The ascendant danger of bacterial infections has resulted in an urgent requirement for developing new antibacterial approaches. Recently, nitric oxide (NO) has shown a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity while avoiding resistance. However, achieving effective NO-based antibacterial therapies remains challenging, mired by the safety concerns of NO donor, residual toxicity by the ingredients, or complicated procedures. Herein, a self-activated NO-releasing hydrogel depot is fabricated by Ca²⁺-crosslinked sodium alginate doped with CaO₂ nanoparticles, L-arginine, and oxidized mesoporous carbon nanoparticles (OMCN) for photothermal enhanced bacteria killing. The locally concentrated H₂O₂, generated from the reaction of CaO₂ nanoparticles and water, could oxidize L-arginine to release NO. Meanwhile, benefiting from the remarkable photothermal effect of OMCN, the hybrid hydrogel possesses a synergistic sterilization behavior in combating both Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus bacteria in vitro. Moreover, the dual therapeutic hydrogel displays high efficiency in treatment of bacteria-infected mice with back wound model while showing no distinct toxicity. In addition, the restricted environment of hydrogel makes it easy to remove all the components from the infected wound, alleviating possible side effects from exogenous H₂O₂. As such, the designed NO-synergistic photothermal hydrogel provides a promising strategy for treating bacterial infections.

A maximum GSH-depleting photodynamic nanosystem was developed by loading Cu²⁺ into porphyrin MOF. Both in vitro and in vivo results indicate MOF@Cu²⁺ could obliterate biofilm infection and facilitate wound healing with no distinct side effects.

Here, a self-healing and injectable SABA/Borax/PDA@AgNPs hydrogel with satisfactory mechanical properties is prepared, which achieves considerable antibacterial efficacy both in vitro and in vivo.

Heparin-functionalized hollow hydroxyapatite microspheres were successfully prepared using heparin-entrapped calcium carbonate particles as original materials in a Na₂HPO₄-containing emulsion system. Heparin plays an important role in the formation of hollow structures. The obtained microspheres exhibit good anticoagulant ability and sustained release of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). The cell viability assays indicate that the microspheres are nearly non-toxic to mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) cells up to a concentration of 200 μg mL⁻¹, and the proliferation activity of the bFGF-loaded microspheres could be prolonged to at least 6 days. The simulated body fluid immersion tests reveal that the microspheres have a good in vitro bioactivity. Our results suggest that the obtained microspheres may serve as promising candidates for simultaneous use as bone reconstruction material and growth factors delivery vehicle.

The undercooling behaviour of the superalloys IN 939 and CMSX-6 during the isothermal heating and cooling processes was investigated. Under the same process conditions, the undercoolability of CMSX-6 was measured to be 50.4 K while that of IN 939 was only 10.1 K. This great difference can be attributed to the amount of alloying elements. During Bridgman directional solidification using the same process parameters, the used alloys exhibited a very different tendency to form structure defects. While the CMSX-6 components were nearly defect-free, the IN 939 samples of the same geometry were very prone to stray grain formation. This difference can be attributed to the different undercoolability of the investigated superalloys. Therefore, the undercoolability is an important factor of castability and the cast quality of single crystal components can be effectively improved by increasing the undercoolability of the superalloys.