Soil respiration (SR) is one of the largest fluxes in the global carbon cycle. The temperature sensitivity of SR (often termed as Q₁₀) is a principal parameter for evaluating the feedback intensity between soil carbon efflux and global warming. The present study aimed to estimate the seasonal and interannual dynamics of the temperature sensitivity of SR based on a long-term 24-year series of measurements in two temperate forest ecosystems in European Russia. The study was conducted in a mature mixed forest with sandy Entic Podzol and in a secondary deciduous forest with loamy Haplic Luvisol. The SR rate was measured continuously from December 1997 to November 2021 at 7–10-day intervals using the closed chamber method. Sandy Entic Podzol demonstrated a higher temperature sensitivity of SR in comparison with loamy Entic Luvisol. The Q₁₀ values for both soils in dry years were 1.3–1.4 times lower than they were in the years with normal levels of humidity. For both types of soil, we observed a significant positive correlation between the Q₁₀ values and wetness indexes. The interannual variability of Q₁₀ values for SR in forest soils was 18%–40% depending on the calculation approach and levels of aridity/humidity over the growing season. The heterogeneous Q₁₀ values should be integrated into SR and C balance models for better predictions.