Intestinal mucositis, characterized by inflammatory and/or ulcerative processes in the gastrointestinal tract, occurs due to cellular and tissue damage following treatment with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Rutin (RUT), a natural flavonoid extracted from Dimorphandra gardneriana, exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, and gastroprotective properties. However, the effect of RUT on inflammatory processes in the intestine, especially on mucositis promoted by antineoplastic agents, has not yet been reported. In this study, we investigated the role of RUT on 5-FU-induced experimental intestinal mucositis. Swiss mice were randomly divided into seven groups: Saline, 5-FU, RUT-50, RUT-100, RUT-200, Celecoxib (CLX), and CLX + RUT-200 groups. The mice were weighed daily. After treatment, the animals were euthanized and segments of the small intestine were collected to evaluate histopathological alterations (morphometric analysis); malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and glutathione (GSH) concentrations; mast and goblet cell counts; and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity, as well as to perform immunohistochemical analyses. RUT treatment (200 mg/kg) prevented 5-FU-induced histopathological changes and reduced oxidative stress by decreasing MDA concentrations and increasing GSH concentrations. RUT attenuated the inflammatory response by decreasing MPO activity, intestinal mastocytosis, and COX-2 expression. These results suggest that the COX-2 pathway is one of the underlying protective mechanisms of RUT against 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis.

Intestinal mucositis is a common complication associated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), a chemotherapeutic agent used for cancer treatment. Troxerutin (TRX), a semi-synthetic flavonoid extracted from Dimorphandra gardneriana, has been reported as a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of TRX on 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis. Swiss mice were randomly divided into seven groups: Saline, 5-FU, TRX-50, TRX-100, TRX-150, Celecoxib (CLX), and CLX + TRX-100. The weight of mice was measured daily. After treatment, the animals were euthanized and segments of the small intestine were collected to evaluate histopathological alterations (morphometric analysis), levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), glutathione (GSH), mast and goblet cell counts, immunohistochemical analysis, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity. Compared to the saline treatment, the 5-FU treatment induced intense weight loss and reduction in villus height. TRX treatment (100 mg/kg) prevented the 5-FU-induced histopathological changes and decreased oxidative stress by decreasing the MDA levels and increasing GSH concentration. TRX attenuated inflammatory process by decreasing MPO activity, intestinal mastocytosis, and COX-2 expression. TRX also reversed the depletion of goblet cells. Our findings suggest that TRX at a concentration of 100 mg/kg had chemopreventive effects on 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis via COX-2 pathway.

Os alunos aprendem de maneiras diferentes e têm estilos diferentes, e isso se deve à multidimensionalidade do funcionamento. Propõe-se analisar a relevância do uso do socrativo como recurso didático na aprendizagem de alunos no ensino de ciências no ensino superior. Os objetivos do presente trabalho foram realizar uma revisão integrativa, na busca de artigos que tivessem em escopo, além do uso do socrative como ferramenta educacional digital no ensino de ciências no ensino superior, destacando também a avaliação de aluno aprendendo. Os resultados obtidos após a revisão integrativa indicam que o uso do socrativo pode beneficiar a aprendizagem dos conteúdos abordados no ensino de ciências no ensino superior, tendo assim relevância para toda a comunidade acadêmica.

It was aimed check the effect of Epiisopiloturine (EPI) on morphometric changes of villus and crypt in 5‐Fluorouracil (5‐FU) induced intestinal mucositis and to evaluate the expression of Cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) by immunohistochemistry in 5‐FU‐induced intestinal mucositis. The experimental protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee on Animal Use (9071050418). The in which the mice received on the first day of the experiment a single dose of 5‐FU (450 mg/kg) via intraperitoneal (i.p), with initiation of EPI treatment from day 2 to day 5. Initially the animals were divided into 5 groups. Group I: received the vehicle solution of 2% at dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in parallel to the other groups treated throughout the study; Group II: received on the first day of the experimental protocol a single dose of 5‐FU i.p. and were treated with a DMSO carrier solution; Group III: received on the first day of the experimental protocol a single dose of 5‐FU i.p and were treated with Epiisopiloturin (10 mg/kg) diluted in 2% DMSO on the next four days. Group IV (Celecoxib): received a single dose of 5‐FU (i.p). On the following days of the experimental protocol only Celecoxib (CLX) (7.5 mg/kg, i.p) was administered. Group V: the animals received a single 5‐FU dose and on the second day of the protocol received EPI (10 mg/kg) diluted in 2% DMSO and Celecoxib (7.5 mg/kg, ip). After euthanasia, the animals were dissected and the jejunum was collected for the preparation of the slides. After histological processing It was the morphometric evaluation with the help of ImageJ software, where the height of the villi and the depth of the crypts were measured. Immunohistochemistry for COX‐2 was then performed using the streptavidin‐biotin‐peroxidase method. EPI was able to prevent in a statistically significant way (p <0.05) shortening the villi and decreasing the depth of the crypts caused by 5‐FU. In addition, both the CLX group and the CLX + EPI group prevented villus shortening, with a statistically significant difference when compared to the 5‐FU group. Regarding the immunohistochemical evaluation, it was observed that the groups treated with EPI 10 mg/kg, CLX and the CLX + EPI combination showed a statistically significant reduction of the immunolabelled area for COX‐2 when compared to the group 5‐FU. It was also found that the combined treatment of CLX + EPI presented a smaller immunolabelled area when compared to the group treated with PPE alone, with a statistically significant difference between groups. EPI protected the mucosa and decreased COX‐2 expression, demonstrating anti‐inflammatory potential in the 5‐FU induced intestinal mucositis model. Support or Funding Information This study received funding of CNPQ and CAPES This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .

O reconhecimento das variações anatômicas dos vasos renais é essencial para a segurança e eficácia de procedimentos cirúrgicos e intervenções endovasculares. Entre essas variações, as artérias renais acessórias, como as artérias polares inferiores, são relativamente comuns. Durante a dissecação de um cadáver masculino, foi identificada uma variação anatômica rara caracterizada pela duplicidade de artérias polares inferiores direitas, dispostas em posição paralela. Ambas as artérias se originavam na face anterior e lateral da parte abdominal da artéria aorta descendente, aproximadamente 1 cm inferolateralmente à origem da artéria mesentérica inferior. Apresentavam um trajeto inicial horizontal e curto, seguido por um desvio posterior, contornando a parede abdominal posterior em direção ao rim direito. Esse achado reforça a importância do conhecimento detalhado dessas variações para a adequada interpretação anatômica e planejamento cirúrgico, contribuindo para a redução do risco de complicações intraoperatórias.