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Bisphenol A is a chemical used primarily as a monomer in the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. It is a synthetic chemical compound that is produced in billions of pounds annually, and tagged as an endocrine disruptor. Bisphenol A is a high production synthetic chemical compound that is used in the production of many consumables and equipments of daily consumption and use by man. Growing interest in possible health threats posed by endocrine disrupting chemicals (bisphenol-A inclusive), as these substances are in our environment, food, and many consumer products. Therefore, this study aims to determine bisphenol-A effects on the hypothalamo-pituitary-ovarian axis, and role of melatonin in this regard. Forty-two Wistar rats were bred, grouped into 7, with each group consisting of 6 rats. Experimental groups were administered low and high doses of bisphenol-A and melatonin, starting from day 19, and was continued for 7 weeks orally. They were left to develop into full adults and were sacrificed on day 120±4 days. Blood samples, hypothalamus, pituitary and ovarian tissues were excised for biochemical and tissue antioxidants assays as well as genetic studies. Results show elevated gonadotropin and androgen levels. There was disruption of reactive oxygen species in the ovarian tissues, as well as alterations in the expression of genes that regulate reproduction at the hypothalamus and pituitary levels. Conclusion of early exposure to bisphenol-A is associated with prolonged duration of disruption of reproductive functions in female Wistar rats, which persist long after cessation of the exposure. Melatonin antioxidant effects give some promising outturns against bisphenol-A induced toxicities.
Eniola Risikat Kadir; Aminu Imam; Olayemi Joseph Olajide; Moyosore Saliu Ajao. Alterations of Kiss 1 receptor, GnRH receptor and nuclear receptors of the hypothalamo-pituitary-ovarian axis following low dose bisphenol-A exposure in Wistar rats. Anatomy & Cell Biology 2021, 54, 212 -224.
AMA StyleEniola Risikat Kadir, Aminu Imam, Olayemi Joseph Olajide, Moyosore Saliu Ajao. Alterations of Kiss 1 receptor, GnRH receptor and nuclear receptors of the hypothalamo-pituitary-ovarian axis following low dose bisphenol-A exposure in Wistar rats. Anatomy & Cell Biology. 2021; 54 (2):212-224.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEniola Risikat Kadir; Aminu Imam; Olayemi Joseph Olajide; Moyosore Saliu Ajao. 2021. "Alterations of Kiss 1 receptor, GnRH receptor and nuclear receptors of the hypothalamo-pituitary-ovarian axis following low dose bisphenol-A exposure in Wistar rats." Anatomy & Cell Biology 54, no. 2: 212-224.
Neuroscience research in Africa remains sparse. Devising new policies to boost Africa’s neuroscience landscape is imperative, but these must be based on accurate data on research outputs which is largely lacking. Such data must reflect the heterogeneity of research environments across the continent’s 54 countries. Here, we analyse neuroscience publications affiliated with African institutions between 1996 and 2017. Of 12,326 PubMed indexed publications, 5,219 show clear evidence that the work was performed in Africa and led by African-based researchers - on average ~5 per country and year. From here, we extract information on journals and citations, funding, international coauthorships and techniques used. For reference, we also extract the same metrics from 220 randomly selected publications each from the UK, USA, Australia, Japan and Brazil. Our dataset provides insights into the current state of African neuroscience research in a global context.
M. B. Maina; U. Ahmad; H. A. Ibrahim; S. K. Hamidu; F. E. Nasr; A. T. Salihu; A. I. Abushouk; M. Abdurrazak; M. A. Awadelkareem; A. Amin; A. Imam; I. D. Akinrinade; A. H. Yakubu; I. A. Azeez; Y. G. Mohammed; A. A. Adamu; A. M. Bukar; A. U. Yaro; B. W. Goni; L. L. Prieto-Godino; T. Baden. Two decades of neuroscience publication trends in Africa. Nature Communications 2021, 12, 1 -10.
AMA StyleM. B. Maina, U. Ahmad, H. A. Ibrahim, S. K. Hamidu, F. E. Nasr, A. T. Salihu, A. I. Abushouk, M. Abdurrazak, M. A. Awadelkareem, A. Amin, A. Imam, I. D. Akinrinade, A. H. Yakubu, I. A. Azeez, Y. G. Mohammed, A. A. Adamu, A. M. Bukar, A. U. Yaro, B. W. Goni, L. L. Prieto-Godino, T. Baden. Two decades of neuroscience publication trends in Africa. Nature Communications. 2021; 12 (1):1-10.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. B. Maina; U. Ahmad; H. A. Ibrahim; S. K. Hamidu; F. E. Nasr; A. T. Salihu; A. I. Abushouk; M. Abdurrazak; M. A. Awadelkareem; A. Amin; A. Imam; I. D. Akinrinade; A. H. Yakubu; I. A. Azeez; Y. G. Mohammed; A. A. Adamu; A. M. Bukar; A. U. Yaro; B. W. Goni; L. L. Prieto-Godino; T. Baden. 2021. "Two decades of neuroscience publication trends in Africa." Nature Communications 12, no. 1: 1-10.
Background: Motor dysfunctions are some of the characteristic symptoms of organophosphate (OP) poisoning and they have been associated with decreased levels of cholinesterase inhibition within motor areas of the brain. Objectives: The current study aims to investigate the potential neuroprotective effects of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) in alleviating chlorpyrifos (CPF) induced toxicity in the cerebella and motor cortices of the rat brains using combined behavioural, biochemical and histochemical methods. Methods: Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into four groups (eight rats per group), exposed to 1ml/kg of normal saline, 14.9 mg/kg of CPF, 14.9 mg/kg of CPF plus 1ml/kg of NSO and 1ml/kg of NSO respectively for 14 consecutive days. The rats were each exposed to a single trial of the Open Field Test (OFT) on day 13 of the experiment. This experimental test measured locomotor activity levels (line crossing frequency (LCF)) and exploratory (rearing frequency (RF)) activities in the rats studied. The rats were euthanized on day 15 of the experiment and the brains were subsequently excised. The cerebella cortices of five brains were removed and homogenised to analyse for total reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO) levels and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. The motor and cerebella cortices from three other brains in each group were processed for histology (Nissl stain) and proliferative activity (Ki67 immunohistochemistry). Results: Rats exposed to CPF experienced a significant increase in cerebella NO and ROS levels, depletion in AChE activity, neurogenic cells loss and subsequent reduction in locomotor and exploratory behaviours respectively (LCF and RF). However, interventional treatment with NSO depleted markers of oxidative damage (NO and ROS), reduced AChE inhibition, preserved neurogenic (Ki67) cells distribution and motor functions. Conclusion: These results demonstrate the potential efficacy of NSO in OP poisoning and the roles of neurogenic and oxidative functions in the pathophysiology and treatment of motor dysfunction in OP neurotoxicity.
