Two concepts currently at the leading edge of todays information technology revolution are Analytics and Big Data. The public transportation industry has been at the forefront in utilizing and implementing Analytics and Big Data, from ridership forecasting to transit operations Rail transit systems have been especially involved with these IT concepts, and tend to be especially amenable to the advantages of Analytics and Big Data because they are generally closed systems that involve sophisticated processing of large volumes of data. The more that public transportation professionals and decision makers understand the role of Analytics and Big Data in their industry in perspective, the more effectively they will be able to utilize its promise. This paper gives an overview of Big Data technologies in context of transportation with specific to Railways. This paper also gives an insight on how the existing data modules from the transport authority combines Big Data and how can be incorporated in providing maintenance decision making

Digitalisation is transforming the railway globally. One of the major considerations in digital transformation of any industry including the railway is the increased exposure to cyberattacks. The railway industry is vulnerable to these attacks because since the number of digital items and also number of interfaces between digital and physical components in the railway systems keep increasing. Increased number of items and interfaces require new frameworks, concepts and architectures to ensure the railway system’s resilience with respect to cybersecurity challenges, such as lack of proactiveness, lack of holistic perspective and obsolescence of safety systems exposed to current and future cyber threats landscape. To this date, there are several works carried out in the literature that studied the cybersecurity aspects and its application on railway infrastructure. However, to develop and implement an appropriate roadmap to cybersecurity in railways, there is a need of describing emerging challenges, and approaches to deal with these challenges and the possibilities and benefits of these. Hence, the objective of this paper is to provide a systematic review and outline cybersecurity emerging trends and approaches, and also to identify possible solutions by querying literature, academic and industrial, for future directions. The authors of this paper conducted separate searches through four popular databases, that is, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science and IEEE explore. For the screening process, authors have used keywords with Boolean operators and database filters and identified 90 articles most relevant to the study domain. The analysis of 90 articles shows that majority of the cybersecurity studies lies within the railways are conceptual and lags in application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) based security. Like other industries, it is very important that railways should also follow latest security technologies, trends and train their workforce for cyber hygiene since railways are already in digitalization transition mode.

Recently, due to the advancements in the Information and Communication Technology, there has been lot of emphasis on digitization of the existing and newly developed infrastructure. In transportation infrastructure, in general, 80% of the assets are already in place and there has been tremendous push to move to the digital era. For efficient and effective design, construction, operation and maintenance of the infrastructure, due to this digitization, there is increasing research trend in data-driven decision-making algorithms that are proved to be effective because of several advantages. Since railway is the backbone of the society, the data-driven approaches will ensure the continuous operation, efficient maintenance, planning and potential future investments. The breach and leak of this potential data to the wrong hands might result in havoc, risk, trust, hazards and serious consequences. Hence, the main purpose of this paper is to stress the potential challenges, consequences, threats, vulnerabilities and risk management of data security in the railway infrastructure in context of eMaintenance. In addition, this paper also identifies the research methods to obtain and secure this data for potential possible research.