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Background: Disability and caste are two different forms of oppression; however, people of the Dalit caste in Nepal and people with disabilities commonly face similar types of marginalities. Dalit women with disabilities may experience double discrimination because of the intersectionality of disability and caste. This study examines whether the disability and caste identity of women together affects and compounds the utilization of maternal healthcare services. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire among a total of 354 Dalit and non-Dalit women, with and without a disability aged between 15–49 years. Maternal healthcare service utilization was assessed by antenatal care (ANC), health facility (HF) delivery, and postnatal care (PNC) during the last pregnancy. Logistic regression was performed to detect the predictors of service utilization and identify whether disability and caste were associated with service utilization. First, disability and caste were fitted separately in models. Secondly, the intersectionality of disability and caste was tested by inclusion of a disability*caste interaction term. Finally, the confounding effect of socio-demographic factors was investigated. Results: Out of surveyed women, 73% had 4+ ANC visits, 65% had HF delivery, and 29% had a PNC visit during their last pregnancy. Women with a disability had lower odds of HF delivery (OR 0.50, CI 0.30–0.84) and PNC (OR 0.47, CI 0.25–0.88) than women without a disability. Adjustment for women’s age and household wealth explained associations in HF delivery by women with disabilities. There was no association between caste and service utilization. Disability overrode caste, and there was no other evidence of effect modification by women’s caste status in the utilization. However, a weak interaction effect in the utilization of ANC services was found in the caste group by their education (OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.05–0.74). Conclusions: Disabled women—whether Dalit or non-Dalit—had lower rates of utilizing all maternal healthcare services than non-disabled women. Interestingly, Dalit women with disabilities were more likely to receive PNC than non-Dalit women with disabilities. Increasing equity in maternal healthcare service utilization requires that traditional approaches to service development and program intervention be re-examined and more nuanced interventions considered to ensure improved access and outcomes among all vulnerable groups.
Hridaya Raj Devkota; Andrew Clarke; Emily Murray; Maria Kett; Nora Groce. Disability, Caste, and Intersectionality: Does Co-Existence of Disability and Caste Compound Marginalization for Women Seeking Maternal Healthcare in Southern Nepal? Disabilities 2021, 1, 218 -232.
AMA StyleHridaya Raj Devkota, Andrew Clarke, Emily Murray, Maria Kett, Nora Groce. Disability, Caste, and Intersectionality: Does Co-Existence of Disability and Caste Compound Marginalization for Women Seeking Maternal Healthcare in Southern Nepal? Disabilities. 2021; 1 (3):218-232.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHridaya Raj Devkota; Andrew Clarke; Emily Murray; Maria Kett; Nora Groce. 2021. "Disability, Caste, and Intersectionality: Does Co-Existence of Disability and Caste Compound Marginalization for Women Seeking Maternal Healthcare in Southern Nepal?" Disabilities 1, no. 3: 218-232.
Background: Disability and caste are two different forms of oppression, however Dalits and people with disabilities commonly face similar types of marginalities. Dalit women with disabilities may experience double discrimination because of the intersectionality of disability and caste. This study examines whether the disability and caste identity of women together affects and compounds the utilization of maternal healthcare services. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire among a total of 354 Dalit and non-Dalit women, with and without a disability aged between 15 – 49 years. Maternal healthcare service utilization was assessed by Ante-Natal Care (ANC), health facility (HF) delivery, and Post-Natal Care (PNC) during the last pregnancy. Logistic regression was performed to detect the predictors of service utilization and identify whether disability and caste were associated with service utilization. First, disability and caste were fitted separately in models. Secondly, the intersectionality of disability and caste was tested by the inclusion of disability*caste interaction term. Finally, the confounding effect of socio-demographic factors was investigated. Results: Out of surveyed women, 73% had 4+ ANC visits, 65% had HF delivery and 29% had a PNC visit during their last pregnancy. Women with a disability had lower odds of HF delivery (OR 0.50, CI 0.30 – 0.84) and PNC (OR 0.47, CI 0.25 – 0.88) than women without a disability. Adjustment for women’s age and household wealth explained associations in HF delivery by women with disabilities. There was no association between caste and service utilization. Disability overrode caste and there was no other evidence of effect modification by women’s caste status in the utilization. However, a weak interaction effect in the utilization of ANC services was found in the caste group by their education (OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.05 – 0.74). Conclusions: Disabled women – whether Dalit or non-Dalit - had lower rates of utilizing all maternal healthcare services than non-disabled women. However, Dalit women with disabilities were more likely to receive PNC than non-Dalit women with disabilities. Increasing equity in maternal healthcare service utilization requires that traditional approaches to service development and program intervention to be re-examined and more nuanced interventions considered to ensure improved access and outcome among all vulnerable groups.