Aminu Imam; Barakat Oyindamola Salaudeen; Aboyeji Lukuman Oyewole; Asma'U Shehu Muhammad; Christianah Oyegbola; Rukayat Jaji-Sulaimon; Fatimo Ajoke Sulaimon; Adam Moyosore Afodun; Moyosore Salihu Ajao. Chlorpyrifos impaired cerebellar oxidative and cholinesterase activities in rats: Mitigating efficacy of Nigella sativa Oil. Nepal Journal of Neuroscience 2021, 18, 15 -22.
AMA StyleAminu Imam, Barakat Oyindamola Salaudeen, Aboyeji Lukuman Oyewole, Asma'U Shehu Muhammad, Christianah Oyegbola, Rukayat Jaji-Sulaimon, Fatimo Ajoke Sulaimon, Adam Moyosore Afodun, Moyosore Salihu Ajao. Chlorpyrifos impaired cerebellar oxidative and cholinesterase activities in rats: Mitigating efficacy of Nigella sativa Oil. Nepal Journal of Neuroscience. 2021; 18 (2):15-22.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAminu Imam; Barakat Oyindamola Salaudeen; Aboyeji Lukuman Oyewole; Asma'U Shehu Muhammad; Christianah Oyegbola; Rukayat Jaji-Sulaimon; Fatimo Ajoke Sulaimon; Adam Moyosore Afodun; Moyosore Salihu Ajao. 2021. "Chlorpyrifos impaired cerebellar oxidative and cholinesterase activities in rats: Mitigating efficacy of Nigella sativa Oil." Nepal Journal of Neuroscience 18, no. 2: 15-22.
Understanding the function and dysfunction of the brain remains one of the key challenges of our time. However, an overwhelming majority of brain research is carried out in the Global North, by a minority of well-funded and intimately interconnected labs. In contrast, with an estimated one neuroscientist per million people in Africa, news about neuroscience research from the Global South remains sparse. Clearly, devising new policies to boost Africa's neuroscience landscape is imperative. However, the policy must be based on accurate data, which is largely lacking. Such data must reflect the extreme heterogeneity of research outputs across the continent's 54 countries distributed over an area larger than USA, Europe and China combined. Here, we analysed all of Africa's Neuroscience output over the past 21 years. Uniquely, we individually verified in each of 12,326 publications that the work was indeed performed in Africa and led by African-based researchers. This step is critical: previous estimates grossly inflated figures, because many of Africa's high-visibility publications are in fact the result of internationally led collaborations, with most work done outside of Africa. The remaining number of African-led Neuroscience publications was 5,219, on average only ~5 per country and year. From here, we extracted metrics such as the journal and citations, as well as detailed information on funding, international collaborations and the techniques and model systems used. We link these metrics to demographic data and indicators of mobility and economy. For reference, we also extracted the same metrics from 220 randomly selected publications each from the UK, USA, Australia, Japan and Brazil. Our unique dataset allows us to gain accurate and in-depth information on the current state of African Neuroscience research, and to put it into a global context. This in turn allows us to make actionable recommendations on how African research might best be supported in the future.
Mahmoud Bukar Maina; Umar Ahmad; Ibrahim A Harun; Hamidu Suleiman Kwairanga; Fayza Eid Nasr; Abubakar Tijjani Salihu; Abdelrahman Ibrahim Abushouk; Abdurrazak Muhammad; Mosab Ali AwadElkareem; Abdulbasit Amin; Aminu Imam; Ibukun D Akinrinade; Abdulbasit Halliru Yakubu; Idris Ayodeji Azeez; Yunusa Garba Mohammed; Adamu Ahmad Adamu; Boyi H Ibrahim; Ali Maina Bukar; Aisha Umar Yaro; Lucia L Prieto-Godino; Tom Baden. 20 years of African Neuroscience: Waking a sleeping giant. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleMahmoud Bukar Maina, Umar Ahmad, Ibrahim A Harun, Hamidu Suleiman Kwairanga, Fayza Eid Nasr, Abubakar Tijjani Salihu, Abdelrahman Ibrahim Abushouk, Abdurrazak Muhammad, Mosab Ali AwadElkareem, Abdulbasit Amin, Aminu Imam, Ibukun D Akinrinade, Abdulbasit Halliru Yakubu, Idris Ayodeji Azeez, Yunusa Garba Mohammed, Adamu Ahmad Adamu, Boyi H Ibrahim, Ali Maina Bukar, Aisha Umar Yaro, Lucia L Prieto-Godino, Tom Baden. 20 years of African Neuroscience: Waking a sleeping giant. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMahmoud Bukar Maina; Umar Ahmad; Ibrahim A Harun; Hamidu Suleiman Kwairanga; Fayza Eid Nasr; Abubakar Tijjani Salihu; Abdelrahman Ibrahim Abushouk; Abdurrazak Muhammad; Mosab Ali AwadElkareem; Abdulbasit Amin; Aminu Imam; Ibukun D Akinrinade; Abdulbasit Halliru Yakubu; Idris Ayodeji Azeez; Yunusa Garba Mohammed; Adamu Ahmad Adamu; Boyi H Ibrahim; Ali Maina Bukar; Aisha Umar Yaro; Lucia L Prieto-Godino; Tom Baden. 2020. "20 years of African Neuroscience: Waking a sleeping giant." , no. : 1.
Oxidative damages in organophosphates poisoning is associated with neuro-cognitive deficits. This study investigates the protective effect of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) in mitigating dichlorvos (DDVP) induced oxidative damage and neuro-cognitive impairment in rats. Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into four groups, exposed to 1 ml/kg of normal saline, 8.8 mg/kg of DDVP, DDVP + 1 ml/kg of NSO and NSO respectively for 14 consecutive days. Body weights were recorded at day 1 and 15 of the experiment, the rats were exposed to 3 trials each on the 11, 12 and 13th days in the Morris water maze, and subsequently latency to hidden platform and time in the platform quadrant were recorded as measures of long term memory (LTM), short term memory (STM) and reference memory on the 14th day. The rats were euthanized on the 15th day, the brains excised and the hippocampi of five brains in each group were removed, homogenized to analyze for total reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitrous oxide (NO) levels and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities, while the other three were processed for histology and Ki67 immunohistochemistry. DDVP exposure caused a significant increase in hippocampal NO and ROS levels, with reductions in AChE activities and Ki67 protein expression. This was associated with delayed escape latency and reduced time in platform quadrant. NSO intervention prevented outburst in ROS and NO, preserved the neurogenic cells and improved neuro-cognitive indices. We thus conclude that stabilizing oxidative and neurogenic functions are vital to protect against DDVP hippocampal insults.
