000,00. However, the actual budget realization for 2023 was only IDR 125.686.108.000,00, fulfilling just 28,48% of the calculation model using from using analysis for Planning, Programming, and Budgeting (P/KRMS analysis) application. Analysis results indicate that the budget realization for routine road maintenance in 2023 did not meet the requirement to maintain a stable road surface, as evidenced by a 1,61% decrease in road surface condition from 2022. The Central Java Provincial Public Works Service for Highways and Civil Works faces this challenge by maximizing the involvement of the Community Group for Highways Development (Mas BIMA) in expediting the handling process.