A shaft-rate electric field (SREF) is a weak characteristic signal generated by moving ships in the ocean, serving as a key physical feature in underwater target detection and identification. Based on the generation mechanism of shaft-frequency electric fields, the research progress of traditional detection and extraction methods was systematically reviewed. On this basis, the feasible paths for applying quantum technology in SREF detection were further elaborated by integrating the core characteristics of quantum technology. Results indicated that Rydberg atoms and diamond nitrogen-vacancy centers demonstrate promising feasibility for detecting SREFs, exhibiting significant advantages over conventional methods in sensitivity and precision. Meanwhile, addressing the detection frequency and measurement intensity constituted a crucial breakthrough for the development of quantum technology-based SREF detection. This study aims to provide theoretical foundations and technical feasibility analysis for the quantum detection of SREFs, promoting the paradigm shift in this field from traditional methods to highly sensitive quantum sensing.

The sensitivity of cold atom gravimeters is strongly governed by the spatial uniformity of their internal bias magnetic field. This paper presents an engineering-constrained optimization framework based on a mixed-encoding genetic algorithm for designing a coaxial three-coil bias magnetic field system with configurable uniform field regions. Unlike conventional analytical methods that produce uniform fields inherently centered at the coil geometry, the proposed approach allows the target uniform region to be specified according to the actual vacuum chamber layout. The genetic algorithm employs a mixed-encoding scheme—real-valued for positions, integer for turns, and binary for current directions—to handle the heterogeneous variable types arising from engineering constraints. The axial magnetic field uniformity was used as the fitness function, producing a design with non-uniformity below 1% in the specified region. To verify the fabricated coils, the magnetic field distribution inside the vacuum chamber was measured in situ using scanning Raman spectroscopy. Experimental results showed good agreement with the GA-predicted distribution, with a measured non-uniformity of approximately 0.96%. This study demonstrates that the mixed-encoding GA framework provides an effective and configurable solution for bias magnetic field design in cold atom quantum sensors, and the method can be extended to other quantum devices requiring large-scale uniform magnetic fields.