Imam Aminu; Alakoso Jumoke Teslimat; Williams Victoria; Chengetanai Samson; Oyewole Lukuman Aboyeji; Olaleye Olatunbosun; Shittu Toyin Sheu-Tijani; Ajao Moyosore Saliu. Nigella sativa oil protected the hippocampus against Acetyl cholinesterase and oxidative dysfunctions-driven impaired working memory in rats. Bulletin of Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University 2019, 57, 25 -34.
AMA StyleImam Aminu, Alakoso Jumoke Teslimat, Williams Victoria, Chengetanai Samson, Oyewole Lukuman Aboyeji, Olaleye Olatunbosun, Shittu Toyin Sheu-Tijani, Ajao Moyosore Saliu. Nigella sativa oil protected the hippocampus against Acetyl cholinesterase and oxidative dysfunctions-driven impaired working memory in rats. Bulletin of Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University. 2019; 57 (1):25-34.
Chicago/Turabian StyleImam Aminu; Alakoso Jumoke Teslimat; Williams Victoria; Chengetanai Samson; Oyewole Lukuman Aboyeji; Olaleye Olatunbosun; Shittu Toyin Sheu-Tijani; Ajao Moyosore Saliu. 2019. "Nigella sativa oil protected the hippocampus against Acetyl cholinesterase and oxidative dysfunctions-driven impaired working memory in rats." Bulletin of Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University 57, no. 1: 25-34.
Employing a range of standard and immunohistochemical stains we provide a description of the hippocampal formation in the brain of the tree pangolin. For the most part, the architecture, chemical neuroanatomy and topological relationships of the component parts of the hippocampal formation of the tree pangolin were consistent with that observed in other mammalian species. Within the hippocampus proper fields CA1, 3 and 4 could be identified with certainty, while CA2 was tentatively identified as a small transitional zone between the CA1 and CA3 fields. Within the dentate gyrus evidence for adult hippocampal neurogenesis at a rate comparable to other mammals was observed. The subicular complex and entorhinal cortex also exhibited divisions typically observed in other mammalian species. In contrast to many other mammals, an architecturally and neurochemically distinct CA4 field was observed, supporting Lorente de Nó's proposed CA4 field, at least in some mammalian species. In addition, up to 7 laminae were evident in the dentate gyrus. Calretinin immunostaining revealed the three sublamina of the molecular layer, while immunostaining for vesicular glutamate transporter 2 and neurofilament H indicate that the granule cell layer was composed of two sublamina. The similarities and differences observed in the tree pangolin indicate that the hippocampal formation is an anatomically and neurochemically conserved neural unit in mammalian evolution, but minor changes may relate to specific life history features and habits of species.
Aminu Imam; Adhil Bhagwandin; Moyosore S. Ajao; Amadi O. Ihunwo; Paul R. Manger. The brain of the tree pangolin (Manis tricuspis). IV. The hippocampal formation. Journal of Comparative Neurology 2018, 527, 2393 -2412.
AMA StyleAminu Imam, Adhil Bhagwandin, Moyosore S. Ajao, Amadi O. Ihunwo, Paul R. Manger. The brain of the tree pangolin (Manis tricuspis). IV. The hippocampal formation. Journal of Comparative Neurology. 2018; 527 (15):2393-2412.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAminu Imam; Adhil Bhagwandin; Moyosore S. Ajao; Amadi O. Ihunwo; Paul R. Manger. 2018. "The brain of the tree pangolin (Manis tricuspis). IV. The hippocampal formation." Journal of Comparative Neurology 527, no. 15: 2393-2412.
The diencephalon (dorsal thalamus, ventral thalamus and epithalamus) and the hypothalamus, plays central roles in the processing of the majority of neural information within the central nervous system. Given the interactions of the diencephalon and hypothalamus with virtually all portions of the central nervous system, the comparative analysis of these regions lend key insights into potential neural, evolutionary and behavioural specializations in different species. Here we continue our analysis of the brain of the tree pangolin by providing a comprehensive description of the organization of the diencephalon and hypothalamus using a range of standard and immunohistochemical staining methods. In general, the diencephalon and hypothalamus of the tree pangolin follow the organization typically observed across mammals. No unusual structural configurations of the ventral thalamus, epithalamus or hypothalamus were noted. Within the dorsal thalamus, the vast majority of typically identified nuclear groups and component nuclei were observed. The visual portion of the tree pangolin dorsal thalamus appears to be organized in a manner not dissimilar to that seen in most non‐primate and non‐carnivore mammals, and lacks certain features that are present in the closely related carnivores. Within the ventral medial geniculate nucleus, a modular organization, revealed with parvalbumin neuropil immunostaining, is suggestive of specialized auditory processing in the tree pangolin. In addition, a potential absence of hypothalamic cholinergic neurons is suggestive of unusual patterns of sleep. These observations are discussed in an evolutionary and functional framework regarding the phylogeny and life history of the pangolins. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Aminu Imam; Adhil Bhagwandin; Moyosore S. Ajao; Paul R. Manger. The brain of the tree pangolin ( Manis tricuspis ). V. The diencephalon and hypothalamus. Journal of Comparative Neurology 2018, 527, 2413 -2439.
AMA StyleAminu Imam, Adhil Bhagwandin, Moyosore S. Ajao, Paul R. Manger. The brain of the tree pangolin ( Manis tricuspis ). V. The diencephalon and hypothalamus. Journal of Comparative Neurology. 2018; 527 (15):2413-2439.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAminu Imam; Adhil Bhagwandin; Moyosore S. Ajao; Paul R. Manger. 2018. "The brain of the tree pangolin ( Manis tricuspis ). V. The diencephalon and hypothalamus." Journal of Comparative Neurology 527, no. 15: 2413-2439.
Chlopyrifos (CPF) is an organophosphate, implicated in brain damage and cognitive deficits, whose consistence deposit in the environment has contributed to the toxicity burdens of xenobiotics. This study investigated the efficacy of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) against CPF insults on the hippocampus. Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into four groups of eight rats each, exposed to 1 ml/kg of Normal saline, 14.9 mg/kg of CPF, 14.9 mg/kg of CPF plus 1 ml/kg of NSO and 1 ml/kg of NSO respectively for 14 consecutive days. The rats were exposed to 3 trials each on the 11–13 days in the Morris water maze, and subsequently latency to hidden platform and time in the platform quadrant were recorded as measures of long term memory (LTM), short term memory (STM) and reference memory (RM) on the 14th day. The rats were euthanized on day 15, the brains excised, and the hippocampus of five brains removed, homogenized to analyze for total reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO) levels and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities, while the other three were processed for histology and Ki67 immunohistochemistry. CPF caused a marked increase in hippocampal NO and ROS activities, depleted AChE activities and Ki67 expressions, delayed escape latency and reduced visit to the platform quadrant. Intervention with NSO depleted ROS/NO levels, improved neurogenic proteins, AChE activities and neuro-cognitive markers depletions in CPF exposure. Altogether, our findings showed that NSO is a potential therapeutic drug for the treatment of CPF-induced cognitive deficit through its antioxidant property and adult neurogenesis in rats.
