Objective: To investigate the effects of sport stacking on the overall cognition and brain function in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).Methods: A single-blind randomized controlled design was performed using sport stacking for 30 min, 5 days/week for 12 weeks. Forty-eight subjects with mild AD or MCI were randomly divided into the sport stacking group (T-mAD = 12, T-MCI = 12) and the active control group (C-mAD = 11, C-MCI = 13). Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT), Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study–Activities of Daily Living scale (ADCS-ADL), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-30), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were performed, the level of amyloid β-protein-40 (Aβ-40), Aβ-42, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and soluble trigger receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2) in plasma were tested, and brain functional connectivity in resting state and activation under finger movement task were analyzed by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).Results: Thirty-nine patients completed the trial. After 4 weeks, we found a significant increase in AVLT score in T-MCI (6.36 ± 5.08 vs. −1.11 ± 4.23, p = 0.004), and T-mAD group (4.60 ± 4.77 vs. −0.11 ± 2.89, p = 0.039). After 12 weeks, there was a significantly improved in AVLT (9.64 ± 4.90 vs. −0.33 ± 6.10, p = 0.002) and ADCS-ADL (3.36 ± 3.59 vs. −1.89 ± 2.71, p = 0.003) in T-MCI. There was a significant improvement in AVLT (5.30 ± 5.42 vs. 0.44 ± 2.40) in T-mAD (p < 0.05). Plasma levels of BDNF were upregulated in both T-MCI and T-mAD, and IGF-1 increased in T-MCI (P < 0.05) compared to the control groups. The functional connectivity in MCI patients between DLPFC.R and SCA.R, SMA.L, and SCA.R was decreased. In contrast, in mAD patients, the brain regional function connection was increased between DLPFC.R and Broca's.L. The activation of channel 36 located in the left primary somatosensory cortex was significantly increased after 12-week training, which was correlated with the improved AVLT and the increase of BDNF.Conclusion: Our findings suggested that sport stacking is effective for patients with MCI and mild AD, possibly through increasing the expression of neuroprotective growth factors and enhancing neural plasticity to improve neurocognitive performance.Clinical Trial Registration: https://www.ClinicalTrials.gov, ChiCTR.org.cn, identifier: ChiCTR-2100045980.

Objective: This mixed-method pilot study aims to investigate the feasibility and preliminary effects of sport stacking on cognitive function in individuals with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) and those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: Twenty-four community-dwelling subjects with confirmed mild AD or MCI were evenly randomly assigned to either the 12-week sport stacking intervention group (n = 12) or clinic routine management control group (n = 12). Outcome evaluation included the Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT), Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study–Activities of Daily Living scale (ADCS-ADL), and plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). A qualitative descriptive study was conducted to explore the overall perception and experience of the sport stacking from the subjects’ perspective. Results: Twenty-two subjects completed the trial. At 12 weeks post-intervention, compared to the control group, the sport stacking group had significantly greater improvements in AVLT immediate recall ( P < .001, Cohen d = .66) and an increase in plasma BDNF ( P < .001, Cohen d = .64). Subgroup analysis indicated that subjects with MCI had significantly greater increases in AVLT immediate recall ( P = .005, Cohen d = .72), ADCS-ADL ( P = .130, Cohen d = .42) and plasma BDNF ( P = .024, Cohen d = .83). Twelve subjects participating in the post-intervention interviews expressed the benefits (e.g., hand-eye coordination and faster reaction) from sport stacking and their enjoyment of it. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study indicating that sport stacking is feasible among individuals with MCI and mild AD. The preliminary effect on episodic memory is encouraging, possibly via upregulation of BDNF.

This study aimed to survey the geriatric nursing competencies of clinical nursing staff in Chongqing City, China, and provide suggestions to enhance these competencies. This study was conducted in 204 hospitals in Southwest China from December 24, 2022 to January 7, 2023. The “Geriatric Nursing Competence of Clinical Nurse Investigation Tool” was used to explore factors that influence geriatric nurses’ competencies via stratified sampling. The survey was conducted by distributing and collecting questionnaires through the online platform Wenjuanxing. A total of 10,692 nurses answered the questionnaires. Of these questionnaires, 9,442 were valid. The total geriatric nursing competence score of the clinical nursing staff was 2.29 ± 0.81, the secondary hospital score was 2.23 ± 0.78, and the tertiary hospital’s overall mean score was 2.33 ± 0.83. The factors that influenced secondary hospitals included the department of medicine, age of nurses and total length of career (P < 0.05). The factors that influenced tertiary hospitals included the department of medicine, age of nurses, nurses’ professional title, and geriatric practical advanced nurses’ certification (P < 0.05). Geriatric nursing competence among clinical nursing staff is imbalanced at a lower-middle level and is influenced by various factors. The findings highlight the need for further clinical training in geriatric nursing. The training of geriatric nurses should focus on necessary clinical skills and on preparing them to adequately manage comprehensive geriatric syndromes.