Hridaya Raj Devkota; Andrew Clarke; Emily Murray; Maria Kett; Nora Groce. Disability, Caste and Intersectionality: Does Co-Existence of Disability and Caste Compound Marginalization for Women Seeking Maternal Healthcare in Southern Nepal? 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleHridaya Raj Devkota, Andrew Clarke, Emily Murray, Maria Kett, Nora Groce. Disability, Caste and Intersectionality: Does Co-Existence of Disability and Caste Compound Marginalization for Women Seeking Maternal Healthcare in Southern Nepal? . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHridaya Raj Devkota; Andrew Clarke; Emily Murray; Maria Kett; Nora Groce. 2021. "Disability, Caste and Intersectionality: Does Co-Existence of Disability and Caste Compound Marginalization for Women Seeking Maternal Healthcare in Southern Nepal?" , no. : 1.
Background: Despite a global commitment to the right to education for persons with disabilities, little is known about how to achieve inclusive education in practice, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where the majority of the world’s people with disabilities reside. Moreover, although exclusion from education is magnified by intersecting gender and socioeconomic inequalities, there is especially little knowledge regarding what approaches to inclusive education are effective amongst girls with disabilities living in resource-poor settings.Objectives: The objective of this article was to assess the impact of an inclusive education intervention led by a non-governmental organisation (NGO) on the educational attainment of girls with disabilities in the resource-poor Lakes region of Kenya.Method: A quasi-experimental design was employed, where the literacy and numeracy educational attainment of the intervention and control groups was compared over two time points a year apart (Time 1 and Time 2; total matched N = 353). During this period, activities pertaining to six core components of a holistic inclusive education model were implemented.Results: Relative to the control group, girls with disabilities in the intervention group reported a greater increase in literacy and numeracy attainment, adjusted for grade and level of functional difficulty.Conclusion: Findings suggest that the intervention was successful in engendering additional improvements in the educational attainment of girls with disabilities from the resource-poor Lakes region of Kenya. Results highlight both the applicability of NGO-led interventions in settings, where national implementation of inclusive education is constrained, and the potential of taking such interventions to scale.
Mark Carew; Marcella DeLuca; Nora Groce; Sammy Fwaga; Maria Kett. The impact of an inclusive education intervention on learning outcomes for girls with disabilities within a resource-poor setting. African Journal of Disability 2020, 9, 555 .
AMA StyleMark Carew, Marcella DeLuca, Nora Groce, Sammy Fwaga, Maria Kett. The impact of an inclusive education intervention on learning outcomes for girls with disabilities within a resource-poor setting. African Journal of Disability. 2020; 9 ():555.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMark Carew; Marcella DeLuca; Nora Groce; Sammy Fwaga; Maria Kett. 2020. "The impact of an inclusive education intervention on learning outcomes for girls with disabilities within a resource-poor setting." African Journal of Disability 9, no. : 555.