Aminu Imam; Abideen Lawal; Lukuman Aboyeji Oyewole; Musa Iyiola Ajibola; Victoria Williams; Samson Chengetanai; Shehu-Tijani Shittu; Moyosore Saliu Ajao. Nigella sativa conserved hippocampal oxidative and neurogenic activities to salvage neuro-cognitive integrities in chlorpyrifos insult. Scientific African 2018, 1, e00008 .
AMA StyleAminu Imam, Abideen Lawal, Lukuman Aboyeji Oyewole, Musa Iyiola Ajibola, Victoria Williams, Samson Chengetanai, Shehu-Tijani Shittu, Moyosore Saliu Ajao. Nigella sativa conserved hippocampal oxidative and neurogenic activities to salvage neuro-cognitive integrities in chlorpyrifos insult. Scientific African. 2018; 1 ():e00008.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAminu Imam; Abideen Lawal; Lukuman Aboyeji Oyewole; Musa Iyiola Ajibola; Victoria Williams; Samson Chengetanai; Shehu-Tijani Shittu; Moyosore Saliu Ajao. 2018. "Nigella sativa conserved hippocampal oxidative and neurogenic activities to salvage neuro-cognitive integrities in chlorpyrifos insult." Scientific African 1, no. : e00008.
The execution of agricultural activities on an industrial scale has led to indiscriminate deposition of toxic xenobiotics, including organophosphates, in the biome. This has led to intoxication characterized by deleterious oxidative and neuronal changes. This study investigated the consequences of oxidative and neurogenic disruptions that follow exposure to a combination of two organophosphates, chlorpyrifos (CPF) and dichlorvos (DDVP), on neuro-cognitive performance and anxiety-like behaviors in rats. Thirty-two adult male Wistar rats (150–170 g) were randomly divided into four groups, orally exposed to normal saline (NS), DDVP (8.8 mg/kg), CPF (14.9 mg/kg), and DDVP + CPF for 14 consecutive days. On day 10 of exposure, anxiety-like behavior and amygdala-dependent fear learning were assessed using open field and elevated plus maze paradigms, respectively, while spatial working memory was assessed on day 14 in the Morris water maze paradigm, following three training trials on days 11, 12, and 13. On day 15, the rats were euthanized, and their brains excised, with the hippocampus and amygdala removed. Five of these samples were homogenized and centrifuged to analyze nitric oxide (NO) metabolites, total reactive oxygen species (ROS), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and the other three were processed for histology (cresyl violet stain) and proliferative markers (Ki67 immunohistochemistry). Marked (p ≤0.05) loss in body weight, AChE depletion, and overproduction of both NO and ROS were observed after repeated exposure to individual and combined doses of CPF and DDVP. Insults from DDVP exposure appeared more severe owing to the observed greater losses in the body weights of exposed rats. There was also a significant (p ≤0.05) effect on the cognitive behaviors recorded from the exposed rats, and these deficits were related to the oxidative damage and neurogenic cell loss in the hippocampus and the amygdala of the exposed rats. Taken together, these results provided an insight that oxidative and neurogenic damage are central to the severity of neuro-cognitive dysfunction and increased anxiety-like behaviors that follow organophosphate poisoning.
Aminu Imam; Nafeesah Abdulkareem Sulaiman; Aboyeji Lukuman Oyewole; Samson Chengetanai; Victoria Williams; Musa Iyiola Ajibola; Royhaan Olamide Folarin; Asma’U Shehu Muhammad; Sheu-Tijani Toyin Shittu; Moyosore Salihu Ajao. Chlorpyrifos- and Dichlorvos-Induced Oxidative and Neurogenic Damage Elicits Neuro-Cognitive Deficits and Increases Anxiety-Like Behavior in Wild-Type Rats. Toxics 2018, 6, 71 .
AMA StyleAminu Imam, Nafeesah Abdulkareem Sulaiman, Aboyeji Lukuman Oyewole, Samson Chengetanai, Victoria Williams, Musa Iyiola Ajibola, Royhaan Olamide Folarin, Asma’U Shehu Muhammad, Sheu-Tijani Toyin Shittu, Moyosore Salihu Ajao. Chlorpyrifos- and Dichlorvos-Induced Oxidative and Neurogenic Damage Elicits Neuro-Cognitive Deficits and Increases Anxiety-Like Behavior in Wild-Type Rats. Toxics. 2018; 6 (4):71.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAminu Imam; Nafeesah Abdulkareem Sulaiman; Aboyeji Lukuman Oyewole; Samson Chengetanai; Victoria Williams; Musa Iyiola Ajibola; Royhaan Olamide Folarin; Asma’U Shehu Muhammad; Sheu-Tijani Toyin Shittu; Moyosore Salihu Ajao. 2018. "Chlorpyrifos- and Dichlorvos-Induced Oxidative and Neurogenic Damage Elicits Neuro-Cognitive Deficits and Increases Anxiety-Like Behavior in Wild-Type Rats." Toxics 6, no. 4: 71.
This study employed a range of neuroanatomical stains to determine the organization of the main and accessory olfactory systems within the brain of the tree pangolin. The tree pangolin has a typically mammalian olfactory system, but minor variations were observed. The main olfactory system is comprised of the layered main olfactory bulb (MOB), the anterior olfactory nucleus (AON), the rostral olfactory cortex (including the taenia tecta, anterior hippocampal continuation and induseum griseum), the olfactory tubercle (Tu), the lateral olfactory tract (lot) and the olfactory limb of the anterior commissure, the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract (NLOT), the piriform cortex (PIR) and a typically mammalian rostral migratory stream (RMS). The accessory olfactory system included the layered accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) and the nucleus of the accessory olfactory tract (NAOT). Volumetric analysis of the relative size of the MOB and PIR indicate that the tree pangolin has an olfactory system that occupies a proportion of the brain typical for the majority of mammals. Within the MOB, the glomeruli of the tree pangolin, at 200 μm diameter, are larger than observed in most other mammalian species, and the MOB lacks a distinct internal plexiform layer. In addition, the laminate appearance of the NLOT was not observed in the tree pangolin. The accessory olfactory system appears to lack the posterior compartment of the accessory olfactory bulb. These observations are contextualized in relation to olfactory‐mediated behaviours in pangolins. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Aminu Imam; Adhil Bhagwandin; Moyosore S. Ajao; Muhammed A. Spocter; Amadi O. Ihunwo; Paul R. Manger. The brain of the tree pangolin (Manis tricuspis ). II. The olfactory system. Journal of Comparative Neurology 2018, 526, 2548 -2569.
