Background/Objectives: It remains unclear which drilling strategy is most effective for maximizing mechanical stability in low-density bone and whether high insertion torque is determinative. The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the primary stability of implants placed using different drilling protocols—conventional (CV), undersized (US), and osseodensification (OD). Three osseodensification systems—Versah burs (V), Bone Reamer Drills (WF), and Master Conical Densifiers (DSP)—were also compared. Methods: A set of 11 blocks was used for the drilling protocol comparison (CV, US, OD) and a separate set of 11 blocks was used for the osseodensification system comparison (V, WF, DSP). External-hexagon implants were inserted epicrestally. Insertion torque was measured using a torque meter, and implant stability quotients (ISQs) were assessed through resonance frequency analysis. Results: ISQ for OD was significantly higher than that for CV but statistically similar to that for US, whereas insertion torque for OD was significantly higher than that for both US and CV. A weak correlation was found between variables for CV and US, and a moderate one was observed for OD. Both WF and DSP showed significantly higher ISQ values than V. Insertion torque for DSP was significantly higher than that for both WF and V. A moderate correlation was found between variables for DSP and V, and a weak one for WF. Conclusions: In this invitro study, the OD protocol performed better than CV in terms of ISQ and better than both CV and US in terms of insertion torque. WF and DSP outperformed V in ISQ, whereas DSP yielded the highest insertion torque. Weak-to-moderate correlations between variables in both analyses indicated that higher insertion torque did not necessarily translate into greater stability.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the wettability and adhesion of self-organized TiO2 nanotubes formed on the surface of 8 commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) disks and 12 dental implants (n = 12) by anodization in a glycerol-H2O (50-50 v/v) electrolyte containing NH4F. Two disk specimens were not submitted to anodization (controls). The nanotubes thus obtained had average dimensions of 50 nm in diameter by 900 nm in length. The treated disk specimens were stored for 2, 14 and 35 days (n = 2), and the wettability of their surfaces was evaluated with a goniometer at the end of each storing period. The adhesion of nanotubes to titanium was evaluated by field emission scanning electron microscopy after subjecting the 12 implants to a simulation of clinical stress in two-part synthetic bone blocks. After installing the implants with the application of an insertion torque, the two halves of the block were separated, and the implants were removed. The nanotubes remained adhered to the substrate, with no apparent deformation. The contact angles after 14 days and 35 days were 16.47 degrees and 17.97 degrees, respectively, values significantly higher than that observed at 2 days, which was 9.24 degrees (p < 0.05). It was concluded that the method of anodic oxidation tested promoted the formation of a surface suitable for clinical use, containing nanotubes with levels of wettability and adhesion to titanium compatible with those obtained by other methods found in the literature. The wettability, however, did not prove stable over the tested storage periods.

Static computer-assisted implant surgery (sCAIS) was developed to improve the accuracy of implant placement, minimize deviations from virtual planning and

The selection of an appropriate fixation system is critical for maintaining postoperative stability after sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO), especially in cases involving large mandibular advancements and counterclockwise rotation, where mechanical stresses may compromise treatment outcomes. This in vitro study evaluated the biomechanical stability of five fixation systems following sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) under two mandibular advancement conditions. Fifty polyurethane hemimandibles were allocated into two experimental groups: Group 1, submitted to 10-mm linear advancement, and Group 2, submitted to 10-mm advancement associated with 20° counterclockwise rotation. Each group was further divided into five subgroups according to the fixation design employed: (A) conventional straight plate, (B) angled plate, (C) sagittal plate, (D) 10-hole miniplate, and (E) two 4-hole miniplates. Biomechanical performance was assessed by compression testing using a universal testing machine. Complementary analyses were performed using strain gauges and digital image correlation. Group 1 in fixation B, C and D demonstrated higher biomechanical resistance than Group 2, however without significance difference. Among the evaluated configurations, subgroup E exhibited the highest resistance values in both experimental conditions. Statistically significant differences were observed among fixation systems within each group (p < 0.05). The fixation systems using two miniplates demonstrated superior biomechanical stability, particularly in mandibular advancements associated with counterclockwise rotational movements. These findings suggest that this fixation strategy may contribute to enhanced postoperative stability in orthognathic surgery involving large mandibular advancements and complex rotational movements.