This paper discusses issues affecting the transport and mobility needs of people with disabilities in middle- and low-income countries and how disability intersects with a range of other factors to impact on transport needs, use and engagement. The paper is intended to stimulate discussion and identify areas for further research, and identifies a number of key issues that are salient to discussions around equitable and inclusive transport provision, including patterns of transport use, behaviour and experiences, solutions and policy directions, measuring access and inclusion, policies and intersectionality. The paper also identifies gaps in knowledge and provision, barriers to addressing these gaps, and some possible solutions to overcoming these barriers. These include shifting the focus from access to inclusion, reconceptualising how ‘special’ transport might be provided, and most importantly listening to the voices and experiences of adults and children with disabilities. Despite lack of transport often being cited as a reason for lack of inclusion of people with disabilities, there is surprisingly little evidence which either quantifies this or translates what this lack of access means to people with disabilities in their daily lives in low- and middle-income countries.
Maria Kett; Ellie Cole; Jeff Turner. Disability, Mobility and Transport in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Thematic Review. Sustainability 2020, 12, 589 .
AMA StyleMaria Kett, Ellie Cole, Jeff Turner. Disability, Mobility and Transport in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Thematic Review. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (2):589.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Kett; Ellie Cole; Jeff Turner. 2020. "Disability, Mobility and Transport in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Thematic Review." Sustainability 12, no. 2: 589.
Background: Historically, challenges faced by students with disabilities (SWDs) in accessing higher education institutions (HEIs) were attributed to limited public funding. The introduction of progressive funding models such as disability scholarships served to widen access to, and participation in, higher education for SWDs. However, recent years have seen these advances threatened by funding cuts and privatisation in higher education.Objectives: In this article, the funding mechanisms of selected developed and developing democratic countries including the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Australia, South Africa and India are described in order to gain an insight into how such mechanisms enhance access, equal participation, retention, success and equality of outcome for SWDs. The countries selected are often spoken about as exemplars of best practices in relation to widening access and opportunities for SWDs through government mandated funding mechanisms. Method: A critical literature review of the sample countries’ funding mechanisms governing SWDs in higher education and other relevant government documents; secondary academic literature on disability funding; online sources including University World News, University Affairs, newspaper articles, newsletters, literature from bodies such as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Disabled World and Parliamentary Monitoring Group. Data were analysed using a theoretically derived directed qualitative content analysis.Results: Barriers which place SWDs at a substantial educational disadvantage compared to their non-disabled peers include bureaucratisation of application processes, cuts in disability funding, means-test requirements, minimal scholarships for supporting part-time and distance learning for SWDs and inadequate financial support to meet the day-to-day costs that arise as a result of disability.Conclusion: Although the steady increase of SWDs accessing HEIs of the sampled countries have been attributed to supportive disability funding policies, notable is the fact that these students are still confronted by insurmountable disability funding-oriented barriers. Thus, we recommend the need for these HEIs to address these challenges as a matter of urgency if they are to respect the rights of SWDs as well as provide them with an enabling environment to succeed academically.
Desire Chiwandire; Louise Vincent; Maria Kett. Funding and inclusion in higher education institutions for students with disabilities. African Journal of Disability 2019, 8, 1 .
AMA StyleDesire Chiwandire, Louise Vincent, Maria Kett. Funding and inclusion in higher education institutions for students with disabilities. African Journal of Disability. 2019; 8 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDesire Chiwandire; Louise Vincent; Maria Kett. 2019. "Funding and inclusion in higher education institutions for students with disabilities." African Journal of Disability 8, no. : 1.