AMA StyleAminu Imam, Adhil Bhagwandin, Moyosore S. Ajao, Muhammed A. Spocter, Amadi O. Ihunwo, Paul R. Manger. The brain of the tree pangolin (Manis tricuspis ). II. The olfactory system. Journal of Comparative Neurology. 2018; 526 (16):2548-2569.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAminu Imam; Adhil Bhagwandin; Moyosore S. Ajao; Muhammed A. Spocter; Amadi O. Ihunwo; Paul R. Manger. 2018. "The brain of the tree pangolin (Manis tricuspis ). II. The olfactory system." Journal of Comparative Neurology 526, no. 16: 2548-2569.
Here we employed a range of immunohistochemical stains, focussing on tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine‐β‐hydroxylase, to show that within the pons of tree pangolins clusters of noradrenergic neurons are present. No noradrenergic neurons were observed in the pontine periventricular grey matter (A6 and A4 groups missing), with all noradrenergic neurons being found within the pontine tegmentum (A7 and A5 groups). The tree pangolin is unique in lacking the locus coeruleus (A6) cell group observed in all vertebrates previously studied; however, noradrenergic axons and terminal networks were found throughout the cerebral cortex. We propose this is achieved through a unique structural reorganization of this system. First, the number of noradrenergic neurons in the compact portion of the subcoeruleus (A7sc) of the tree pangolin is increased, providing a total number of noradrenergic neurons in the pontine tegmentum (A7diffuse, A7sc, A5) that is equivalent to the entire locus coeruleus complex in related species of similar brain mass. Second, the most medially located noradrenergic neurons of the A7sc have dendrites that extend into the ventrolateral periventricular grey matter, in the location where the A6 neurons should have been located, forming a “pseudo A6” region. Third, the topological relationships of this “pseudo A6” region to other neurochemical systems that interact with the A6 neurons, such as the orexinergic, cholinergic and serotonergic systems, appear to be maintained. Thus, a unique structural plasticity of this region appears to maintain the standard functions of the locus coeruleus complex in this unusual mammalian species. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Aminu Imam; Adhil Bhagwandin; Moyosore S. Ajao; Amadi O. Ihunwo; Kjell Fuxe; Paul R. Manger. Brain of the tree pangolin (Manis tricuspis ). III. The unusual locus coeruleus complex. Journal of Comparative Neurology 2018, 526, 2570 -2684.
AMA StyleAminu Imam, Adhil Bhagwandin, Moyosore S. Ajao, Amadi O. Ihunwo, Kjell Fuxe, Paul R. Manger. Brain of the tree pangolin (Manis tricuspis ). III. The unusual locus coeruleus complex. Journal of Comparative Neurology. 2018; 526 (16):2570-2684.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAminu Imam; Adhil Bhagwandin; Moyosore S. Ajao; Amadi O. Ihunwo; Kjell Fuxe; Paul R. Manger. 2018. "Brain of the tree pangolin (Manis tricuspis ). III. The unusual locus coeruleus complex." Journal of Comparative Neurology 526, no. 16: 2570-2684.
The mechanization of agricultural activities has led to indiscriminate deposition of toxic xenobiotics, including organophosphates in the biomes, and this has led to intoxication characterized with deleterious oxidative and neuronal changes. This study investigated the consequences of oxidative and neurogenic disruptions that follow exposure to two organophosphates, chlorpyrifos (CPF) and dichlorvos (DDVP) on neuro-cognitive performance and anxiety-like behaviors in rats Thirty-two adult male Wistar rats (150 – 170g) were randomly divided into 4 groups, orally exposed to normal saline (NS), DDVP (8.8mg/kg), CPF (14.9mg/kg) and DDVP+CPF for 14 consecutive days. On day 10 of exposures, anxiety-like behaviors and amygdala dependent fear learning were assessed using Open Field and Elevated Plus Maze paradigms respectively, while spatial working memory was assessed on day 14 in the Morris water maze paradigm, following 3 training trials each on days 11, 12 and 13. On day 15, the rats were euthanized, and their brains excised, hippocampus and amygdala removed, 5 of which were homogenized and centrifuged to analyze nitric oxide (NO) metabolites, total reactive oxygen species (ROS), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and the other three processed for histology (cresyl violet stain) and proliferative marker (Ki67 immunohistochemistry). Marked (p≤0.05) loss in body weight, AChE depletion, and overproduction of both NO and ROS were observed after repeated exposure to individual and combined doses of CPF and DDVP. Insults from DDVP exposure appeared more severe owing to the observed greater losses in the body weights of exposed rats. There was also a significant (p≤0.05) effect on the cognitive behaviors recorded from the exposed rats, and these deficits were related to the oxidative damage and neurogenic cell loss in the hippocampus and the amygdala of the exposed rats. Taken together, these results provided an insight that oxidative and neurogenic damages are central to the severity of neuro-cognitive dysfunction and increased anxiety-like behaviors that follow organophosphate poisoning.
Aminu Imam; Nafeesah Abdulkareem Sulaiman; Aboyeji Lukuman Oyewole; Samson Chengetanai; Victoria Williams; Musa Iyiola Ajibola; Royhaan Olamide Folarin; Asma'U Shehu Muhammad; Sheu-Tijani Toyin Shittu; Salihu Moyosore Ajao. Chlorpyrifos- and Dichorfos-Induced Oxidative and Neurogenic Damage Elicits Neuro-Cognitive Deficits and Increases Anxiety-Like Behaviors in Wild-Type Rats. 2018, 1 .
