Piquin pepper (Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum) is an important species that supports the economy of rural households; it is part of Mexican gastronomy and it is a highly valuable phytogenetic resource. There has been recent interest in domesticating and exploiting piquin pepper commercially, which has been limited until now due to the low germination rate, and this work had the purpose of promoting germination and determining the physiological capacity of genotypes. Ten piquin pepper genotypes from different geographical origins in Mexico were submitted to 11 pre-germination treatments. A completely randomized experimental design was carried out with arrangement in split-plot. The large plot had the treatments and the small plot had the genotypes. The results showed differences (p < 0.01) among treatments, genotypes, and treatment–genotype interaction. On one hand, treatments gibberellic acid (GA) and mechanical scarification + gibberellic acid (MSGA) increased the physiological potential of genotypes, reaching the highest values of germination speed (GS), germination index (IG) and germination percentage (GP); as well as the lowest values of dead seeds (DS) and hard Seeds (HS). In turn, the genotypes that presented the same condition were G8, G7, and G10. Regarding the interaction, each variable had a different condition. In conclusion, we can increase the physiological potential and solve the dormancy of piquin pepper seed by applying gibberellic acid. Likewise, the best genotypes were G8 and G10.

The present study aimed to determine the Genotype × Environment interaction (GEI), yield stability, and agronomic performance of 24 “Pinto” bean lines under semi-arid conditions in Central-West Mexico. All the lines possess a slow-darkening seed coat, a trait that prolongs visual quality and increases market value. The lines, which exhibit an indeterminate prostrate growth habit, were evaluated in three contrasting environments: irrigated, rainfed, and drought-stressed. A combined analysis of variance, Tukey’s test, and the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI 2) model were applied to assess seed yield and agronomic traits. Average seed yield declined markedly across environments, from 2279 kg ha⁻¹ under irrigation to 593 kg ha⁻¹ under drought stress, with different lines performing best in each environment. AMMI 2 biplot analysis showed that the first two principal components explained 100% of GEI variability for seed yield, dry shoot biomass, total biomass, harvest index, pods per plant, and seeds per pod. Both genetic and environmental effects were significant, with notable GEI patterns. Despite pronounced environmental influence, several lines exhibited stable performance across environments. Line 11 consistently combined high yield and stability, positioning it as a strong candidate for cultivar registration and as a parent in breeding programs targeting semiarid regions. These results underscore the importance of multi-environment evaluation for identifying genotypes with broad or specific adaptation, contributing to genetic improvement and sustainable bean production under variable moisture regimes.

Different nutritional factors affect the resumption of postpartum ovarian activity in dual-purpose cattle in the tropical region. First, this review establishes the importance of reducing postpartum anestrus in cows to achieve greater reproductive performance. Next sections describe how each nutritional component has affected reproductive parameters. In most of the studies analyzed, comparisons of reproductive parameters were made between a group receiving the treatment and the control group. Then, a series of strategies to improve reproduction in dual-purpose cattle were described. Finally, the conclusions and practical implications were presented. http://dx.doi.org/10.21929/abavet2022.251 e2022-18 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2pjtZqmxN78 Son diversos los factores nutricionales que afectan al reinicio de la actividad ovárica posparto en bovinos de doble propósito en la región tropical. En este manuscrito se describe la importancia de reducir el anestro posparto de las hembras con el propósito de lograr una mayor eficiencia reproductiva. Las secciones siguientes describen como cada componente de los alimentos ha afectado los parámetros reproductivos. En la mayoría de los estudios analizados se realizaron comparaciones de los parámetros reproductivos entre un grupo que recibe el tratamiento y el grupo control. Asimismo, se describe una serie de estrategias para mejorar la reproducción en bovinos doble propósito. Finalmente, se presenta las conclusiones e implicaciones prácticas. http://dx.doi.org/10.21929/abavet2022.251 e2022-18 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2pjtZqmxN78 http://dx.doi.org/10.21929/abavet2022.251 e2022-18 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2pjtZqmxN78

