The educational integration of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) has been put to the test because of the need to implement «emergency remote education» as a result of COVID-19. Within this context of uncertainty («viral modernity»), flexible education is an option to promote a more just, equitable, accessible and creative educational system. In order to properly interpret the effects of this unique educational circumstance, it is essential to study the previous situation in terms of the use of digital technologies in teaching practices. The objective of the study is to describe the educational integration of ICT and the teacher education model to obtain evidence that contributes to understanding the phenomenon. To this end, a questionnaire consisting of two self-reporting tools and a scale on the description of teaching practice with ICT was applied. The sample is made up of teachers from public primary and secondary schools (N = 251). Data collection was carried out in the months prior to the closure of schools due to the Covid-19 pandemic. A univariate analysis of the variables and contrast tests of non-parametric hypotheses was carried out, along with calculation of the reliability and construction validity of the measuring instruments. The results reveal the most frequent types of teaching practice with ICT and the spaces where digital technologies are commonly used. Various weaknesses can be identified in digital competence among teachers, as well as in the initial/continuing training model, which contribute to the understanding of the difficulties encountered during "emergency remote education". Participation in ICT didactic innovation projects and the performance of ICT Coordination are associated with more experiential training. Flexible education requires a redefinition of the teacher training model that encourages learning anywhere, anytime.

This systematic literature review aimed to discover how the concept of digital teaching competence (DTC) has been developed, how its dimensions have been defined, and how educational development models and models that evaluate teachers’ digital teaching competence have been constructed. Concurrently, this review aimed to draw conclusions on the implementation processes of digital teaching competence in order to uncover its strengths and limitations, and to propose future lines of research to develop it further in initial teacher training programmes. A systematic literature review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology was proposed in order to achieve these aims. We chose the time frame of 2015 to the end of 2021 in an attempt to cover the appearance of the first scientific articles dealing with the subject, up until the present day. Thus, the inclusion criteria covered scientific research articles from the Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus databases, in English or Spanish, that focused on samples of teachers in primary education, secondary education, baccalaureates, and initial teacher training. The database searches, which will be detailed in depth later, initially provided a corpus of 127 articles, which was reduced to 26 articles after screening for duplicity and applying the inclusion criteria.

The growing relevance of video games in the social landscape requires an in-depth evaluation of the bidirectional influences of these adjacent contexts, among which the educational and cultural contexts stand out. This permeability allows the study of the cultural aspects surrounding the production and use of video games as tools for cultural dissemination. Our research enunciates, recognises, analyses and evaluates the impact of these tools with the aim of being taken into consideration by the scientific community and the general population, who most frequently consume, use and socialise through video games around the world. Based on this, a systematic literature review (SLR) was carried out using the Prisma 2020 Protocol, using the WOS and SCOPUS databases as documentary sources, and the selection of research articles that explore the cultural aspects of video games according to pre-established criteria. The final sample (N = 45) was subjected to a study that posed 12 research questions around which this work is structured. As a result, it is evident that video games have a direct impact on the transmission of culture. Patterns and agents of cultural representation, transmission and communication were identified, allowing researchers to evaluate the impact of video games on culture and to approach this object of study from an academic perspective, helping to open up other lines of research related to the influence of video games on the assimilation of culture, the learning of relevant issues related to it or the transmission of specific cultural elements.

Gamification allows for the implementation of experiences that simulate the design of (video) games, giving individuals the opportunity to be the protagonists in them. Its inclusion in the educational environment responds to the need to adapt teaching–learning processes to the characteristics of homo videoludens, placing value once again on the role of playful action in the personal development of individuals. The interest that has arisen in studying the implications of gamification processes in the different educational stages, in order to determine their impact and suitability, has led to an increase in scientific publications. With the intention of studying the presence and implications of gamification in teacher training as a methodological principle implemented in the teaching–learning process, both in its initial and permanent stages, this systematic review of the literature identifies those instructional design models applied in the field of gamification, as well as its educational significance. Thus, the need to introduce gamified practices in the field of teacher training is observed, providing an experiential learning that allows teachers to apply this methodology in a relevant way in their professional development, based on their own experience.

The education system has become even more complex following the global pandemic, which saw face-to-face teaching transition to virtual teaching. To cope with this abrupt transition, it is essential that teachers have a sufficient level of digital teaching competence. This article aims to increase awareness of teachers’ self-perception of their digital teaching competences in the educational field. Specifically, this study explores Spanish secondary school teachers’ knowledge and use of different ICT tools by evaluating their competence based on different areas proposed by The National Institute of Technology and Professional Development (Instituto Nacional de Tecnologías Educativas y de Formación del Profesorado, INTEF), Madrid, Spain. From the results of the questionnaires, we have determined that teachers consider themselves to have an upper intermediate level of digital teaching competence, although there are still shortcomings that need to be addressed in order to improve this level of competence, and its true integration in the teaching–learning process.

Resumen:Esta investigación se centra en el desarrollo de un modelo de integración de competencias digitales del docente universitario para su desarrollo profesional en la enseñanza de la matemática, como escenario para el crecimiento y fortalecimiento del ejercicio profesional docente. Metodológicamente se analizaron los aspectos más relevantes de las diferentes normas y modelos propuestos por varios ministerios de educación, entre ellos Australia, Bélgica, Canadá, Chile, España, Estados Unidos, Francia, Noruega y otros, así como organizaciones como la UNESCO O ISTE, y las investigaciones de prestigiosas universidades (Pozos Pérez, 2009; Carrera y Coiduras, 2012; Prendes y Gutiérrez, 2013). Este estudio determina un perfil preliminar del profesorado del área de matemáticas, en el que se describen las dimensiones, competencias e indicadores que desarrolla el profesorado de una universidad de Ecuador y que fue validado por un grupo de expertos internacionales en competencias digitales. Los resultados muestran que el perfil está compuesto por 44 indicadores que corresponden a 21 habilidades digitales que responden a los niveles: básico, intermedio y avanzado de las cuestiones de dominio, uso e innovación en cinco áreas: información y alfabetización, comunicación y colaboración, creación de contenidos digitales, seguridad y resolución de problemas. This research focuses on developing a model of digital competence integration of the university teacher for their professional development in the teaching of mathematic, as a scenario for the growth and strengthening of the professional teaching practice. Methodologically, the most relevant aspects of the different standards and models proposed by several ministries of education were analyzed, among them Australia, Belgium, Canada, Chile, Spain, the United States, France, Norway and others, as well as organizations such as UNESCO or ISTE, and the researches of prestigious universities (Pozos Pérez, 2009; Carrera y Coiduras, 2012; Prendes y Gutiérrez, 2013). This study determines a preliminary profile of teachers in the area of mathematics, which describes the dimensions, competencies and indicators developed by teachers of a university in Ecuador and validated by a group of international experts in digitals competence teacher. The results show that the profile is composed by 44 indicators corresponding to 21 digital competences that respond to the basic, intermediate and advanced levels of domain, use and innovation in five areas: information and information literacy, communication and collaboration, creation of digital content, security and problem solvingKeywords: ICT, Mathematics, Digital competences, Higher education