AMA StyleAminu Imam, Nafeesah Abdulkareem Sulaiman, Aboyeji Lukuman Oyewole, Samson Chengetanai, Victoria Williams, Musa Iyiola Ajibola, Royhaan Olamide Folarin, Asma'U Shehu Muhammad, Sheu-Tijani Toyin Shittu, Salihu Moyosore Ajao. Chlorpyrifos- and Dichorfos-Induced Oxidative and Neurogenic Damage Elicits Neuro-Cognitive Deficits and Increases Anxiety-Like Behaviors in Wild-Type Rats. . 2018; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAminu Imam; Nafeesah Abdulkareem Sulaiman; Aboyeji Lukuman Oyewole; Samson Chengetanai; Victoria Williams; Musa Iyiola Ajibola; Royhaan Olamide Folarin; Asma'U Shehu Muhammad; Sheu-Tijani Toyin Shittu; Salihu Moyosore Ajao. 2018. "Chlorpyrifos- and Dichorfos-Induced Oxidative and Neurogenic Damage Elicits Neuro-Cognitive Deficits and Increases Anxiety-Like Behaviors in Wild-Type Rats." , no. : 1.
Background: There has been a rise in accidental poisoning cases resulting from the indiscriminate use and exposure to Dichlorvos (DDVP), especially in developing countries, and no antidote with satisfactory efficacy is currently available. Thus, we investigated the AChE reactivation potential of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) following DDVP induced AChE inhibition patterns in the brain and the associated cognitive implications. Methods: Fourty Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups of 10 each.; The controls were administered PBS (1 ml/kg); DDVP (8.8 mg/kg) was given to the experimental group I; while DDVP+NSO (8.8 mg/kg + 1 ml/kg) and NSO (1 ml/kg) was administered orally to the experimental groups II and III respectively. All treatments lasted for 14 consecutive days. Morris Water Maze (MWM) paradigm was used to assess the working memory, then rats were euthanized, the brain excised, three brains were fixed for histological examination (Nissl staining), and the other seven brains were homogenized for AChE activity and Ca2+ concentrations. Data were analyzed statistically, using ANOVA method and P values of ≤0.05 was considered as significant. Results: In this study, DDVP differentially inhibited AChE activities in various brain regions: cerebellum (86.1%), hippocampus (40.6%), frontal cortex (33.2%), medulla (21.5%), spinal cord (14.8%), and occipital cortex (8.9%). It reduced Ca2+ concentration, but had no effect on the delayed escape latency in the MWM, nor impaired the neuro-architectures. NSO caused increased AChE activities, Ca2+ concentration and reduced escape latency, and improved histologic architectures. Conclusion: We concluded that NSO reactivated DDVP-induced AChE inhibition and improved memory indices, thus, it may serve as a potential treatment in the management of DDVP poisoning cases.
Aminu Imam; Muhammed Adebayo; Wahab Imam Abdulmajeed; Abdulmusawir Alli-Oluwafuyi; Abdulbasit Amin; Abdulmumin Ibrahim; Sadiya Gwadabe; Abdulgafar Popoola. Dichlorvos Induced AChE Inhibition in Discrete Brain Regions and the Neuro-Cognitive Implications: Ameliorative Effect of Nigella Sativa. Iranian Journal of Toxicology 2018, 12, 11 -16.
AMA StyleAminu Imam, Muhammed Adebayo, Wahab Imam Abdulmajeed, Abdulmusawir Alli-Oluwafuyi, Abdulbasit Amin, Abdulmumin Ibrahim, Sadiya Gwadabe, Abdulgafar Popoola. Dichlorvos Induced AChE Inhibition in Discrete Brain Regions and the Neuro-Cognitive Implications: Ameliorative Effect of Nigella Sativa. Iranian Journal of Toxicology. 2018; 12 (5):11-16.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAminu Imam; Muhammed Adebayo; Wahab Imam Abdulmajeed; Abdulmusawir Alli-Oluwafuyi; Abdulbasit Amin; Abdulmumin Ibrahim; Sadiya Gwadabe; Abdulgafar Popoola. 2018. "Dichlorvos Induced AChE Inhibition in Discrete Brain Regions and the Neuro-Cognitive Implications: Ameliorative Effect of Nigella Sativa." Iranian Journal of Toxicology 12, no. 5: 11-16.
A Imam; A Ogunniyi; A Ibrahim; W I Abdulmajeed; L O Aboyeji; A H Lawan; F A Sulaimon; M Y Adana; S M Ajao. Dichlorvos Induced Oxidative and Neuronal Responses in Rats: Mitigative Efficacy of Nigella sativa (Black Cumin). Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences 2018, 33, 83 -88.
AMA StyleA Imam, A Ogunniyi, A Ibrahim, W I Abdulmajeed, L O Aboyeji, A H Lawan, F A Sulaimon, M Y Adana, S M Ajao. Dichlorvos Induced Oxidative and Neuronal Responses in Rats: Mitigative Efficacy of Nigella sativa (Black Cumin). Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences. 2018; 33 (1):83-88.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA Imam; A Ogunniyi; A Ibrahim; W I Abdulmajeed; L O Aboyeji; A H Lawan; F A Sulaimon; M Y Adana; S M Ajao. 2018. "Dichlorvos Induced Oxidative and Neuronal Responses in Rats: Mitigative Efficacy of Nigella sativa (Black Cumin)." Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences 33, no. 1: 83-88.
Sex estimation from skeletal remains is one of the key components in establishing a biological profile and consequent identification of an individual in a forensic and medico-legal practice. The use of dimensions around the nutrient foramen in instances where long bones may be fragmented and damaged is of benefit due to the fact that the nutrient foramen is easily identifiable and may be preserved on the shaft of long bones. This study is an investigation of the usefulness of various measurements around the nutrient foramen of the tibia and fibula of South Africans in an attempt to develop osteometric standards for sex estimation. The sample included 206 tibiae and 204 fibulae of South African Africans (SAA) and South African whites (SAW) procured from the Raymond A. Dart Collection of Human Skeletons based at the University of the Witwatersrand. Sex was correctly classified for the tibia with an accuracy ranging between 79–82% in SAA and 84–88% in SAW, with the circumference at the level of the nutrient foramen as the single best predictor of sex in both populations. An accuracy ranging from 69 to 74% in SAA and 70–77% in SAW was observed for the combined measurements on the fibula. The current study confirms the usefulness of measurements around the nutrient foramen of the tibia in the assignment of sex. However functions of the fibula generally performed poorly and should be used with caution.
Mamorapelo D. Fasemore; Mubarak A. Bidmos; Palesa Mokoena; Aminu Imam; Brendon K. Billings; Pedzisai Mazengenya. Dimensions around the nutrient foramina of the tibia and fibula in the estimation of sex. Forensic Science International 2018, 287, 222.e1 -222.e7.