This study reviews the attitudes and behaviours in rural Nepalese society towards women with disabilities, their pregnancy, childbirth and motherhood. Society often perceives people with disabilities as different from the norm, and women with disabilities are frequently considered to be doubly discriminated against. Studies show that negative perceptions held in many societies undervalue women with disabilities and that there is discomfort with questions of their control over pregnancy, childbirth and motherhood, thus limiting their sexual and reproductive rights. Public attitudes towards women with disabilities have a significant impact on their life experiences, opportunities and help-seeking behaviours. Numerous studies in the global literature concentrate on attitudes towards persons with disabilities, however there have been few studies in Nepal and fewer still specifically on women. A qualitative approach, with six focus group discussions among Dalit and non-Dalit women without disabilities and female community health volunteers on their views and understandings about sexual and reproductive health among women with disabilities, and 17 face-to-face semi-structured interviews with women with physical and sensory disabilities who have had the experience of pregnancy and childbirth was conducted in Rupandehi district in 2015. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and translated into English before being analysed thematically. The study found negative societal attitudes with misconceptions about disability based on negative stereotyping and a prejudiced social environment. Issues around the marriage of women with disabilities, their ability to conceive, give birth and safely raise a child were prime concerns identified by the non-disabled study participants. Moreover, many participants with and without disabilities reported anxieties and fears that a disabled woman’s impairment, no matter what type of impairment, would be transmitted to her baby, Participants – both disabled and non-disabled, reported that pregnancy and childbirth of women with disabilities were often viewed as an additional burden for the family and society. Insufficient public knowledge about disability leading to inaccurate blanket assumptions resulted in discrimination, rejection, exclusion and violence against women with disabilities inside and outside their homes. Stigma, stereotyping and prejudice among non-disabled people resulted to exclusion, discrimination and rejection of women with disabilities. Myths, folklore and misconceptions in culture, tradition and religion about disability were found to be deeply rooted and often cited as the basis for individual beliefs and attitudes. Women with disabilities face significant challenges from family and society in every sphere of their reproductive lives including pregnancy, childbirth and motherhood. There is a need for social policy to raise public awareness and for improved advocacy to mitigate misconception about disability and promote disabled women’s sexual and reproductive rights.
Hridaya R. Devkota; Maria Kett; Nora Groce. Societal attitude and behaviours towards women with disabilities in rural Nepal: pregnancy, childbirth and motherhood. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2019, 19, 1 -13.
AMA StyleHridaya R. Devkota, Maria Kett, Nora Groce. Societal attitude and behaviours towards women with disabilities in rural Nepal: pregnancy, childbirth and motherhood. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 2019; 19 (1):1-13.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHridaya R. Devkota; Maria Kett; Nora Groce. 2019. "Societal attitude and behaviours towards women with disabilities in rural Nepal: pregnancy, childbirth and motherhood." BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 19, no. 1: 1-13.
Contemporary debates in international development discourse are concerned with the non-tokenistic inclusion and participation of marginalised groups in the policy-making process in developing countries. This is directly relevant to disabled people in Africa, which is the focus on this article. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities delineates the principles of inclusion in society. Furthermore, the African Union (AU) plays a key role in advising its Member States and with regard to disability issues, whose advice should be reflected in disability-inclusive policies. This paper analyses nine policy or strategy documents produced by the AU, covering the policy domains of education, health, employment and social protection that are crucial to the development of disabled people. These were analysed according to seven discrete elements (rights, accessibility, inclusivity, implementation plans, budgetary allocations, enforcement and disaggregated management information systems) using a rating scale of one to four with four being the highest level of inclusion. The process (for example, level of consultation), the context (for example, the Millennium Development Goals and the Sustainable Development Goals) and actors involved in the policy development were reviewed as far as was possible from the documents. None of the policies reached even 50% of the total possible score, indicating poor levels genuine of inclusion. Rights scored a highest rating but this is still at a low level. This suggests that there is recognition of the rights of disabled people to inclusion, but this is not generally integrated within inclusive implementation plans, budgetary allocations, enforcement mechanisms and disaggregated management information systems for monitoring. The limited socio-economic inclusion of disability within AU policies is indeed a lost opportunity that should be reviewed and rectified. The findings have broader ramifications for the non-tokenistic and genuine involvement of poor and marginalised groups in the international policy-making arena.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Raymond Lang; Marguerite Schneider; Maria Kett; Ellie Cole; Nora Groce. Policy development: An analysis of disability inclusion in a selection of African Union policies. Development Policy Review 2018, 37, 155 -175.
