The study examines the determinants of multimorbidity among elderly people in Jammu and Kashmir. The analysis is based on 75th Round NSSO data on Social Consumption on Health. The study reveals that elderly people residing in urban areas, belonging to labour or other household types, following the Muslim religion, belonging to SC or other castes, lacking access to a latrine, having unsafe drinking water, and higher age statistically significantly increase the likelihood of multimorbidity. Conversely, being female, having higher education levels, being economically independent, and living with family are associated with lower odds of multimorbidity. The findings provide insights into the determinants of multimorbidity among the elderly in Jammu and Kashmir. Policymakers and healthcare providers can utilize this information to develop targeted interventions and strategies that address the specific risk factors and needs of different subgroups within the elderly population, ultimately improving their health outcomes and quality of life.

This study investigated the tourism–economic growth nexus in the United Arab Emirates from 1995 to 2023 using VECM and ARDL models to capture long- and short-run dynamics. Structural breaks in 2008, 2015, and 2020, identified through Zivot–Andrews and Bai–Perron tests, account for major economic transitions associated with the global financial crisis, oil-market adjustment, and the COVID-19 shock. VECM results reveal three long-run cointegrating relationships among economic growth, real tourism receipts, gross capital formation, FDI, and oil rents, with heterogeneous adjustment toward equilibrium. ARDL results confirm a long-run relationship, with tourism receipts, gross capital formation, FDI, and oil rents positively associated with economic growth. Short-run results similarly indicate positive associations across these determinants. However, Granger causality results show that economic growth predicts real tourism receipts, while tourism receipts do not significantly predict economic growth, indicating a growth-led tourism perspective rather than tourism-led predictive causality. Structural-break interventions further demonstrate the importance of major economic shocks in shaping the tourism–growth relationship. The study contributes by integrating VECM, ARDL, Granger causality, and structural-break analysis within a resource-rich and rapidly diversifying Gulf economy. Overall, the findings highlight tourism, investment, FDI, and diversification as interconnected components of sustainable economic growth in the UAE.