Purpose: Resistance and adverse consequences of albendazole (ABZ) in treating trichinellosis urged demand for secure and effective new drugs. The current study aimed to assess the effect of chitosan-coated lipid nano-combination with albendazole and miltefosine (MFS) in treating experimental murine trichinellosis and evaluating pathological and immunological changes of trichinellosis. Materials and Methods: One hundred twenty Swiss albino mice were divided into six groups. Each group was subdivided into a and b subgroups based on the scarification time, which was 7- and 40-days post-infection (PI), respectively. The treatment efficacy was evaluated using parasitological, histopathological, serological (interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-4 serum levels), immunohistochemical (GATA3, glutathione peroxidase1 (GPX1) and caspase-3), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) methods. Results: The most effective drug was nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) loaded with ABZ (G5), which showed the most significant reduction in adults and larval count (100% and 92.39%, respectively). The greatest amelioration in histopathological changes was reported in G4 treated with MFS. GATA3 and caspase-3 were significantly reduced in all treated groups. GPX1 was significantly increased in G6 treated with MFS + NLCs. The highest degenerative effects on adults and larvae by SEM were documented in G6. Conclusion: Loading ABZ or MFS on chitosan-coated NLCs enhanced their efficacy against trichinellosis. Although ABZ was better than MFS, their combination should be considered as MFS caused a significant reduction in the intensity of infection. Furthermore, MFS showed anti-inflammatory (↓GATA3) and antiapoptotic effects (↓caspase-3), especially in the muscular phase. Also, when loaded with NLCS, it showed an antioxidant effect (↑GPX1). Graphical

Toxoplasma gondii is a globally prevalent zoonotic parasite with major public health and veterinary impacts. In Egypt, One Health data on its distribution among blood donors and livestock are limited. This multicentric cross-sectional study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii among asymptomatic blood donors and livestock across six different Egyptian governorates and to identify the associated risk factors. Serum samples of 2000 asymptomatic blood donors and 500 animals (cattle and buffaloes) were tested for anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG and IgM antibodies using ELISA. Sociodemographic and behavioral data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Overall IgG seroprevalence in blood donors was 41.8%, with IgM seropositivity at 2.1%. Significant regional variation was observed (p < 0.001), ranging from 66.5% in Alexandria to 16% in Cairo. The most significant risk factors were consumption of undercooked meat, contact with cats, and engagement in agricultural activities (p < 0.001). Among livestock, IgG and IgM seroprevalence were 7.2% and 5.2%, respectively, indicating active parasite circulation. The presence of seropositivity among apparently healthy donors raises concerns regarding transfusion safety. These findings highlight substantial and regionally heterogeneous Toxoplasma gondii exposure in Egypt. A One Health approach integrating public health education, food safety measures, and targeted screening of high-risk populations and animals is essential to reduce disease burden.

Herbal remedies have been studied as alternative or adjuvant treatment options against parasitic infections.Treating trichinellosis with albendazole (ABZ) showed many drawbacks despite its efficacy.This study assessed the effectiveness of genistein (Soybean extract), either with or without ABZ, intreating experimental murine trichinellosis and evaluated the regulatory mechanisms. One hundredSwiss albino laboratory-bred mice were categorized into five groups: G1 uninfected and untreatedmice, G2 infected untreated mice, G3 infected and ABZ treated, G4; infected and genistein treated, G5infected and ABZ &genistein treated. Each group was divided according to the scarification time (7-or 40-days post-infection (dpi), respectively). The treatment efficacy was evaluated parasitological,histopathological, immunological, immunohistochemical (GATA3, glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1),and caspase 3) methods and by SEM. Combination of genistein & ABZ in treating trichinellosis showedthe best drug efficacy, with reduction of adults and larvae count at 96.73% & 81.56 %, respectively.They showed the highest degree in amelioration of histopathological changes and reduction of inflammationparallel to genistein-treated ones with significant reduction of GATA3 & caspase 3 expressions,but significant elevation of GPX1 expression as well as highest degeneration of adults and larvaeby SEM.