In the context of the mutants, polyembryony in maize (PEm) has agronomic potential; therefore, the inclusion of the PEm in new varieties may be useful when considering the ascending demand for food. The objective of this study was to develop new genotypes with high productivity potential, superior to in local area, and useful for family and extensive agriculture. In this work, single crosses were carried out between three pure lines and the high frequency polyembryonic populations. The resulting F1 were advanced to the third generation (G3) and the genotypes obtained from this last generation were used as progenitors of a mating plan, according to the Griffing method 4. The resulting crosses were evaluated in a yield test measuring common characteristics of economic importance (Days to Male Flowering (MF), Plant Height (PH), Cob Height (CH), Fusarium Rotten cobs, Cobs (CFUS), Yield (YLD), and analyzed with the computer routine DIALLEL-SAS05. The results allowed to indicate that both the source of variation Genotypes as additive effects (GCA) presented significance for all variables, while non-additive (SCA) were significant only in the variables of cob sanity (p≤0.01) and productivity (p≤0.05). In this regard, most of the variables showed a greater contribution of the effects of General Combining Ability (GCA) compared to Specific Combining Ability (SCA). In addition, it was observed that the crosses were superior in all the variables evaluated with respect to BAP and NAP, and statistically similar in some cases with respect to hybrids. This means that this type of segregant polyembryony crosses can compete with other materials evaluated in the region. The estimation of GCA and SCA generated information on the potential of the studied parents and their crosses and are worthy of being taken into account in the formation of varieties.

Livestock farming faces various factors that affect the development of calves, such as the dry season. The purpose of this study was to compare the post-weaning performance of dual-purpose calves raised in stalls fed the same grass species during periods of drought and rain. Nine Girolando Brown Swiss cross calves were used, divided into two groups, the grazing group (GG; n=4) and the stabled group (CG; n=5). A linear fixed effects model with factorial design was implemented. The average daily gain (ADG) during the dry season was observed to be 419±95 g/day/calf and 310±15 g/day/calf for GG and CG, respectively. However, during the rainy season, GG showed an increase while CG showed a decrease in body weight (790±131 and - 110±63 g/day/calf, respectively). During the rainy season, grazing management (GG; $0.88±0.09 USD/day/calf) is 30% less expensive than barn management (CG; $1.25±0.07 USD/day/calf). However, during the drought period, grazing management is only 5.7% cheaper. Appropriate management measures for developing calves must be taken into account depending on whether grazing is extensive or confined, as well as drought or rain conditions.

Actualmente el cambio climático obliga a los fitomejoradores a desarrollar genotipos adaptados a mega-ambientes, lo que garantiza la correcta producción del cultivo. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el potencial en rendimiento de grano y estabilidad de genotipos de soya. Para estos fines, se evaluaron 15 genotipos de soya (siete variedades y ocho líneas experimentales) a través de cuatro años (2014, 2015, 2016 y 2017), en un diseño látice cuadrado 5x5 con tres repeticiones. El análisis de varianza reveló diferencias significativas en años, genotipos y en la interacción genotipos por años. Siendo la fuente de variación años, la que tuvo mayor impacto en el rendimiento con un 84.3%, seguido de la interacción genotipos por años (10%) y de genotipos (5.6%). Asimismo, las condiciones del 2014 fueron más propicias para que los genotipos tuvieran un mayor rendimiento. Con relación a los genotipos, el G15, G7, G5 y G2 presentaron los mayores valores de rendimiento a través de los cuatro años. En cuanto a estabilidad y rendimiento el método de rendimiento relativo y la representación Biplot GGE coincidieron en que los genotipos que poseen estas dos características son G7 y G2. Por otro lado, se formaron dos mega-ambientes siendo el genotipo G15 el ganador respecto a su desempeño en el primer mega-ambiente donde estuvieron incluidos los años 2015, 2016 y 2017, de la misma forma el genotipo G5 fue el ganador en el segundo mega-ambiente constituido por el año 2014. Los dos métodos al complementarse explicaron mayormente la variación fenotípica del rendimiento.