Two strains of previously unknown Gram-negative cocci, T1-7^T and S6-16, were isolated from the oral cavity of healthy Japanese children. The two strains showed atypical phenotypic characteristics of members of the genus Veillonella , including catalase production. Sequencing of their 16S rRNA genes confirmed that they belong to genus Veillonella . Under anaerobic conditions, the two strains produced acetic acid and propionic acid as metabolic end-products in a trypticase–yeast extract–haemin medium containing 1 % (w/v) glucose, 1 % (w/v) fructose and 1 % (v/v) sodium lactate. Comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA, dnaK, rpoB and gltA gene sequences revealed that the two strains are phylogenetically homogeneous and comprise a distinct, novel lineage within the genus Veillonella . The sequences from the two strains shared the highest similarity, at 99.9, 95.8, 96.9 and 96.7 %, using the partial 16S rRNA, dnaK, rpoB and gltA gene sequences, respectively, with the type strains of the two most closely related species, Veillonella dispar ATCC 17748^T and Veillonella infantium JCM 31738^T. Furthermore, strain T1-7^T shared the highest average nucleotide identity (ANI) value (94.06 %) with type strain of the most closely related species, V. infantium . At the same time, strain T1-7^T showed the highest digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) value (55.5 %) with the type strain of V. infantium . The two strains reported in this study were distinguished from the previously reported species from the genus Veillonella based on catalase production, partial dnaK, rpoB and gltA sequences, average ANI and dDDH values. Based on these observations, the two strains represent a novel species, for which the name Veillonella nakazawae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is T1-7^T (JCM 33966^T=CCUG 74597^T).

Impaired development that causes stunting is one of the most common health problems in Indonesia. In particular, the highest number of cases of stunting in Indonesia was reported in the East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) province. Previous studies have shown a tendency for deteriorating oral hygiene in children with a poor nutritional status. In addition, a higher proportion of oral Veillonella has been reported in children with poor oral hygiene. However, the relationship between populations of oral Veillonella and stunting has not been studied before. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the oral Veillonella profile in the dental biofilms of healthy and stunted children aged 6–7 years. The participants were 60 elementary school students in the Nangapanda District, Ende, NTT, Indonesia. In this study, real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to examine dental biofilm samples from the healthy (n = 31) and stunted (n = 29) groups. The results revealed that seven oral Veillonella species were found in all groups. However, the number of four oral Veillonella species significantly differed between the healthy and stunted groups: V. denticariosi, V. infantium, V. rogosae, and V. tobetsuensis. This is the first study to demonstrate a potential association between oral Veillonella species and stunting in children.

Background:As the most frequent infectious disease among children worldwide, dental caries have a strong relationship with oral hygiene status, specifically in the development of infection. However, the study regarding the identification and distribution of oralVeillonellaare limited. The oralVeillonellacommunity may affected by the differences in geographical location, age, diet, lifestyle, socio-economic status and oral hygiene status. Here, we studied the oral hygiene status by examining the composition and proportion of oralVeillonellaspecies in saliva of Japanese children. Methods:Microbial samples collected from 15 Japanese children divided into three oral hygiene groups were cultured under anaerobic conditions after homogenization and dilution, and inoculated onto brain heart infusion and selective mediumVeillonellaagar. Genomic DNA was extracted from each isolate.Veillonellaspecies were detected by one-step PCR usingrpoBspecies-specific primers. To analyse the phylogenetic properties of the unknownVeillonellastrains, PCR amplification and sequence analysis ofrpoBwere conducted for 10 representative strains. Results:AlthoughV. rogosaewas found as the predominant species among all groups, its prevalence was significantly lower in the children with poor oral hygiene than in those with good oral hygiene.V. parvulawas the prevalent species in the poor oral hygiene group. Approximately 10% of the isolatedVeillonellastrains were not classified to any established species; the phylogenetic analysis showed that they were most closely related toV. infantium Conclusions:This study demonstrates that the composition and proportion of oralVeillonellaspecies in the saliva of Japanese children is correlated with different oral hygiene status. Changes in detection ratios ofV. parvulaandV. rogosaecan be useful indicators of oral hygiene status. Furthermore, new strains closely related toV. infantiumwere isolated from the saliva of Japanese children.

Effect of Propolis on Streptococcus mutans Biofilm Formation

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