Aynı sahneye ait iki ya da daha fazla düşük dinamik alana (LDR) sahip görüntülerden yüksek dinamik alana (HDR) sahip tek bir görüntü elde etme yöntemlerine çoklu-pozlamalı görüntü birleştirme (MEF) denir. Bu çalışmada MEF için derin öğrenme (DL) modellerinden evrişimli sinir ağı (CNN) kullanan yeni bir yöntem önerilmiştir. Önerilen yöntemde ilk adımda CNN modeli kullanılarak kaynak görüntülerden birleştirme haritası (fmap) elde edilmiştir. Birleştirilmiş görüntülerde testere-dişi etkisini ortadan kaldırmak için fmap üzerinde ağırlıklandırma işlemi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Daha sonra ağırlıklandırılmış fmap kullanılarak her tarafı iyi pozlanmış birleştirilmiş görüntüler oluşturulmuştur. Önerilen yöntem literatürde yaygın olarak kullanılan MEF veri setlerine uygulanmış ve elde edilen birleştirilmiş görüntüler kalite metrikleri kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Önerilen yöntem ve diğer iyi bilinen görüntü birleştirme yöntemleri, görsel ve niceliksel değerlendirme açısından karşılaştırılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, geliştirilen tekniğin uygulanabilirliğini göstermektedir.

When a natural scene is photographed using imaging sensors commonly used today, part of the image is obtained sharply while the other part is obtained blurry. This problem is called limited depth of field. This problem can be solved by fusing the sharper parts of multi-focus images of the same scene. These methods are called multi-focus image fusion methods. This study proposes a block-based multi-focus image fusion method using the Energy Valley Optimization Algorithm (EVOA), which has been introduced in recent years. In the proposed method, the source images are first divided into uniform blocks, and then the sharper blocks are determined using the criterion function. By fusing these blocks, a fused image is obtained. EVOA is used to optimize the block size. The function that maximizes the quality of the fused image is used as the fitness function of the EVOA. The proposed method has been applied to commonly used image sets. The obtained experimental results are compared with the well-known Genetic Algorithm (GA), Differential Evolution Algorithm (DE), and Artificial Bee Colony Optimization Algorithm (ABC). The experimental results show that EVOA can compete with the other block-based multi-focus image fusion algorithms.

Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity among women. Early diagnosis and timely intervention significantly improve treatment outcomes and contribute to maintaining patients' quality of life. This study investigates metaheuristic hyperparameter optimization (HPO) techniques to enhance the performance of machine learning models used for breast cancer prediction. Five different machine learning models were evaluated on a dataset consisting of 569 samples and 30 features. In addition, the performance of ten widely used metaheuristic algorithms reported in the literature was comparatively analyzed. The statistical significance of the performance differences among the algorithms was first assessed using the Kruskal–Wallis test. Subsequently, pairwise comparisons were conducted using the Mann–Whitney U test with Bonferroni correction, taking the SFOA algorithm as the reference method. The initial classification accuracy improved by approximately 2.6% following the application of metaheuristic optimization. Furthermore, a comprehensive evaluation was performed using multiple performance metrics, including accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, confusion matrix, Cohen’s kappa, and log loss. The findings demonstrate that metaheuristic methods provide an effective and reliable approach to HPO. Moreover, while the SFOA algorithm achieved statistically significantly higher performance than some competing methods, it attained a level of predictive accuracy comparable to that of other strong-performing algorithms.