Agricultural machinery is rapidly developing toward electrification, intelligence, and autonomy, and the electric drive chassis has become a key technology for improving power transmission performance, operational efficiency, and energy utilization. This paper presents a review of research on electric drive chassis for agricultural machinery, focusing on four major aspects: electric drive systems, anti-slip and stability control of electric drive chassis, autonomous navigation system control technologies, and energy management strategies. The electric drive system is reviewed from the perspectives of drive motor technologies and drive architectures. Chassis control technologies are mainly discussed in terms of longitudinal anti-slip control and lateral stability control under complex terrain conditions. Autonomous navigation systems are summarized with respect to multi-source environmental perception, path planning, and path tracking control. Energy management strategies are classified into rule-based, optimization-based, and learning-based approaches according to their control principles, and the characteristics and applicable scenarios of each approach are analyzed. On this basis, the collaborative relationships among drive architecture, chassis control, autonomous navigation, and energy management are further discussed. Finally, future research directions are proposed, including highly integrated electric drive systems, vehicle-level collaborative control, multi-source sensor fusion, hybrid model-driven and data-driven control, global energy optimization, and multi-machine cooperative operation. This review provides a reference for the design and development of intelligent electric drive chassis for agricultural machinery.