The use of native plants enriches the landscape projects, conserves the local flora, creates a local identity and promotes the symbiosis between native fauna and flora. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the vegetative propagation of the native species Calibrachoa sellowiana, Tibouchina dubia and Verbena rigida, using cuttings submitted to different concentrations of indolebutyric acid (IBA), naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and substrates. From the stock plants, the cuttings were excised from the apex, with leaves number varying according to the species. In the propagation of Calibrachoa sellowiana, Tibouchina dubia and Verbena rigida under different concentrations of IBA, 4 treatments were carried out, consisting of IBA at concentrations of 0 mg L-1 (control), 500 mg L-1, 1000 mg L-1 and 2,000 mg L-1. In the propagation of Tibouchina dubia under different concentrations of NAA, the experiment was developed using four treatments, NAA was diluted in acetone + talc at concentrations of 0 mg L-1 (control), 2,000 mg L-1, 4,000 mg L-1 and 6,000 mg L-1. The evaluated variables for all the experiments were: percentage of rooted cuttings, number of roots per rooted cutting, average root length (cm) and number of shoots. In the substrate experiment, the treatments were sand, vermiculite, Plantmax® and mixture of soil + sand, for all the species from the previous experiments. Calibrachoa sellowiana and Verbena rigida, rooted with low concentration of IBA, 0 e 500 mg L-1, respectively, but the PGR was not essential to rooting phase, since the control also developed roots. For Tibouchina dubia the IBA and NAA did not promoted rooting. Calibrachoa sellowiana rooted better with soil + sand, differing from Verbena rigida, which rooted better with Plantmax®.

The hops (Humulus lupulus L.) has significant importance for Brazil since its consumption in the manufacture of beer is primordial, although the country imports almost 100% of the hops consumed. Research in this area has increased recently, bringing new information and guidelines to support national production and provide a technical basis for improving planting and cultivation techniques. The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of different light supplementations (Control - environmental condition, 400 µmol m^-2 s^-1, 600 µmol^-2 m s^-1, and 800 µmol m^-2 s^-1 ) on the production of hops seedlings in a greenhouse. We found that the responses are distinct among the cultivars used, but light supplementation increases variables related to physiological processes and seedling growth. Thus, we conclude that light supplementation with photosynthetically active radiation is advantageous for the production of hops seedlings since positive effects were found on the physiological characteristics of gas exchange related to photosynthesis and plant development when 400, 600, and 800 µmol m^-2 s^-1 were applied. In addition, the intrinsic responses of each cultivar should be observed to adapt the production system.

Among the various technologies that can be used to modify the environmental conditions in protected cultivation, the use of agricultural waste and the use of cultivation benches of different colors can be beneficial to plants, providing adequate plant development and giving greater sustainability to the production system. The study aimed to identify the potential for using substrate based on agro-industrial waste and colored benches as alternatives for the production of Zinnia elegans. The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of the Mato Grosso do Sul State University (UEMS), in the Unit of Cassilândia, using a completely randomized design arranged in a 3 x 5 factorial scheme (three bench colors x five substrate doses), with three replications of four plants for each treatment. The treatments consisted of three colored benches (white, red, and control - metal bench) and five substrate mixtures with different concentrations of agro-industrial waste (SBRA) and Ecosolo^® (0, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) in which Zinnia elegans was grown. The variables analyzed were plant height, length of internodes, the number of leaves, relative chlorophyll content (SPAD), stem diameter, flower diameter, number of petals, time required for flowering and shoot dry mass. It was found that the composition of the substrate affected most of the characteristics evaluated, except for internode length and stem diameter. The benches resulted in significant differences in relative chlorophyll content and number of petals. Adding increasing proportions of SBRA, provides greater vegetative growth and flower development in Zinnia elegans plants.

The Flowers and Ornamental Plant sector supports an extensive network of entrepreneurs, in all stages related to cultivation, transport and commercialization. In this aspect, there is a great demand for skilled labor, making this sector a source of employment and income generation in the regions covered. However, there is great interference on the commercialization of flowers and ornamental plants by the seasonality of demand, which is often related to festive dates, weather, among other factors. Thus, knowledge about seasonal demands allows the sector to develop a plan, directing efforts to offer products with greater demand in a given period. This study aimed to generate information, through a case study based on the analysis of commercialization data, and verify the seasonal demand on the commercialization of ornamental species in western São Paulo. There was an increase in the demand for chrysanthemum cuttings, both for the domestic and export markets, during the years 2019 and 2020, in addition to fluctuations in the demand for some cultivars of cuttings of chrysanthemum in one year compared to the other. Through the analysis, it is concluded that the seasonality of commercialization of ornamental plants in the West Region of São Paulo really occurs, especially between the 26th and 34th week of the year, with the purpose of serving the domestic market of chrysanthemums. This result allows planning the planting and harvesting time, as well as the definition of the best varieties to be cultivated in these periods.

The purpose of this work is to present an alternative to the use of lamp and light diodes to increase production systems that lead to better natural energy use and better plant development. The species Euruca sativa L. was used, cultivated under a protected environment, and four treatments were taken (control; glossy white laminate; bright red laminate; aluminized thermoreflective screen). Our findings showed to reduce the efficiency of laminated reflective materials in increasing rucola production. The application of the red laminate with greater efficiency, positive results with the increase of fresh matter and number of leaves, increasing the energy efficiency of the plant. Furthermore, the better use of natural light can reduce production costs, since the application of artificial light generates an increase in fixed production costs. The purpose of this work is to present an alternative to the use of lamp and light diodes to increase production systems that lead to better natural energy use and better plant development. The species Euruca sativa L. was used, cultivated under a protected environment, and four treatments were taken (control; glossy white laminate; bright red laminate; aluminized thermoreflective screen). Our findings showed to reduce the efficiency of laminated reflective materials in increasing rucola production. The application of the red laminate with greater efficiency, positive results with the increase of fresh matter and number of leaves, increasing the energy efficiency of the plant. Furthermore, the better use of natural light can reduce production costs, since the application of artificial light generates an increase in fixed production costs.

Organic fertilization favors the physical and chemical attributes improvement of the soil and promotes the use of waste that would be discarded in the environment. This study aimed to identify the appropriate levels of rabbit manure compost (RMC) from rabbit farming in the production of substrates for lettuce. The experiment was implanted in plastic pots using 5 treatments: 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of RMC mixed with commercial substrate, in a completely randomized design with 10 replications. The analyzed variables were number of leaves per plant, shoot green matter, root green matter, shoot dry matter and root dry matter. There was an increase in number of leaves with the increase of the RMC doses incorporated into the substrate, up to the dose of 59.46%. The shoot green matter had its best response on 61.42% of RMC. In both variables there was a decline afterwards. The root green matter started with an increase up to the dose of 36.14% of RMC, followed by a decline, and another increase, not reaching the same values obtained at the beginning of the curve. An increase was observed in the shoot dry matter as the amount of RMC increased, up to the limit of 45.09%, and then declined. The root green matter showed an increase until approximately 25% of RMC, stabilizing on 75% of the compost. In general, values close to 60% of RMC mixed with the substrate presented the best results. We can conclude that the RMC can be used to promote a greater number of leaves, which are the economically viable parts of lettuce culture.