AMA StyleRaymond Lang, Marguerite Schneider, Maria Kett, Ellie Cole, Nora Groce. Policy development: An analysis of disability inclusion in a selection of African Union policies. Development Policy Review. 2018; 37 (2):155-175.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRaymond Lang; Marguerite Schneider; Maria Kett; Ellie Cole; Nora Groce. 2018. "Policy development: An analysis of disability inclusion in a selection of African Union policies." Development Policy Review 37, no. 2: 155-175.
There has been little empirical study within low- and middle-income countries on how to effectively prepare teachers to educate children with disabilities. This paper reports on the impact of an intervention designed to increase teaching self-efficacy, improve inclusive beliefs, attitudes and practices, and reduce concerns around the inclusion of children with disabilities within the Lakes region of Kenya. A longitudinal survey was conducted with in-service teachers (matched N = 123) before and after they had participated in a comprehensive intervention programme, delivered in the field by Leonard Cheshire Disability. Results showed that the intervention increased teaching self-efficacy, produced more favourable cognitive and affective attitudes toward inclusive education, and reduced teacher concerns. However, there was little evidence regarding the impact on inclusive classroom practices. The increase in teaching self-efficacy over the intervention period was also found to predict concerns over time. Results are discussed in terms of implications for international efforts, as well as national efforts within Kenya to promote inclusive education.
Mark T. Carew; Marcella DeLuca; Nora Groce; Maria Kett. The impact of an inclusive education intervention on teacher preparedness to educate children with disabilities within the Lakes Region of Kenya. International Journal of Inclusive Education 2018, 23, 229 -244.
AMA StyleMark T. Carew, Marcella DeLuca, Nora Groce, Maria Kett. The impact of an inclusive education intervention on teacher preparedness to educate children with disabilities within the Lakes Region of Kenya. International Journal of Inclusive Education. 2018; 23 (3):229-244.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMark T. Carew; Marcella DeLuca; Nora Groce; Maria Kett. 2018. "The impact of an inclusive education intervention on teacher preparedness to educate children with disabilities within the Lakes Region of Kenya." International Journal of Inclusive Education 23, no. 3: 229-244.
This research will address the overarching question 'What political and institutional conditions are associated with effective poverty reduction and development, and what can domestic and external actors do to promote these conditions?' It will do this by focusing on one country, Liberia, and exploring in-depth the relationship between national and international institutions and actors to understand how the linkages and processes between state and society are benefiting one of the most marginalised populations – persons with disabilities. It is argued that persons with disabilities tend to be among the poorest in the world (Groce et al 2011), particularly in lower income and post-conflict countries. They frequently face social exclusion, marginalisation and stigmatisation. This generally implies they have limited "political voice", which is reflected in a lack of attention to disability issues within national policies, in particular those aimed at poverty alleviation. As a result, the living conditions of persons with disabilities tend to worsen over time, facilitating a frequently discussed reciprocal link between disability and poverty – a 'vicious circle' – that produces a spiral of increasing deprivation. However, the Government of Liberia is trying to break this circle. Since the end of the brutal civil conflict in 2003 and the election of Africa's first female President in 2005, Liberia has taken a number of steps to try to improve the lives of persons with disabilities. It has signed and ratified the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD), and has supported the establishment of a National Commission on Disability. One of the major international actors, the United Nations, through the Human Rights and Protection Section (HRPS) of the UN peacekeeping mission in Liberia (UNMIL), has been instrumental in facilitating a productive interchange and constant dialogue between the Liberian government and civil society, as well as increasing the human rights focus in national poverty reduction and policy development. These actions are based on the premise that it is possible to promote and foster a 'virtuous circle' in which the efforts of the Liberian Government can be reinforced through an iterative feedback process from persons with disabilities and their organisations. In order to understand this iterative process, further work needs to be undertaken using both quantitative and qualitative methodologies to better understand the impact of policies and programmes on the lives of persons with disabilities across Liberia. The promotion of wellbeing for persons with disabilities and their families is crucial in achieving equitable development, as measured by indicators such as the Millennium Development Goals, particularly considering the recent shift in the criteria for measuring country-level development performance from economic production to people's wellbeing (Stiglitz et al. 2009). This shift entails new challenges, different assessment and evaluation procedures, multidisciplinary theoretical approaches and new analytical strategies. This research will represent a first attempt to use an innovative approach to broaden knowledge in this area by surveying families that have at least one member with a disability, assessing quality of life indicators from different members within the same household, and analysing the information using methodologies which take into account the nested nature of this data. In addition, the research will be situated within the on-going international debate on wellbeing. Due to the complexity of both multidimensional poverty and disability issues, a multidisciplinary approach will be used and a broad range of stakeholders will be involved throughout the process, including disabled peoples organisations, NGOs, and universities. If successful, the research project will be submitted to the UCL Ethics Committee for approval.