AMA StyleMamorapelo D. Fasemore, Mubarak A. Bidmos, Palesa Mokoena, Aminu Imam, Brendon K. Billings, Pedzisai Mazengenya. Dimensions around the nutrient foramina of the tibia and fibula in the estimation of sex. Forensic Science International. 2018; 287 ():222.e1-222.e7.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMamorapelo D. Fasemore; Mubarak A. Bidmos; Palesa Mokoena; Aminu Imam; Brendon K. Billings; Pedzisai Mazengenya. 2018. "Dimensions around the nutrient foramina of the tibia and fibula in the estimation of sex." Forensic Science International 287, no. : 222.e1-222.e7.
Glucocorticoid receptors (GR) are ubiquitously expressed in metazoans. Different and contrasting phenotypes have been reported upon their activation. This study investigated the behavioral phenotypes characteristic of GR stimulation in male Wistar rats. Rats in each of the four groups of rats received one of the following treatments: distilled water (control) or one of three doses of dexamethasone (treatment) injected intraperitoneally for 7 days. The Rats were afterwards subjected to the Y maze, the elevated plus maze (EPM), the Morris water maze (MWM), and the novel object recognition (NOR) test. At the end of the study, the animals were anesthetized and neural activity from the prefrontal cortex recorded. Blood was collected via cardiac puncture to evaluate the levels of plasma insulin and glucose, and the prefrontal cortexes excised to determine the levels of insulin, markers of oxidative stress, and calcium in the homogenate. This study showed that treatment with dexamethasone significantly reduced the total and percentage alternation in the Y maze, but had no significant effect on object recognition in the NOR test, long-term and short-term spatial memory in the MWM, or anxiety-like behavior in the EPM. Plasma and brain insulin and calcium levels were elevated moderately following treatment with the lowest dose of dexamethasone. All doses of dexamethasone decreased brain superoxide dismutase and increased lactate dehydrogenase levels. No significant change in neural activity was observed. This study shows that activation of glucocorticoid receptors differentially affects different behavioral paradigms and provides evidence for a role for glucocorticoids in mediating insulin function in the brain.
Amin Abdulbasit; Fii Stephen Michael; Amusa Shukurat Onaopemipo; Alli-Oluwafuyi Abdulmusawwir; Imam Aminu; Asogwa Nnaemeka Tobechukwu; Abdulmajeed Wahab Imam; Adeyanju Oluwaseun Aremu; Olaseinde Folajimi; Abolarinwa Bilikis Aderonke; Ibrahim Ridwan Babatunde; Owoyele Victor Bamidele. Glucocorticoid receptor activation selectively influence performance of Wistar rats in Y-maze. Pathophysiology 2018, 25, 41 -50.
AMA StyleAmin Abdulbasit, Fii Stephen Michael, Amusa Shukurat Onaopemipo, Alli-Oluwafuyi Abdulmusawwir, Imam Aminu, Asogwa Nnaemeka Tobechukwu, Abdulmajeed Wahab Imam, Adeyanju Oluwaseun Aremu, Olaseinde Folajimi, Abolarinwa Bilikis Aderonke, Ibrahim Ridwan Babatunde, Owoyele Victor Bamidele. Glucocorticoid receptor activation selectively influence performance of Wistar rats in Y-maze. Pathophysiology. 2018; 25 (1):41-50.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmin Abdulbasit; Fii Stephen Michael; Amusa Shukurat Onaopemipo; Alli-Oluwafuyi Abdulmusawwir; Imam Aminu; Asogwa Nnaemeka Tobechukwu; Abdulmajeed Wahab Imam; Adeyanju Oluwaseun Aremu; Olaseinde Folajimi; Abolarinwa Bilikis Aderonke; Ibrahim Ridwan Babatunde; Owoyele Victor Bamidele. 2018. "Glucocorticoid receptor activation selectively influence performance of Wistar rats in Y-maze." Pathophysiology 25, no. 1: 41-50.
مجله سم شناسی و مسمومیتهای ایران Iranian Journal of Toxicology
Moyosore Salihu Ajao; Adebayo Babatunde Sansa; Aminu Imam; Abdulmumin Ibrahim; Misturat Yetunde Adana; Abdulmusawwir Alli-Oluwafuyi; Suwebat Bidemi Kareem. Protective Effect of Nigella Sativa (Black Caraway (Oil on Oral Dichlorvos Induced Hematological, Renal and Nonspecific Immune System Toxicity in Wistar Rats. Iranian Journal of Toxicology 2017, 11, 1 -5.
AMA StyleMoyosore Salihu Ajao, Adebayo Babatunde Sansa, Aminu Imam, Abdulmumin Ibrahim, Misturat Yetunde Adana, Abdulmusawwir Alli-Oluwafuyi, Suwebat Bidemi Kareem. Protective Effect of Nigella Sativa (Black Caraway (Oil on Oral Dichlorvos Induced Hematological, Renal and Nonspecific Immune System Toxicity in Wistar Rats. Iranian Journal of Toxicology. 2017; 11 (6):1-5.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMoyosore Salihu Ajao; Adebayo Babatunde Sansa; Aminu Imam; Abdulmumin Ibrahim; Misturat Yetunde Adana; Abdulmusawwir Alli-Oluwafuyi; Suwebat Bidemi Kareem. 2017. "Protective Effect of Nigella Sativa (Black Caraway (Oil on Oral Dichlorvos Induced Hematological, Renal and Nonspecific Immune System Toxicity in Wistar Rats." Iranian Journal of Toxicology 11, no. 6: 1-5.
Here, we describe the superficial appearance of the brain of the rarely studied tree pangolin. Phylogenetic analyses have placed the pangolins, order Pholidota, as a sister group to the order Carnivora. The majority of features visible on the surface of the tree pangolin brain, and its overall appearance can be described as typically mammalian. The pattern of sulci and gyri, while simple, appears very similar to that observed in carnivores. Two derived features of the Pholidota were observed, the first being the rostral decussation of the pyramidal tract, which instead of occurring at the spinomedullary junction, decussates at the level of the caudal pole of the facial nerve nucleus in the rostral medulla oblongata. This appears to be related to the need for voluntary control of the tongue, with a potentially enlarged corticobulbar tract ending in the hypoglossal nucleus. The second derived feature is the very short spinal cord, which terminates midway along the thoracic vertebrae before giving rise to a long and extensive cauda equina. This foreshortened spinal cord appears to be related to anisotropic growth of the somatic and neural elements following early development of the central nervous system. The olfactory system appears to be generally enlarged and is likely the predominant sense used in foraging. Vision and hearing do not appear specialized based on the relative size of the superior and inferior colliculi, but potential somatic specializations indicate that the somatosensory system is heavily relied upon for food consumption and prehensile tail usage.
Aminu Imam; Moyosore S. Ajao; Adhil Bhagwandin; Amadi O. Ihunwo; Paul R. Manger. The brain of the tree pangolin (Manis tricuspis ). I. General appearance of the central nervous system. Journal of Comparative Neurology 2017, 525, 2571 -2582.
