To meet the growing requirements of agricultural mechanization, a newly designed 9.5 m span frame has been introduced to replace the traditional 8.0 m span frame, which is constrained by limited internal space. However, as the structural dimensions increase, the failure mechanisms of arch frames under wind loads remain insufficiently understood. In particular, the influences of crop loads, initial geometric imperfections, pipe cross-sectional properties, and cable reinforcement on these failure mechanisms have not yet been systematically investigated. This study aims to reveal the mechanical mechanisms governing the wind-bearing capacity of standard 8.0 m span and newly designed 9.5 m span frames through comparative analysis, and to further investigate how crop loads, initial geometric imperfections, pipe cross-sectional properties, and cable reinforcement modify these mechanisms. The load combinations considered included the following: (1) permanent load + wind load and (2) permanent load + crop load + wind load. The crop load was applied to the frames via a 5-point hanging system. Simulation results indicate that the 9.5 m span frame exhibits a lower allowable wind speed (v_a) than the 8.0 m span frame due to strength failure. Further analysis reveals that the failure is governed by decreased stiffness resulting from the dimensional expansion. Notably, crop loads and initial geometric imperfections were found to amplify second-order bending moments, thereby further decreasing v_a. Moreover, a positive linear correlation is observed between the section modulus of pipes and v_a. However, replacing the circular pipe with rectangular, oval, or elliptical pipes of a similar cross-sectional area does not increase the v_a of the 9.5 m span frame. Conversely, reinforcing the 9.5 m span frame with cables provides strong lateral constraints and effectively suppresses the amplification of bending moments arising from crop loads and initial geometric imperfections. Thus, limiting lateral displacement through reinforcement measures can markedly increase the wind-bearing capacity of frames. The reinforced 9.5 m span frame proves to be a viable replacement for the 8.0 m span frame, meeting the modern demands of facility agriculture in Southern China.

Although peanut shells represent an abundant agricultural waste, their high-value utilization potential as a horticultural substrate has not been fully recognized. Meanwhile, horticultural crops such as tomatoes are in urgent demand for high-quality and innovative cultivation substrates. This study investigated the effects of different ratios of peanut shell–substrate on tomato yield and rhizosphere bacterial community structure, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the utilization of agricultural waste and the development of novel growth substrates for tomato cultivation. Results showed that peanut shell–substrate improved tomato yield and quality, and enhanced soil urease, sucrase, and catalase activities. High-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed significant differences in rhizosphere bacterial alpha diversity between peanut shell substrates and the control. Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Actinobacteriota were the dominant phyla, while unclassified genera, Devosia A_501803 and Bauldia, were identified as the core genera at the genus level. In conclusion, peanut shell substrates enriched dominant functional bacterial genera and enhanced the ecological functions of the substrate.