Maria Kett; Ellie Cole; Mark Carew. Understanding the Political and Institutional Conditions for Effective Poverty Reduction for Persons with Disabilities in Liberia – ESRC. Impact 2017, 2017, 51 -53.
AMA StyleMaria Kett, Ellie Cole, Mark Carew. Understanding the Political and Institutional Conditions for Effective Poverty Reduction for Persons with Disabilities in Liberia – ESRC. Impact. 2017; 2017 (9):51-53.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Kett; Ellie Cole; Mark Carew. 2017. "Understanding the Political and Institutional Conditions for Effective Poverty Reduction for Persons with Disabilities in Liberia – ESRC." Impact 2017, no. 9: 51-53.
Maria Kett; Simon Rushton. Moving on. Medicine, Conflict and Survival 2017, 33, 167 -167.
AMA StyleMaria Kett, Simon Rushton. Moving on. Medicine, Conflict and Survival. 2017; 33 (3):167-167.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Kett; Simon Rushton. 2017. "Moving on." Medicine, Conflict and Survival 33, no. 3: 167-167.
Women with disabilities are less likely to receive maternal healthcare services compared to women without disabilities. While few studies have reviewed healthcare experience of women with disabilities, no studies have been conducted to understand provider’s attitude towards disability in Nepal, yet the attitude and behaviour of healthcare providers may have a significant influence on aspects of care and the use of service by women with disabilities. This study examines healthcare provider’s attitudes towards disability and explores the experience of women with disabilities in maternal healthcare service utilization during pregnancy and childbirth. The study used mixed method approach. An attitude survey was conducted among 396 healthcare providers currently working in public health facilities in Rupandehi district of Nepal. For additional insight, eighteen in-depth interviews with women with disabilities who used maternal healthcare services in a healthcare facility within the study district in their last pregnancy were undertaken. The Attitude Towards Disabled Persons (ATDP) scale score was used to measure the attitudes of healthcare providers. For quantitative data, univariate and multivariate analysis using ANOVA was used to understand the association between outcome and independent variables and qualitative analysis generated and described themes. Mean ATDP score among healthcare providers (78.52; SD = 14.75), was low compared to the normative score of 100 or higher. Nurses/auxiliary nurse midwives obtained the highest mean score (85.59, SD = 13.45), followed by general clinical health workers (Mean score = 82.64, SD 15.10). The lowest score was obtained by Female Community Health Volunteers (FCHV) (Score = 73.75, SD = 13.40) (P < 0.001). Younger providers were more positive compared to older age groups (P < 0.001). Similarly, providers working in urban health facilities compared to those working in rural health facilities, and non-Dalit providers compared to Dalit providers reported more positive attitudes towards disability (P < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in ATDP mean scores between those who had or had not previously provided services for women with disabilities. The mean score difference between those who received disability training and who did not was also found statistically insignificant (P > 0.05). This may reflect the small number of individuals, who have had training on disability thus far, or the nature or quality of the training currently available. The majority of qualitative interview participants perceived providers to have the negative attitude with poor knowledge, skills and preparation for providing care to persons with disabilities. Few participants perceived the providers as kind, respectful, caring or helpful. Overall, provider’s attitude towards disability was found to be negative with poor knowledge and skills about providing services. This may have adversely impact maternal...
