Based on ship navigational requirements and safety in foggy conditions and with a particular emphasis on avoiding ship collisions and improving navigational abilities, we constructed a fog navigation dataset along with a new method for enhancing foggy images and perceived visibility using a discriminant deep learning architecture and the EfficientNet neural network by replacing the SE module and incorporating a convolution block attention module and focal loss function. The accuracy of our model exceeded 95%, which meets the needs of an intelligent ship navigation environment in foggy conditions. As part of our research, we also determined the best enhancement algorithm for each type of fog according to its classification.