Studying construction land expansion (CLE) characteristics and driving factors in resource-based cities (RBCs) is important to promote efficient land use and maintain ecological equilibrium in RBCs. This study explores the CLE and its driving factors in RBCs. The results indicated that (1) the CLE in RBCs became increasingly obvious, and the number of cities with expansion areas exceeding 20 km² increased from 29 to 86. In RBCs in different regions, CLE in eastern, central, and western regions was obvious, while CLE in the northeast region decelerated. The order of CLE degree at different stages of RBCs was mature, growing, regenerative, and declining. (2) Single factors such as gross domestic product, fixed-asset investment, and secondary industry added value, playing a major role. This differs from the dominant role of population and urbanization in existing research. This occurred because population growth is slow, the urbanization rate is low, population contraction prominently occurs, and economic development exhibits notable path dependence in RBCs. (3) Interaction-factor detection demonstrated that the force of two-factor interaction was greater than that of a single factor, and the interactions of total population with fixed-asset investment and economic development level strongly drove CLE in RBCs.

Archaeological sites serve as unique spatial carriers that preserve historical memories and cultural heritage, making their protection and the integrated development of cultural tourism critical issues in the field of cultural heritage studies. This study investigates the spatial distribution and correlation between archaeological sites (ASs) and cultural tourism resources (CTRs) in Shanxi Province, using a spatial database of ASs. The findings show that: (1) Shanxi has abundant ASs and CTRs, with ASs concentrated in the southern region. The distribution of CTRs largely mirrors that of ASs. (2) A strong positive correlation exists between ASs and CTRs, particularly with museums. In terms of spatial combinations, ASs show a more pronounced synergy with national key cultural relics protection units. (3) Integration of ASs and CTRs in Shanxi is classified into four types, with the southern region showing the highest integration, designated as the AS-CTR advantage area. Tailored strategies for further integration could be developed based on regional resource advantages, spatial correlations, and integration types.

【目的】科学评价资源型城市新旧动能转换水平，分析新旧动能转换水平的空间演化及其影响机制，为资源型城市绿色转型提供理论和现实依据。【方法】本文综合运用地理空间分析技术和马尔科夫链，研究2011—2021年中国109个资源型城市新旧动能转换空间演化特征，并运用障碍度模型、最优参数地理探测器和时空地理加权回归方法，从内部因素（障碍因素）和外部因素（驱动因素）分析新旧动能转换的影响机制。【结果】①研究期内资源型城市新旧动能转换指数均值由0.115增加至0.153，呈向好态势发展；空间上新旧动能转换指数呈“沿海高内陆低”的格局，空间集聚效应有所减弱。②空间马尔科夫链分析显示，邻域对新旧动能转换起重要作用；新旧动能转换存在一定程度的路径依赖效应。③“发展方式转变”维度是新旧动能转换的主要障碍，城市规模、地形、气温和产业规模对新旧动能转换水平起主导作用且有空间分异特征。④异质性分析表明，实际使用外资金额占比是成长型和再生型资源型城市新旧动能转换的主要障碍因素，资本生产率是成熟型和衰退型资源型城市的主要障碍因素；城市规模是成熟型和成长型资源型城市新旧动能转换的主要驱动因素，气温是衰退型资源型城市的主要驱动因素，地形是再生型资源型城市的主要驱动因素。【结论】资源型城市新旧动能转换呈显著的地域差异和空间集聚效应，且受多种内外部因素综合影响；资源型城市应兼顾差异化建设和一体化发展，注重绿色转型，充分发挥新经济要素的引领作用。

Accurately identifying the spatial differentiation mechanisms of rural homesteads in ecologically fragile mountainous areas is essential for implementing United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 11—building inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable human settlements—and for advancing differentiated rural revitalization strategies. Taking Zhaotong City in Yunnan Province as a case study, this study innovatively couples the binary logistic regression model with the geographic detector model to systematically analyze the spatial patterns and driving mechanisms of rural homesteads from the dual perspectives of “occurrence probability” and “agglomeration intensity.” The results show that: (1) Spatial pattern analysis reveals a macro-level distribution characterized by “higher density in the east than the west, and higher elevation in the south than the north.” At the local level, high-density small-scale clusters coexist with low-density large-scale clusters. The landscape is highly fragmented and morphologically complex, and can be classified into two regional types: “regular-dense” and “complex-expansive.” (2) The driving mechanism analysis reveals that the spatial differentiation of rural homesteads is closely linked to rigid topographic constraints, elastic responses to accessibility for both production and daily life, and adaptive adjustments to climatic conditions. Geodetector analysis further identifies widespread nonlinearly enhanced interactions among these factors, reflecting the synergistic interplay between natural and human elements. Building on these findings, this study proposes a three-tiered analytical framework—“rigid constraints–elastic responses–coupled amplification”—to characterize the multidimensional driving logic underlying homestead spatial differentiation in mountainous regions. This framework advances empirical understanding of mountain settlement dynamics in ecologically fragile developing countries and yields actionable governance insights: in areas exhibiting high landscape fragmentation, complex morphological patterns, and low agglomeration intensity, priority should be given to remediation strategies such as voluntary homestead withdrawal and ecological relocation. The findings provide a scientific basis for revitalizing existing homestead land, spatial restructuring, and refined governance in Southwest China’s mountainous regions. Furthermore, this research offers a transferable analytical framework and practical reference for sustainable human settlement development in similar contexts, including the Qinba and Hengduan Mountains, as well as ecologically fragile zones globally.