Sarcopenic Dysphagia (SD) is a relatively new concept, the prevalence of which has been reported abroad fluctuates greatly, and the risk factors need to be further explored.There is a lack of relevant research reports on this disease in older inpatients in China. To investigate the prevalence and related factors of Sarcopenic Dysphagia in older inpatients in China. The comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) datas were collected from January 2016 to February 2023 of one tertiary hospital in Chongqing, China. The datas including patients’ Body Mass Index (BMI), Daily Living Ability (ADL), Frailty Assessment, Mini Nutrition Assessment Scale (MNA), Chinese simplified Oral health Checklist, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-5), Water Swallow Test (WST), etc.The prevalence rate of Sarcopenic Dysphagia was calculated by diagnostic algorithm. Risk factors were identified by univariate analysis and multivariable analysis. A total of 3515 patients with 560,712 datas were extracted, and 3134 patients with 520,244 datas were analysised. Among them, 633 patients (mean age 83.9 ± 5.4 years, male 41.86%, female 58.14%) were diagnosed as possible Sarcopenic Dysphagia, and the prevalence was 20.6%. Univariate analysis showed that total of 20 risk factors of SD, such as increasing age, frailty, oral weakness, marital status, primary caregivers, psychology, etc. (P < 0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR: 2.7, 95% CI: 1.8–4.2, p<0.001); BMI (OR: 0.2,95% CI: 0.2–0.3, p<0.001); frailty (OR: 11.9, 95% CI: 3.6–38.8, p<0.001); oral weakness (OR: 1.1, 95% CI: 1.1–1.2, p<0.001); primary caregivers (OR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.2–2.3, p=0.006); ADL (OR: 6.6, 95% CI: 3.6–12.1, p<0.001); community activities (OR: 0.6, 95% CI: 0.4–0.9, p.0.02); housework (OR: 0.7, 95% CI: 0.5-1.0, p.0.04) were independent factors for SD. The prevalence rate of SD in older inpatients is high, which is related to many risk factors. It is necessary to detect SD as early as possible in clinical field in order to take early rehabilitation intervention.

Hospital-acquired falls are common and serious adverse events in medical institutions, with high incidence and injury rates. Studying the occurrence patterns of hospital-acquired falls is important for preventing falls in hospitalized patients. However, the effect of meteorological factors on hospital-acquired falls has not been elucidated. Therefore, this study explored the impact of meteorological parameters on hospital-acquired falls in Chongqing, China, and provided new ideas for the clinical prevention of falls in patients. Correlation analysis and distributed lag nonlinear models were employed to analyze the relationship between 3890 cases of hospital-acquired falls and meteorological data in 13 hospitals in 11 districts and counties in Chongqing from January 2013 to April 2023. The number of hospital-acquired falls demonstrated a nonlinear correlation with the daily average relative humidity and negatively correlated with sunshine duration; however, temperature, air pressure, and wind speed were not correlated. Compared to the reference humidity (87 %), the immediate effects of daily average relative humidity (65–68 % and 90–97 %) increased the risk of hospital-acquired falls on the same day (relative risk [RR]:1.027–1.243). When the daily average relative humidity was 95–97 %, lags of 0–1 d and 8–12 d had greater effects on falls (RR:1.073–1.243). The daily average relative humidities of 62–74 % and 91–97 % were statistically significant at cumulative relative risk (CRR)of 4, 7, 10, and 14 d with a cumulative lag (CRR: 1.111–4.277). On sex and age stratification, the lag and cumulative effects of relative humidity more significantly impacted falls in women and patients aged ≥65 years. Daily average relative humidity had a nonlinear correlation and lag effect on hospital-acquired falls; therefore, medical institutions should pay attention to the effect of relative humidity on hospital-acquired falls in patients, especially old and female patients.

Background: Temporal muscle thickness (TMT) has emerged as an imaging marker of skeletal muscle status and may be associated with cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, its relationship with AD severity remains unclear, and the clinical relevance of masseter muscle thickness (MMT) is unknown. Objective: To evaluate the associations of TMT and MMT with cognitive function and disease severity in AD. Methods: This retrospective study included 242 patients with AD between December 2023 and April 2025. TMT and MMT were measured on axial T1-weighted MRI, cognitive function was assessed using standardized neuropsychological tests, and disease severity was determined by Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR). Results: The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for the mean TMT and MMT were 0.868 and 0.896, respectively, indicating good consistency. As the severity of AD progresses, TMT tends to be thinner in severe AD than in mild AD. Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed that both TMT and MMT were correlated with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and CDR. After adjusting for various confounding factors using ordered logistic regression and multiple linear regression, TMT was found to be independently associated with AD severity (OR: 0.424, 95% CI: 0.290–0.618, p < 0.001) and positively correlated with MMSE scores. MMT showed only a weak independent association with CDR staging (OR: 0.830, 95% CI: 0.724–0.952, p = 0.008), while no significant correlation was observed with the MMSE. Stratified analysis revealed that the TMT maintained a consistent association in both male and female patients, whereas the MMT achieved statistical significance only in females in ordered logistic regression; all other findings were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Temporal muscle thickness is associated with cognitive impairment and clinical severity in patients with AD and may serve as a simple, noninvasive imaging marker; in contrast, the independent associations of MMT with disease severity were weak and sex-specific, suggesting that its clinical utility may be limited and requires further validation.