Hridaya Raj Devkota; Emily Murray; Maria Kett; Nora Groce. Healthcare provider’s attitude towards disability and experience of women with disabilities in the use of maternal healthcare service in rural Nepal. Reproductive Health 2017, 14, 79 .
AMA StyleHridaya Raj Devkota, Emily Murray, Maria Kett, Nora Groce. Healthcare provider’s attitude towards disability and experience of women with disabilities in the use of maternal healthcare service in rural Nepal. Reproductive Health. 2017; 14 (1):79.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHridaya Raj Devkota; Emily Murray; Maria Kett; Nora Groce. 2017. "Healthcare provider’s attitude towards disability and experience of women with disabilities in the use of maternal healthcare service in rural Nepal." Reproductive Health 14, no. 1: 79.
Maria Kett; Simon Rushton. Fostering narratives of peace and security? Medicine, Conflict and Survival 2017, 33, 1 -2.
AMA StyleMaria Kett, Simon Rushton. Fostering narratives of peace and security? Medicine, Conflict and Survival. 2017; 33 (1):1-2.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Kett; Simon Rushton. 2017. "Fostering narratives of peace and security?" Medicine, Conflict and Survival 33, no. 1: 1-2.
Simon Rushton; Maria Kett. The Trump Presidency – what future for global health and armed conflict? Medicine, Conflict and Survival 2016, 32, 1 -2.
AMA StyleSimon Rushton, Maria Kett. The Trump Presidency – what future for global health and armed conflict? Medicine, Conflict and Survival. 2016; 32 (4):1-2.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSimon Rushton; Maria Kett. 2016. "The Trump Presidency – what future for global health and armed conflict?" Medicine, Conflict and Survival 32, no. 4: 1-2.
Maria Kett; Simon Rushton. The politics of war. Medicine, Conflict and Survival 2016, 32, 1 -3.
AMA StyleMaria Kett, Simon Rushton. The politics of war. Medicine, Conflict and Survival. 2016; 32 (1):1-3.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Kett; Simon Rushton. 2016. "The politics of war." Medicine, Conflict and Survival 32, no. 1: 1-3.
Lack of accessible transportation is considered a major barrier to education for children with disabilities—children already far less likely to attend school. While millions of children face challenges with getting to school, including long distances, poor roads, lack of transport and safety issues, these can be compounded for children with disabilities. Yet there is little data from low and middle-income countries on the nature and extent of this exclusion, or on attempted solutions. This paper explores some practical options for improving transport as part of providing inclusive education for children with disabilities in low income countries, as well applying concepts of transport-related social exclusion in such contexts. The paper reviews a project designed to improve sustainable transportation to school for children with disabilities in four districts in Mashonaland West Province, Zimbabwe. The most common solution was three wheel motorbikes (tricycles) with trailers. Whilst not been unproblematic, teachers, parents and the wider communities overwhelmingly agree that they have supported children with disabilities to attend school. Obviously tricycles are not the only component needed for an inclusive education system, but they are a start. The paper also highlights some crucial gaps in current approaches, key among which is the fact the most government departments work in silos. Whilst inclusive education is strongly supported by the Zimbabwean Government, there is a lack of joined up thinking between transport and education ministries. Without stronger collaboration across ministries children with disabilities will continue to experience avoidable barriers and transport-related social exclusion.
Maria Kett; Marcella DeLuca. Transport and Access to Inclusive Education in Mashonaland West Province, Zimbabwe. Social Inclusion 2016, 4, 61 -71.
AMA StyleMaria Kett, Marcella DeLuca. Transport and Access to Inclusive Education in Mashonaland West Province, Zimbabwe. Social Inclusion. 2016; 4 (3):61-71.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Kett; Marcella DeLuca. 2016. "Transport and Access to Inclusive Education in Mashonaland West Province, Zimbabwe." Social Inclusion 4, no. 3: 61-71.
