Muhammad Fadlurrohman

Mr. Muhammad Fadlurrohman


Research Focus & Metrics

Academic Career Length

1Year (2026-Present)

(Calculated once Scilit publication data is synced: current year − year of first publication + 1)

Representative Publications

View All Publications
30 June 2026 in Bioengineering
Verified
Journal Article
Open access
PDF file
FRFarchan Hakim Raswa
Farchan Hakim Raswa
MFMuhammad Fadlurrohman
Muhammad Fadlurrohman
Tung PhamTung Pham
Tung Pham
ICika candradewi
ika candradewi
FAFNU Afiahayati
FNU Afiahayati
JWJia-Ching Wang
Jia-Ching Wang
A deep learning model with an imbalanced mammography dataset can bias models toward common benign BI-RADS categories and reduce recognition of less frequent malignant or high-risk categories. To address this issue, we propose B2M (Benign Share Benefit to Malignant), a model-agnostic framework for imbalance-aware multi-class BI-RADS classification in C-View mammography. B2M uses a two-phase training strategy that combines dual sampling with feature-space mixing. In Phase I, the model is trained with dual sampling, integrating instance-based and class-balanced sampling to increase minority-class representation while preserving majority-class diversity. In Phase II, the model is fine-tuned with feature-space mixing using samples from the two sampling streams. A soft-target regularization objective supervises the mixed features using labels from both streams, encouraging smoother decision boundaries across BI-RADS categories. We evaluated B2M on an imbalanced mammography cohort from the C-View EMBED dataset using stratified 5-fold cross-validation across multiple CNN backbones. C-View is a synthesized 2D mammographic image generated from 3D digital breast tomosynthesis data, capturing DBT-derived structural information while requiring less memory and computation than processing the full 3D image volume. Among these experiments, ResNeXt-50 with B2M achieved the highest balanced accuracy and Macro-F1 scores compared with the evaluated oversampling and mixing-based methods. This improvement requires an offline training-time overhead of approximately 2.81×, but it does not increase inference cost. Overall, the results suggest that B2M may be useful for imbalanced multi-class BI-RADS classification in C-View mammography. However, the findings are based on the EMBED cohort, and further validation, including external and prospective evaluation, is needed before clinical use.