AMA StyleAminu Imam, Moyosore S. Ajao, Adhil Bhagwandin, Amadi O. Ihunwo, Paul R. Manger. The brain of the tree pangolin (Manis tricuspis ). I. General appearance of the central nervous system. Journal of Comparative Neurology. 2017; 525 (11):2571-2582.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAminu Imam; Moyosore S. Ajao; Adhil Bhagwandin; Amadi O. Ihunwo; Paul R. Manger. 2017. "The brain of the tree pangolin (Manis tricuspis ). I. General appearance of the central nervous system." Journal of Comparative Neurology 525, no. 11: 2571-2582.
Background: Recent evidences suggest that cerebellar degeneration may be associated with the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, previous reports were mainly observational, lacking substantial characterization of cellular and molecular cerebellar features during AD progression. Purpose: This study is aimed at characterizing the cerebellum in rat models of AD and assessing the corresponding neuroprotective mechanisms of Garcinia biflavonoid complex (GBc). Methods: Male Wistar rats were grouped and treated alone or in combination with PBS (ad libitum)/day, corn oil (CO; 2 mL/kgBw/day), GBc (200 mg/kgBw/day), sodium azide (NaN3) (15 mg/kgBw/day) and aluminium chloride (AlCl3) (100 mg/kgBw/day). Groups A and B received PBS and CO, respectively; C received GBc; D received NaN3; E received AlCl3; F received NaN3 then GBc subsequently; G received AlCl3 then GBc subsequently; H received NaN3 and GBc simultaneously while I received AlCl3 and GBc simultaneously. Following treatments, cerebellar cortices were processed for histology, immunohistochemistry and colorimetric assays. Results: Our data revealed that cryptic granule neurons and pyknotic Purkinje cell bodies (characterized by short dendritic/axonal processes) correspond to indistinctly demarcated cerebellar layers in rats treated with AlCl3 and NaN3. These correlates, with observed hypertrophic astrogliosis, increased the neurofilament deposition, depleted the antioxidant system-shown by expressed superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, and cerebellar glucose bioenergetics dysfunction-exhibited in assayed lactate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. We further showed that GBc reverses cerebellar degeneration through modulation of neurochemical signaling pathways and stressor molecules that underlie AD pathogenesis. Conclusion: Cellular, molecular and metabolic neurodegeneration within the cerebellum is associated with AlCl3 and NaN3-induced AD while GBc significantly inhibits corresponding neurotoxicity and is more efficacious when pre-administered.
Olayemi Joseph Olajide; Anita Temi Ugbosanmi; Bernard Ufuoma Enaibe; Kehinde Yomi Ogunrinola; Susan Folashade Lewu; Nnaemeka Tobechukwu Asogwa; Tosan Akapa; Aminu Imam; Abdulmumin Ibrahim; Ismail Gbadamosi; Emmanuel Olusola Yawson. Cerebellar Molecular and Cellular Characterization in Rat Models of Alzheimer's Disease: Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Garcinia Biflavonoid Complex. Annals of Neurosciences 2017, 24, 32 -45.
AMA StyleOlayemi Joseph Olajide, Anita Temi Ugbosanmi, Bernard Ufuoma Enaibe, Kehinde Yomi Ogunrinola, Susan Folashade Lewu, Nnaemeka Tobechukwu Asogwa, Tosan Akapa, Aminu Imam, Abdulmumin Ibrahim, Ismail Gbadamosi, Emmanuel Olusola Yawson. Cerebellar Molecular and Cellular Characterization in Rat Models of Alzheimer's Disease: Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Garcinia Biflavonoid Complex. Annals of Neurosciences. 2017; 24 (1):32-45.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOlayemi Joseph Olajide; Anita Temi Ugbosanmi; Bernard Ufuoma Enaibe; Kehinde Yomi Ogunrinola; Susan Folashade Lewu; Nnaemeka Tobechukwu Asogwa; Tosan Akapa; Aminu Imam; Abdulmumin Ibrahim; Ismail Gbadamosi; Emmanuel Olusola Yawson. 2017. "Cerebellar Molecular and Cellular Characterization in Rat Models of Alzheimer's Disease: Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Garcinia Biflavonoid Complex." Annals of Neurosciences 24, no. 1: 32-45.
Objective: The study was designed to investigate the effects of continuous exposure of dichlorvos (DDVP) on hepatic function and hepatic histomorphology, with the possible antidotal efficacy of Nigella sativa oil (NSO).Methods: Twenty four Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups, with each group comprising of six rats. The groups were labelled as Sunflower oil (SFO), DDVP, DDVP+NSO and NSO. After 14 days of treatments, blood samples were collected, centrifuged and levels of ALP (Alkaline phosphatase), ALT (Alanine aminotransferase), AST (Aspartate aminotransferase) and GGT (γ-glutamyl-transferase) concentrations were estimated in the serum. The livers were removed and prepared for histopathological examinations and evaluation.Results: The findings of the study shows significant increase in the serum concentration of ALT, ALP, AST and GGT with a marked distortion in the hepatic architecture in rats administered with DDVP. However, Nigella sativa oil (NSO) was observed to ameliorate the levels of impairment in the assessed hepatic function parameters and relatively restoration in the hepatic architecture in DDVP+NSO treated animals when compared to the control and group administered with DDVPonly.Conclusion: The study concludes that impaired liver functions and histomorphological tissue distortions observed in the experimental rats following DDVP exposure were ameliorated following theadministration of NSO.Keywords: Nigella sativa, dichlorvos, antidotal effect, hepatotoxicity, liver function test
Ms Ajao; Wa Abdussalam; A Imam; A Amin; A Ibrahim; My Adana; Fa Sulaimon; Ja Atata. Histopathological and Biochemical evaluations of the antidotal efficacy of Nigella sativa oil on organophosphate induced hepato-toxicity. Research Journal of Health Sciences 2017, 5, 18 .
AMA StyleMs Ajao, Wa Abdussalam, A Imam, A Amin, A Ibrahim, My Adana, Fa Sulaimon, Ja Atata. Histopathological and Biochemical evaluations of the antidotal efficacy of Nigella sativa oil on organophosphate induced hepato-toxicity. Research Journal of Health Sciences. 2017; 5 (1):18.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMs Ajao; Wa Abdussalam; A Imam; A Amin; A Ibrahim; My Adana; Fa Sulaimon; Ja Atata. 2017. "Histopathological and Biochemical evaluations of the antidotal efficacy of Nigella sativa oil on organophosphate induced hepato-toxicity." Research Journal of Health Sciences 5, no. 1: 18.