Katrina Scior; Aseel Hamid; Richard Hastings; Shirli Werner; Catherine Belton; Adebisi Laniyan; Maya Patel; Nora Groce; Maria Kett. Consigned to the margins: a call for global action to challenge intellectual disability stigma. The Lancet Global Health 2016, 4, e294 -e295.
AMA StyleKatrina Scior, Aseel Hamid, Richard Hastings, Shirli Werner, Catherine Belton, Adebisi Laniyan, Maya Patel, Nora Groce, Maria Kett. Consigned to the margins: a call for global action to challenge intellectual disability stigma. The Lancet Global Health. 2016; 4 (5):e294-e295.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKatrina Scior; Aseel Hamid; Richard Hastings; Shirli Werner; Catherine Belton; Adebisi Laniyan; Maya Patel; Nora Groce; Maria Kett. 2016. "Consigned to the margins: a call for global action to challenge intellectual disability stigma." The Lancet Global Health 4, no. 5: e294-e295.
Simon Rushton; Maria Kett. Climate change and health: rising to the challenge? Medicine, Conflict and Survival 2015, 31, 141 -143.
AMA StyleSimon Rushton, Maria Kett. Climate change and health: rising to the challenge? Medicine, Conflict and Survival. 2015; 31 (3-4):141-143.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSimon Rushton; Maria Kett. 2015. "Climate change and health: rising to the challenge?" Medicine, Conflict and Survival 31, no. 3-4: 141-143.
Tim Colbourn; Jasmine Gideon; Nora Groce; Michael Heinrich; Ilan Kelman; Maria Kett; Richard Kock; Susannah Mayhew; Jeff Waage. Human health. Thinking Beyond Sectors for Sustainable Development 2015, 29 -36.
AMA StyleTim Colbourn, Jasmine Gideon, Nora Groce, Michael Heinrich, Ilan Kelman, Maria Kett, Richard Kock, Susannah Mayhew, Jeff Waage. Human health. Thinking Beyond Sectors for Sustainable Development. 2015; ():29-36.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTim Colbourn; Jasmine Gideon; Nora Groce; Michael Heinrich; Ilan Kelman; Maria Kett; Richard Kock; Susannah Mayhew; Jeff Waage. 2015. "Human health." Thinking Beyond Sectors for Sustainable Development , no. : 29-36.
Neil Arya; Marion Birch; Frank Boulton; Shirley Hodgson; Mary Holdstock; Alan Ingram; Peter Karamoskos; Maria Kett; David McCoy; Michael Pountney; Simon Rushton; James Smith; Leo Van Bergen; Elizabeth Willis. The Lancet, Gaza and academic publishing: defending political engagement. Medicine, Conflict and Survival 2015, 31, 81 -87.
AMA StyleNeil Arya, Marion Birch, Frank Boulton, Shirley Hodgson, Mary Holdstock, Alan Ingram, Peter Karamoskos, Maria Kett, David McCoy, Michael Pountney, Simon Rushton, James Smith, Leo Van Bergen, Elizabeth Willis. The Lancet, Gaza and academic publishing: defending political engagement. Medicine, Conflict and Survival. 2015; 31 (2):81-87.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNeil Arya; Marion Birch; Frank Boulton; Shirley Hodgson; Mary Holdstock; Alan Ingram; Peter Karamoskos; Maria Kett; David McCoy; Michael Pountney; Simon Rushton; James Smith; Leo Van Bergen; Elizabeth Willis. 2015. "The Lancet, Gaza and academic publishing: defending political engagement." Medicine, Conflict and Survival 31, no. 2: 81-87.
Maria Kett; Simon Rushton. The age of unconventional conflict? Medicine, Conflict and Survival 2015, 31, 1 -3.
AMA StyleMaria Kett, Simon Rushton. The age of unconventional conflict? Medicine, Conflict and Survival. 2015; 31 (1):1-3.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Kett; Simon Rushton. 2015. "The age of unconventional conflict?" Medicine, Conflict and Survival 31, no. 1: 1-3.