Background Preterm delivery (PTD) has been a significant cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Maternal serum ferritin, a biomarker of both iron stores and systemic inflammation, has shown inconsistent associations with PTD risk in individual studies. Objective This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to clarify the relationship between maternal serum ferritin levels and the risk of PTD. Methods Following the PRISMA guidelines, we searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar up to August 2025. Twenty-four observational studies with more than 10000 participants were included. Pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) and odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using random-effects models. The ROBINS-1 tool was used to assess the quality of the studies and the risk of bias. Results Ferritin levels were significantly higher in pregnancies ending in PTD (random-effects SMD 0.82, 95% CI 0.28-1.36; I 2 = 97.3%), with the strongest association observed in the second trimester (SMD 1.18, 95% CI 0.74-1.63). No independent predictive role for ferritin was shown (random-effects OR 1.05, 95% CI 0.97-1.13). High heterogeneity and evidence of publication bias were noted. Hemoglobin levels did not differ between groups. Conclusion Elevated levels of maternal serum ferritin, especially during the second trimester, are linked to PTD. However, the adjusted OR estimates have not shown statistical significance. There is considerable variability among the studies and a risk of bias that warrants cautious interpretation. Additionally, the diagnostic thresholds reported differ greatly and lack sufficient validation for clinical application. It is essential to conduct standardized prospective studies before ferritin-based clinical decision-making can be endorsed.

Background: Cluster of differentiation 15 (CD15) is a carbohydrate epitope implicated in cell adhesion, migration, and tumor progression. It is variably expressed in thyroid carcinoma (TC) subtypes. However, its diagnostic and prognostic value remains uncertain due to methodological heterogeneity and inconsistent findings. Aim: To systematically review the prevalence, clinicopathologic associations, and diagnostic utility of CD15 expression across TC subtypes. Methods and Results: Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search was conducted in May 2025 across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Sixteen observational studies evaluating CD15 expression in human TC were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the ROBINS‐I tool. A total of 1665 TC cases were analyzed. Classic papillary thyroid carcinoma (CPTC) showed moderate overall prevalence (0%–100%), follicular variant papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC) demonstrated lower expression (17.6%–80%), while tall‐cell papillary thyroid carcinoma (TCPTC) exhibited the highest positivity (71%–100%). Follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) showed modest expression, whereas medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) demonstrated overall low positivity. CD15 showed high specificity (90%–100%) for PTC, but sensitivity was inconsistent, particularly in follicular variants. Conclusion: CD15 demonstrates high specificity for PTC. However, its limited sensitivity and variable expression in follicular‐patterned lesions make its prognostic value unclear. CD15 should not be used as a standalone marker; instead, it may improve diagnostic accuracy when combined with other markers in multiparametric immunohistochemical panels.

Background: Premature ejaculation (PE) is the most common male sexual dysfunction, which often causes significant psychological problems. Although botulinum toxin A (Botox) has shown promise for delaying ejaculation through chemodenervation, the optimal anatomical target remains uncertain. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of Botox injection into the penile prepuce and subcoronal region as a novel approach for lifelong PE. Methods: A prospective case series was conducted in 7 adult men (mean age 54.7 ± 6.5 years) diagnosed with lifelong PE (intravaginal ejaculatory latency time .05 for all comparisons). No adverse events or treatment-related side effects were reported throughout the study period. Conclusions: Subcoronal Botox injection was safe and well-tolerated, but it did not show significant improvements in ejaculatory control or sexual function scores. The findings suggest that sensory-targeted Botox administration alone is insufficient to enhance the ejaculatory reflex.

Background: Inherited bleeding disorders (IBDs) are uncommon but clinically important conditions in pregnancy because they may increase maternal bleeding risk and may also affect fetal and neonatal outcomes. This study evaluated maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes among pregnant women with IBDs at a tertiary referral center in Iran. Methods: This retrospective matched case-control study was conducted between January 2010 and December 2020. Eighty-one pregnancies among women with hematology-confirmed IBDs were matched to 162 control pregnancies without documented bleeding disorders. The primary outcome was fetal/neonatal mortality, defined as stillbirth/intrauterine fetal death or neonatal death. Secondary outcomes included NICU admission, IUGR, neonatal blood transfusion, postpartum bleeding, postpartum hemorrhage, delivery mode, and hemostatic interventions. Results: The most common diagnostic category identified was other inherited factor deficiencies, followed by von Willebrand disease, hemophilia A-related disorders/carrier status, Glanzmann thrombasthenia, and hemophilia B-related disorders/carrier status. The rates of stillbirth/IUFD were significantly higher in pregnancies among women with IBDs at 11.1% compared to 0.6% in controls (relative risk [RR] 18.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.32–139.65). Similarly, neonatal death occurred more frequently in women with IBDs (7.4% vs. 0.6%; RR 12.00, 95% CI 1.47–98.01). The composite rate of fetal and neonatal mortality was also elevated among pregnancies affected by IBDs compared to controls (18.5% vs. 1.2%; RR 15.00, 95% CI 3.51–64.02). However, rates of NICU admission and IUGR were not significantly increased among these cases. Additionally, among women with IBDs, postpartum bleeding was reported in 25.9%, postpartum hemorrhage in 14.8%, and at least one hemostatic intervention was documented in 77.8% of cases. Conclusion: Pregnancies among women with IBDs were associated with increased fetal/neonatal mortality and substantial maternal bleeding-related morbidity in this tertiary-center cohort. These findings support early diagnosis, multidisciplinary antenatal planning, individualized delivery management, access to hemostatic therapy, and structured neonatal assessment for pregnancies affected by IBDs.