Quality of life (QoL) assessment in companion animals has received increasing attention in veterinary medicine; however, companion rabbits have been systematically excluded from validated instrument development despite being the third most common companion species in several countries. The objective of this study was to develop and preliminarily validate a QoL questionnaire specifically designed for domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Twenty-eight items were generated across three theoretical domains (behavioral, physical, and nutritional) through literature review and expert panel evaluation, and administered online to 192 owners of rabbits considered healthy. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) identified a three-factor solution partially congruent with the proposed domains. Confirmatory factor analysis of the full 28-item model showed insufficient fit (CFI = 0.613; RMSEA = 0.056). Behavioral block sub-analysis revealed that the reactivity-to-owner subfactor achieved acceptable internal consistency (α = 0.709), the only domain to surpass the conventional 0.70 threshold. Significant overestimation of QoL by owners was observed relative to structured questionnaire scores (global: +0.62 points, p < .001; physical health: +0.57 points, p < .001). These results establish a preliminary psychometric profile for the first QoL instrument developed for companion rabbits, identifying a clinically viable reactivity subscale and delineating the modifications required for future validation cycles.